• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.692-704
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• 2023

This study analyzed 214 sports knee braces found on Chinese websites between October 2022 and November 2022 to assess product type (impact protection material, fastening method, and protection method), material composition, size, weight, and main characteristics. The product type was further categorized according to (1) use of hard guard and soft guard protection method; (2) cover type, strap type, and slip-on type fastening method; and (3) pressure type and support type protection method. It also noted the physical shock protection materials used, including foam (EVA or polyurethane) attached to joints as a buffer material and plastic (TPU or PP) that protects the user's knee from external impacts. The study found that the materials that primarily comprise sports knee braces are a combination of nylon, polyester, and neoprene. Additionally, it found that most sports knee braces available on the market are available in three sizes based on knee circumference: M (35-38cm), L (38-41cm), and XL (41-44cm), while some products are available in one size only. Furthermore, the majority of the 214 products studied weighed 200g, followed by 1,000g. Finally, in terms of product characteristics, many sports knee braces utilize ring-shaped silicone pads to distribute the load pressure on the knees or incorporate sturdy adhesive velcro to improve knee stability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2016

Instead of metal connector generally used on the structural glued laminated timber rahmen joints, the GFRP reinforced laminated plates combining veneer and GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic) and bonded type GFRP rod were used as the connectors. As a result of moment resistance performance evaluation on the joint part applied with these connectors, the yield moment of specimen using the GFRP reinforced laminated plates and GFRP rod pin was measured 4 % lower in comparison to the specimen (Type-1) using the metal connectors, but the initial rotational stiffness was measured 29% higher. Also, the yield moment and rotational stiffness of the specimen using the GFRP-reinforced laminated plates and wood (Eucalyptus marginata) pin showed were measured 11% and 56% higher in comparison to the Type-1 specimen, showing the best performance. It was also confirmed through the failure shape and perfect elasto-plasticity analysis that it showed ductility behavior, not brittle fracture, from the shear resisting force by the pin and the bonding strength increased and the unification of member was carried out. On the other hand, in case of the specimen bonded with GFRP rod, it was impossible to measure the bonding performance or it was measured very low due to poor bonding.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2009

Objectives : To evaluate the current status of East-West combination treatment in joint disorders. Methods : The medical records of patients who visited the Joints & Rheumatism Center at the Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center from April 2006 to June 2009 were evaluated. The general characteristics of patients who underwent combination treatment, trend in number of cross-system referrals, and disorders and involved body regions of patients referred to the Eastern medical hospital from the Western medical hospital were initially assessed. 6 major disorders were found from the initial scanning. The trend in number of cross-hospital referrals, number of visits to the Eastern medical hospital, current status of combination treatment, treatment modality, and reason for cross-system referral was evaluated. Results : 1. 1510 patients were referred from the Eastern medical hospital to the Western medical hospital, and 1065 patients were referred from the Western medical hospital to the Eastern medical hospital. First visit patients reached a peak at the second quarter of 2007 and fourth quarter of 2006 respectively, and have steadily decreased from then on. Referrals of female patients were twice as common as male patient referrals. Patients in their sixth or seventh decade of life were most commonly referred, and more outpatients were referred compared to inpatients. 2. Patients with knee joint disorders were most commonly referred from the Western medical hospital to the Eastern medical hospital, followed by hip, shoulder, ankle, wrist, and elbow joint disorders. The most common disorders for each of the above regions in referred patients were knee osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of the hip, adhesive capsulitis, and ankle strain and sprain. The generalized disorders rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis followed. 3. Patients referred to the Eastern hospital received approximately 3 to 10 Eastern medical treatment sessions. 45 percent remained on constant combination treatment, and 98 percent of referred patients received acupuncture treatment. Conclusions : In regard to the number of patients and duration of combination treatment, combination treatment was successfully performed for knee osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, while it was not so for avascular necrosis of the hip, adhesive capsulitis, and ankle strain and sprain. Further research on this subject is required.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The requirements for harsh environment electronic controllers in automotive applications have been steadily becoming more and more stringent. Electronic substrate technologists have been responding to this challenge effectively in an effort to meet the performance, reliability and cost requirements. An effect of the plasma cleaning at the ECM(Engine Control Module) alumina substrate and the intermetallic compound layer between Sn-37wt%Pb solder and pad joints after reflow soldering has been studied. Organic residual carbon layer was removed by the substrate plasma cleaning. So the interfacial adhesive strength was enhanced. As a result of AFM measurement, conductor pad roughness were increased from 304 nm to 330 nm. $Cu_6/Sn_5$ formed during initial reflow process at the interface between TiWN/Cu pad and solder grew by the succeeding reflow process, so the grains became coarse. A cellular-shaped $Ag_3Sn$ was observed at the interface between Ag-Pd conductor pad and solder. The diameters of the $Ag_3Sn$ grains ranged from about 0.1∼0.6 $\mu\textrm{m}$. And a needle-shaped was also observed at the inside of the solder.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

