• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2020

Particulate matters (PM) are small particulate pollution that decrease the function of skin barrier, which causes inflammatory skin diseases and extrinsic aging. In this study, we evaluated the effect of preventing the adherence of PMs from several cosmetic products applied to human skin using iron oxide black. The PM floating chamber consists of skin exposure area, PM inlet, floating power device, and an outlet so that PM can be naturally attached to the skin while floating in the chamber. The change in skin brightness according to the floating concentration of alternative fine dust was checked to confirm the optimal floating concentration conditions. The intensity difference (before-after intensity, Δ) before and after adhesion of iron oxide black was proportional to the amount of PM adhered. The anti-adherence effect of iron oxide black on five cosmetic products were evaluated through 20 each subjects by comparing the amount of iron oxide black adhered on the control and treatment. The difference in brightness before and after the iron oxide black attached to the skin was calculated and compared with the control group(p < 0.05). When over 150 mg of iron oxide black was adhered on the skin, the interference of intensity was low and clearly showed the skin adhered pattern. According to the application of the five cosmetics, the intensity difference was significantly lower than the control group. This means that depending on the product, it prevented the attachment of iron oxide black. This study is a safe and useful method to confirm the prevention of PM skin adherence. In conclusion, cosmetics can prevent the adherence of PM on the skin according to the formulation or ingredients characteristics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1751-1760
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• 2015

Mucin2 (MUC2), an important regulatory factor in the immune system, plays an important role in the host defense system against bacterial translocation. Probiotics known to regulate MUC2 gene expression have been widely studied, but the interactions among probiotic, pathogens, and mucin gene are still not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MUC2 in blocking effects of probiotics on meningitic E. coli-induced pathogenicities. In this study, live combined probiotic tablets containing living Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus were used. MUC2 expression was knocked down in Caco-2 cells by RNA interference. 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), which enhances mucin-promoted probiotic effects through inducing production of Sadenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe), was used to up-regulate MUC2 expression in Caco-2 cells. The adhesion to and invasion of meningitic E. coli were detected by competition assays. Our studies showed that probiotic agents could block E. coli-caused intestinal colonization, bacteremia, and meningitis in a neonatal sepsis and meningitis rat model. MUC2 gene expression in the neonatal rats given probiotic agents was obviously higher than that of the infected and uninfected control groups without probiotic treatment. The prohibitive effects of probiotic agents on MUC2-knockdown Caco-2 cells infected with E44 were significantly reduced compared with nontransfected Caco-2 cells. Moreover, the results also showed that 5-Aza-CdR, a drug enhancing the production of SAMe that is a protective agent of probiotics, was able to significantly suppress adhesion and invasion of E44 to Caco-2 cells by upregulation of MUC2 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that probiotic agents can efficiently block meningitic E. coli-induced pathogenicities in a manner dependent on MUC2.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1660-1668
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• 2007

The non-ionic surfactant (NIS) Tween 80 was evaluated for its ability to influence invitro cumulative gas production, dry matter digestibility, cellulolytic enzyme activities, anaerobic microbial growth rates, and adhesion to substrates by mixed rumen microorganisms on rice straw, alfalfa hay, cellulose filter paper and tall fescue hay. The addition of NIS Tween 80 at a level of 0.05% increased significantly (P<0.05) in vitro DM digestibility, cumulative gas production, microbial growth rate and cellulolytic enzyme activity from all of substrates used in this study. In vitro cumulative gas production from the NIS-treated substrates; rice straw, alfalfa hay, filter paper and tall fescue hay was significantly (P<0.05) improved by 274.8, 235.2, 231.1 and 719.5% compared with the control, when substrates were incubated for 48 hr in vitro. The addition of 0.05% NIS Tween 80 to cultures growing on alfalfa hay resulted in a significant increase in CMCase (38.1%), xylanase (121.4%), Avicelase (not changed) and amylase (38.2%) activities after 36 h incubation. These results indicated that the addition of 0.05% Tween 80 could greatly stimulate the release of some kinds of cellulolytic enzymes without decreasing cell growth rate in contrast to trends reported with aerobic microorganism. Our SEM observation showed that NIS Tween. 80 did not influence the microbial adhesion to substrates used in the study. Present data clearly show that improved gas production, DM digestibility and cellulolytic enzyme activity by Tween 80 is not due to increased bacterial adhesion on the substrates.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.578-582
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• 2005

