• 한국의류학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.362-372
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• 1996

Recently, need for the development of the quantification of subjective evaluation is growing for the production of high-touch and high-tech textile products. In this study, Fuzzy theory is utilized for the evaluation of the wear comfort of the various blouses. Result of a new evaluation method and factor scores, validity of the new evalution technique adopted fuzzy theory was crosschecked with the results of fator analysis and factor scores. As results, fuzzy theory was proved to be adequate methodology to objectify the subjective evaluation of the adequacy of clothing which is worn. When DUNCAN'S multiple comparion among median of the fuzzy composite score were compared with the results of factor score, the sensitivity of the test methods tends to increase. Therefore, it is suggested that fuzzy weighted checklist is an alternative evaluation scale for the subjective comparison of the textile products. In addition, individual median of fuzzy composite score value should be treated by statistical for the sensitive analysis of subjective evalution.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제27권A호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2007

The counter emf(electromotive forces) of a permanent magnet multi-phase brushless motor is generally a non-sinusoidal wave or a non-ideal trapezoid. So, conventional modeling using a sinusoidal wave or an ideal trapezoid counter emf can result in errors. In order to reduce modeling errors for simulation and analysis the properties of a multi-phase brushless AC motor, this paper proposes a phase variable model that is a mixed modeling technique using both Finite Element Analysis(FEA) based circuits and motor voltage equations. The phase model parameters including the counter emf voltage waveform are obtained by using of FEA, and the mixed modeling technique based on circuits and equations is used to implement a simulation model for multi-phase brushless AC motors with any counter emf voltage waveforms. Adequacy of the proposed model is established from the simulation and experimental results for a seven-phase brushless motor.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.88-91
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• 2009

For lightning currents, a grounding system shows the transient grounding impedance characteristics. A grounding system for protection against lightning should be evaluated by the transient grounding impedance, not it's ground resistance. The transient grounding impedance varies with the shape of ground electrode and earth characteristics as well as the waveform of lightning surge current. For the analysis and practical use of transient grounding impedance, the characteristics of transient grounding impedance should be analyzed theoretically and this paper suggests the theoretical analysis for the transient grounding impedance of counterpoise by using the distributed parameter circuit model. EMTP and Matlab are used to simulate the distributed parameter circuit model of counterpoise and the adequacy of the distributed parameter model of counterpoise is examined by comparing the simulated results with the measured results.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.287-296
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• 2022

Analyzing the typhoon wind hazards is crucial to determine the extreme wind load on engineering structures in the typhoon prone region. In essence, the typhoon hazard analysis is a high-dimensional problem with randomness arising from the typhoon genesis, environmental variables and the boundary layer wind field. This study suggests a dimension reduction approach by decoupling the original typhoon hazard analysis into two stages. At the first stage, the randomness of the typhoon genesis and environmental variables are propagated through the typhoon track model and intensity model into the randomness of the key typhoon parameters. At the second stage, the probability distribution information of the key typhoon parameters, combined with the randomness of the boundary layer wind field, could be used to estimate the extreme wind hazard. The Chinese southeast coastline is taken as an example to demonstrate the adequacy and efficiency of the suggested decoupling approach.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.578-582
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• 2015

Lack of client involvement in construction of public projects has been identified as the main cause of many operational problems. Clients need to perform their roles and responsibilities effectively and efficiently at the right time and through the use of correct methods in order to have the optimum involvement required during all the construction project phases, namely, the planning, design, construction, handover, and operation and maintenance phase. This paper investigates the influence of clients' individual factors on their involvement in construction project delivery. A questionnaire survey was distributed to various government agencies of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Explanatory Factory Analysis was performed to group nineteen individual factors. The factor analysis result suggests that the individual factors that can involve clients' involvement in construction projects can be grouped into five, which are: adequacy of knowledge and experience for decision making in the early stage of design; ability to communicate clearly; job satisfaction; personal skills; and expertise in design and construction.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.114-124
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• 2015