As a basic research to develop stretchable electronic packaging technology, CNT-Ag composite pads were formed on top of Cu/Sn chip bumps and flip-chip bonded using anisotropic conductive adhesive. Average contact resistances of the flip-chip joints were measured with respect to bonding pressure and presence of the CNT-Ag composite pads. When Cu/Sn chip bumps with CNT-Ag composite pads were flip-chip bonded to substrate Cu pads at 25MPa or 50 MPa, contact resistance was too high to measure. The specimen processed by flip-chip bonding the Cu/Sn chip bumps with CNT-Ag composite pads to the substrate Cu pads exhibited an average contact resistance of $213m{\Omega}$. On the other hand, the flip-chip specimens processed by bonding Cu/Sn chip bumps without CNT-Ag composite pads to substrate Cu pads at 25MPa, 50MPa, and 100MPa exhibited average contact resistances of $370m{\Omega}$, $372m{\Omega}$, and $112m{\Omega}$, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.417-432
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• 2001

The pcf metal primers on the bond strength and durability of 4-META/MMA-TBB resins adhered to an Au-Ag-Pd alloy. For this study, the specimens were divided into 8 groups as follows: Thermocyle 0 : (1) control group : sandblast, (2) Group I : sandblast + Cesead Opaque Primer; (3) Group II : sandblast + Metal Primer; (4) Group III : sandblast + V-Primer; Thermocyle 10,000 (5) control sandblast: (6) Group I : sandblast + Cesead Opaque Primer: (7) Group II : sandblast + Metal Primer; (8) Group III sandblast + V-Primer. The shear bond strength was determined using an Instron were observed with the use of scanning electron microscope. Finally, the strengths of bonded joints were evaluated with regard to their adherence energy using a wedge test. The results obtained were as follows ; (1) The shear bond strength of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin to the Au-Ag-Pd alloy was significantly improved in all the groups treated with the primers (p<0.05). (2) Regardless of the adhesive primers used, a significant difference was observed in the bond strength of the thermocycle 0 groups and 10,000 groups (p<0.05). (3) Both before and after thermocycling, the strongest bond strength between the resin an the alloy was obtained after treatment with a metal primer containing MEPS (p<0.05). (4) In the wedge test, the adherence energies of the control group and Group III decreased more rapidly than those of Group I and II during the 2nd day of storage in water.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.131-145
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• 2009

Goryeong Yangjeondong Petroglyph on the joint face of the bedrock (6m in width, 3m in height) composed of the green sandstone has circles and shield pattern sculptures. The rock is mainly composed of quartz, feldspar, chlorite, illite and calcite with the clay minerals. These clay minerals occur as pore lining, replacement of component and pore fillings. Investigated the weathering aspects including the connection between soluble salt and rock weathering and the stability of the bedrock with petroglyphs. The Major deterioration aspect are grain peel-off, surface exfoliation, cracks and damage. And the bedrock where the joints and cracks advance is interpreted with the fact that has the possibility of the falling rock. For conservation, adhesive need to cover crack and damage and consolidation is necessary in the surface which becomes weak.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.546-551
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• 2010

In this paper, the strain distribution of the bond layer has been compared with the experimental data and analyzed according to the different mesh refinements and element types. The mesh density was changed along the longitudinal direction of adherend, the longitudinal direction of overlapped region, the vertical direction of adherend, the vertical direction of adhesive and the width direction of the joint. In addition, the effect of the different types of element was evaluated using soild, shell and plane strain element. The geometric nonlinear analysis was performed to consider the large deformation of the joint. From the numerical result, at least 2 elements were needed to achieve a reliable result as the solid element used. In case of shell element, the peel strain at x/c=1 showed 22.8% error compared with the experiment but the shear strain showed a good agreement with the experiment within 1.67% error.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.14-26
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• 2004

For reliable determination of mechanical characteristics of adhesively bonded joints used e.g. as input data for computer-aided design of complex components, the thick-adherend tensile-shear test according to ISO 11003-2 is the most important material testing method. Although the total displacement of the joint is measured across the polymer layer directly in the overlap zone in order to minimize the influence of the stepped adherends, the substrate deformation must be taken into account within the framework of the evaluation of the shear modulus and the maximum shear strain, at least when high-strength adhesives are applied. In the standard ISO 11003-2 version of 1993, it was prescribed to perform the substrate deformation correction by means of testing a one-piece reference specimen. The authors, however, pointed to the excessive demands on the measuring accuracy of the extensometers connected with this technique in industrial practice and alternatively proposed a numerical deformation analysis of a dummy specimen. This idea of a mathematical correction was included in the revised ISO 11003-2 version of 2001 but in the simplified form of an analytical method based on Hooke's law of elasticity for small strains. In the present work, it is shown that both calculation techniques yield considerably discordant results. As experimental assessment would require high-precision distance determination (e.g. laser extensometer), finite element analyses of the deformation behavior of the bonded joint are performed in order to estimate the accuracy of the obtained substrate deformation corrections. These simulations reveal that the numerical correction technique based on the finite element deformation modeling of the reference specimen leads to considerably more realistic results.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.434-445
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• 2010

Underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) system in a lined rock cavern is considered one of the promising large-scale energy storage technologies. In this study, permeabilities of concrete lining block and its construction joint, which are the major components of an air tightness system of the undeground CAES, were measured from a model experiment. From the experiment, it was found that intrinsic permeability of construction joint was larger than that of concrete block by the order scale of $10^1{\sim}10^4$, so that it would be very important to control the quality of construction joints in-situ in order to secure air tightness of storage system. And the permeability of construction joint could be decreased as low as that of the concrete block by pasting an acryl-type adhesive on bonding surfaces. Higher degrees of water saturation of the concrete block resulted in the lower permeability, which is more preferable in the viewpoint of air tightness of storage cavern.