This study was carried out to analyze the quality change of mackerel treated with extracts of Diospyros kaki, Teucerium veronicoides and Z schinifolium during storage to develope the preparation methods and high quality of salted mackerel. It was analyzed to change on th quality of salted mackerel treated with hero extracts. The Hunters color values of salted mackerel was not changed during strange. L, a, and b value of Mackerel treated with hero extracts was lower changed than those of control (mackerel not treated hero extracts). Adhesion of mackerel was higher at $4^{\circ}C$ during storage than those at $25^{\circ}C$, and was higher in the hero extract treated group at early storage than those of control group. Viscosity was showed low changed in all group during storage. Strength of mackerel was decreased during storage. Hardness was salted mackerel treated with hero extracts was higher than those of control group. Mackerel treated with Z schinifolium extracts was the highest scores in sensory evaluation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.100-105
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• 1997

DW-166HC ($^{166}$Holmium-chitosan) is a complex of $^{166}$Ho, $\beta$- and $\gamma$-ray emitter, and chitosan, a polymer of glucosamine, with radiotherapeutic potential. The current study was performed to determine the acute toxicities of $^{165}$Ho-chitosan in mice by two different routes of administration. The both sex mice were given a single intravenous bolus injection of $^{165}$Ho-chitosan complex at doses of 12, 10, 6, 5 and 4 mg/kg or subcutaneous administration at doses of 600, 500, 400 and 300 mg/kg. Chitosan was dosed to control animals as 16 and 800 mg/kg, intravenously and subcutaneously, respectively. The doses of $_{165}$Ho-chitosan complex were expressed as $_{165}$holmium nitrate pentahydrate and the ratio of $^{165}$Ho$(NO_3)_3$).$5H_2O$ to chitosan was 3/4 Severe convulsion and respiratory failure were followed by death within 10 min after intravenous dosing. Transient unilateral hindlimb hypokinesias were found in two mice of 5 mg/kg dosing group during the study period. No abnormalities were observed during the necropsy of survived animals in intravenous dosing group. Only one male animal was found dead in 500 mg/kg subcutaneously dosed group. Alopecia with or without cutaneous ulcer were found in most mice including control animals. During necropsy, omental adhesion was observed in all dose ranges and enlarged spleen was found in several animals including control group. It is suggested that the acute intravenous >).$LD_{50}s$ for male and female mice were 4.90 and 6.03 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest lethal dose in male was 500 mg/kg by subcutaneous administration.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 2021

Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD₅₀ of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×10^5.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2023

In recent years, fine and yellow dust pollution has become serious in Korea and has negatively affected crop production. Particulate matter (PM) adheres to greenhouse coverings, and it reduces the amount of solar radiation transmitted into a greenhouse. A reduction in light transmittance can have a direct effect on crop photosynthesis and an indirect effect on air temperature in a greenhouse, which can lead to differences in crop yield. The objectives of this study were to investigate the changes in light transmittance of different cover materials by PM and to determine the changes in cucumber growth in a greenhouse due to reduced light transmittance. We measured the changes in light transmittance of polyethylene (PE) and polyolefin (PO) films in the PM generation chambers. Also, cucumber plants were cultivated in a greenhouse with four different light reduction treatments (0, 10, 20, and 30% reduction of light transmittance). The initial light transmittance of PO film was higher than that of PE film and the decrease in light transmittance of PO film due to PM was less than that of PE film. The vegetative growth of cucumber was promoted under the reduced light transmittance treatments; however, the yield of cucumber was highest in the control (0% reduction of light transmittance). From the results, we confirmed that PO film was less PM adhesion and that cucumber yield during the spring season can be reduced by the reduction in light transmittance due to PM.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.599-613
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• 2003