도시에서 도시공원은 여러 측면에서 도시민의 삶의 질 향상에 기여하고 있으며, 도시계획 시설로서 도시공원의 중요성은 점점 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수원시를 대상으로 도시지역에서 공원서비스의 적정성을 판단하기 위해 공원 이용권 분석 시 분석기법과 토지이용 유형에 따른 차이를 고찰하고 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 도시공원 이용권율은 버퍼분석과 네트워크 분석 등 분석기법에 따라 이용권율이 현저한 차이를 보이고 있어, 수원시의 경우 네트워크 분석으로 산출한 이용권율은 버퍼분석으로 산출한 이용권율의 41%에 그치고 있었다. 그러나 현재 기초자치단체에서 공원녹지 기본계획 수립 시 버퍼분석을 활용하여 공원 서비스율을 산정하고 있어, 현재 공급되는 공원녹지 면적이 실제 이용자에게 서비스되는 공원녹지 면적보다 넓게 나타날 수 있다는 점이 고찰되었다. 또한 전체 도시면적과 주거 상업면적 등 토지이용에 유형에 따라서 도시공원 이용권의 차이도 도출되어 향후 공원녹지기본계획 수립 지침작성에 있어 이들에 대한 보완이 요구된다. '녹색복지'의 실현을 위해서는 공원면적의 양적 확충도 중요하지만 인구규모, 인구밀도, 토지이용 유형 등 도시특성에 대한 고려가 필요하다.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.106-122
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• 1994

The purpose of this study to investigate the awareness of environmental management knowledge and behavior and the effect of independent variables (The environmental management behavior of housewives are composed of five activities-clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management. The independent variables are composed of objective variable and subjective variable). The Research Questions are as follows; 1. Are there significant differences in the housewife's awareness of the environmental management knowledge according to the objective variable and the subjective variable? 2. How much are the effects of related variables on the awareness of environmental management knowledge? 3. Are there significant differences in the housewife's environmental management behavior according to objective variable and subjective variable and awareness of environmental management knowledge? 4. How much are effects of related variables on the housewife's environmental management behavior? For these purpose, a theoretical framework was developed by literature review and applied to empirical test. The data was collected through the questionnaire those respondents were 477 housewives in seoul. It was analyzed by various statistical methods such as Frequency. Percentile, GLM, F-test, T-test, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, Pearson's Correlations Analysis Simple Regression Analysis, and Multiple Regression Analysis. The results of this research are as follows; 1. The awareness of environmental management knowledge had significant differences according to the variables such as housewife's age, husband's job, family number, education experience of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the perceived adequacy of resources, social-altruistic orientation. 2. Among all of these variables affecting the awareness of environmental management knowledge, the perceived adequacy of resources had the highest effects and the next were family number, social-altruistic, type of residence in order. 3. Total Environmental management behavior of housewives had significant differences according to the variables such of environment, frequencies of contracting mass media, the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. The clothing, eating, housing, family management behavior had the high level, the buying management behavior had the average level. The clothing, eating, housing, buying, family management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as the satisfaction of household labor, the perceived adequacy of resources, biospheric orientation, social-altruistic orientation, egoism orientation, the awareness of environmental management knowledge. In particular, the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as education experience of environment. And the housing, buying management behavior had significant differences according to the variables such as frequencies of contracting mass media. 4. Among all of theses variables affecting environmental management behavior, the most influence variables was awareness of environmental management knowledge and the next were influence of housewife's job, biospheric orientation, the satisfaction of household labor, education experience of environment, frequencies of contraction mass media, egoism orientation in order. Among all of theses variables effecting the clothing, eating, housing, buying management behavior the variables affecting the family management behavior, the most influences variables was housewife's job. In the result of analysing the housewife's environmental management behavior and awareness of environmental management knowledge, influences of education experience of environment had the highest effect and frequencies of contracting mass media may more influencial than other variables. And Concrete and systematic knowledge and technique of environmental education is requisite. The result of this study could be attributed to develop the efficient environmental information. More emphasis should be given to environmental education and a long range environmental policy. in particular, environmental education be effectively related to environmental behavior, life-education and systematic support must be provided. In addition, further study of environmental problem is needed for and application of various theoretical approaches and research method.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.127-145
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to identify health behaviors and health problems. and the relations between health behaviors and health problems of female workers in the retail business. The number of subjects were 200 female workers of 6 department stores in Seoul and Kyonggi area, whose jobs last more than 6 months as retail employees. The data was collected during 2 months from July 1 to August 30, 1998. The Cornell Medical Index Health Questionnaire(CMI) was used to measure their health problems, while health behaViorn were investigated in terms of 'smoking', 'alcohol', exercise', 'diet', and 'sleeping'. The data were analyzed with frequency. percentage, t-test, ANOVA test, and $X^2-test$ by SPSS PC+ program. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Out of health problems. Digestive symptoms occupied the highest percent number. nervous ones the second and cardiovascular ones the third among physical health problems of retail female workers. The most frequent mental health problem was 'adequacy' and the next, 'tension' and 'anger', 2, Health problems according to general characteristics of subjects were shown that the younger or the unmarried complained more than the older or the married, especially in the items of 'eye and ear', 'respiratory system', 'cardiovascular system', 'digestive tract', 'nervous system', 'adequacy', and 'depression'. The longer working duration they have had, the more they complained of 'respiratory system' and 'adequacy'. The lower academic careers complained of 'nervous' than the higher ones with statistical significance. 3. The analysis of daily health clinic notes showed that respiratory complaints were the highest percent, successively followed by digestive tract, nervous one, external injury, musculoskeletal system, urinary-reproductive system and others. 4. The level of their health practice was generally low in smoking, diet habit and alcohol intake, exercise, sleeping, very low especially in smoking, diet, alcohol intake, and exercise among them all. 5. Present smokers and ones with past experience complained of physical and mental health problems of 'respiratory system', 'digestive tract', 'skin', 'nervous', 'urinary-reproductive system', 'fatigability', adequacy', 'depression', 'anxiety', 'anger' and 'tension', than non smokers, with statistical difference. Workers without having breakfast and with irregular diet had more complaints on 'digestive tract', 'adequacy' and 'tension', than those who had regular dietary habit. The less the subjects slept, the more they complained of eye and ear, cardiovascular system. The subjects who drank alcohol complained more digestive problem. However, whether they exercise or not did not affect physical and mental health problems in a significant manner. 6. The subjects' age and marital status were statistically significant relating to health behaviors, as the younger or unmarried recorded a low level of health practice in smoking, drinking, dietary habit. Based on the results, the suggestions are made as follows: 1. Health education program on smoking, alcohol intake, diet habit is needed to improve health problems and health behavior of female retail workers. 2. The unmarried workers of late teen and twenties, who are transitional period from teenagers to adulthood are important targets for health promotion program especially for maternal health. 3. Better working environment with sufficient time and facilities for workers to relax is required to promote female sales workers' health. 4. Further research is required to identify the relation between workers' visual fatigue and intense lights for the display of goods.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2006