The goal of periodontal treatment is regeneration of the periodontium. Bone graft and absorbable PLA/PGA membrane have been used for this purpose. In this study, 4${\times}$4mm 1-wall intrabony defects were surgically created bilaterally in the mandible of five male beagles. The control group went through a conventional flap operation, while the experimental group I was treated with absorbable PLA/PGA membranes only, group II was treated with absorbable membrane and calcium phosphate. The results are the following : 1. The defect height was 4.82${\pm}$0.45mm in the control group, 4.93${\pm}$0.79mm in the experimental I group, and 4.92${\pm}$0.62mm in the experimental II group. There was no statistically significant difference among 3 groups(P <0.05). 2. The amount of junctional epithelium migration was 30.90${\pm}$9.92% of the defect height in the control group, 39.16${\pm}$7.51% in the experimental I group, and 38.68${\pm}$12.22% in the experimental II group. There was no statistically significant difference among 3 groups(P <0.05). 3. The amount of connective tissue adhesion was 36.38${\pm}$9.03% in the control group, 14.73${\pm}$3.93% in experimental I group, and 27.87${\pm}$9.70% experimental II group. Experimental group I was a statistically significantly different from control group(P <0.05). 4. The amount of new cementum regeneration was 32.92${\pm}$10.51%, 50.04${\pm}$7.61%, and 39.62${\pm}$12.14% for the control, experimental I, and experimental II group respectively. Experimental group I was a statistically significantly different from control group(P<0.05). 5. The amount of new alveolar bone regeneration was 27.24${\pm}$7.49%, 40.75${\pm}$8.03%, and 36.47${\pm}$15.11% for the control, experimental I, and experimental II group respectively. Experimental group I was a statistically significantly different from control group(P <0.05). The results suggest that the use of PLA/PGA membrane in 1-wall intrabony defect of beagle dogs may promote periodontal regeneration. Further studies are required to determine their regeneration effects.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.426.2-426.2
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• 2016

Numerous of researches are being conducted to improve the efficiency of $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ (CZTSe)-based photovoltaic devices, which is one of the most promising candidates for low cost and environment-friendly solar cells. In this work, we concentrate on the back contact of the devices. A proper thickness of $MoSe_2$ in back contact structure is believed to enhance adhesion and ohmic contact between Mo back contact and absorber layer. Nevertheless, too thick $MoSe_2$ layers that are grown during high-temperature selenization process can impede the current collection, thus resulting in low cell performance. By applying molybdenum nitride as a barrier in back contact structure, we were able to control the thickness of $MoSe_2$ layer, which resulted in lower series resistance and higher fill factor of CZTSe devices. The phase transformation of Mo-N binary system was systematically studied by changing $N_2$ concentration during the sputtering process. With a proper phase of Mo-N fabricated by using an adequate partial pressure of $N_2$, the efficiency of CZTSe solar cells as high as 8.31% was achieved while the average efficiency was improved by about 2% with respect to that of the referent cells where no barrier layer was employed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.411-427
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to observe the healing process and the distribution of fibronectin in injured condylar cartilage and bone by using LM and SEM. In order to perform this study, 40 male rat, weighing about 250g were selected. Under general anesthesia with Pentobarbital sodium, condylar cartilage and neck bone were resected. Then, the wound was irrigated with saline and closed with 5-0 chromic catgut and 4-0 silk by layer-to-layer suturing. The experimental rats were sacrificed by perfusion with 3% paraformaldehyde at 1st and 4th week after operation. The condylar process and surrounding tissues were cut, demineralized, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The histological observation of the specimens in LM level was performed after H-E stain and Azan stain. For localization of fibronectin, immunostaining was achieved by the avidin-biotin complex method. To study the change on condylar surface, the specimens were dehydrated, dried, gold coated and were observed with a scanning electron microscope(Hitachi S-2300). The results were as follows ; 1. The cartilage group and the bone group were repaired with epiphyseal cartilage layer on the cut surface as the normal control group. 2. The cut surface was repaired more quickly in the cartilage group than in the bone group. 3. Chondrocytes, diferentiated during healing, were stained strongly to anti-fibronectin, and fibronectin was supposed to participatein chondrocyte differentiation and cartilagenous matrix formation. 4. Fibronectin was distributed more in the new bone than in the old bone, and the osteoblasts surrounding it were also stained strongly. Fibronectin was supposed to participate in new bone matrix formation. 5. Fibronectin is supposed to be associated with the differentiation, migration and adhesion of chondrocyte and osteoblast and to participate in endochondral bone formation.