The security analysis relates to the ability of the electric systems to survive sudden disturbances such as electric short circuits or unanticipated loss of system elements. It is composed of both steady state and dynamic security analyses, which are not two separate issues but should be considered together. In steady state security analysis including voltage security analysis, the analysis checks that the system is operated within security limits by OPF (optimal power flow) after the transition of a new operating point. On the other hand, dynamic security analysis deals that the transition will lead to an acceptable operating condition. Transient stability, which is the ability of power systems to maintain synchronism when subjected to a large disturbance, is a principal component in dynamic security analysis. Usually any loss of synchronism will cause additional outages. They make the present steady state analysis of the post-contingency condition inadequate for unstable cases. This is the reason of the need for dynamics of systems. Probabilistic criterion can be used to recognize the probabilistic nature of system components and shows the possibility of system security. A comprehensive conceptual framework for probabilistic static and dynamic assessment is presented in this paper. The simulation results of the Western System Coordinating Council (WSCC) system compare an analytical method with Monte-Carlo simulation (MCS). Also, a case study of the extended IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS) shows the efficiency of this approach.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.643-661
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• 2015

사학연금은 사립학교 교직원이 의무 가입하는 연금으로, 가입자들이 퇴직, 사망 등으로 경제적 위험에 처한 경우 연금을 수급하여 안정을 보장하기 위한 사회보장제도이다. 따라서 사학연금이 공적연금의 기능을 위해서는 기금의 안정성 및 지속가능성이 확보되어야 하며, 적절한 급여소득을 보장해야 할 것이다. 그러나 가장 대표적 공적연금인 공무원연금은 이미 2001년 재정수지 적자를 기록하였으며, 누적적자폭은 앞으로 더욱 커질 것으로 예상되어 최근 이에 대한 여러 개혁안이 활발히 논의되고 있다. 사학연금 제도는 기본적으로 공무원연금제도를 기초로 하는바, 이러한 국민연금 및 공무원연금 개혁 논의에서 자유롭지 못하다. 뿐만 아니라 한국의 고령화 및 인구구조 추세로 볼 때, 현행제도 하에서는 사학연금 기금 역시 향후 30년 내 기금 고갈이 예상되는 바, 현재의 사학연금 제도가 개선될 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 기존의 사학연금 제도의 문제점을 짚어보고, 이를 개선하기 위한 추계방법 및 개정방안을 제안한다. 이를 위해 사학연금의 장기재정추계를 통한 기금고갈시점 및 재정적자액의 규모를 예측하고, 현재 및 미래의 인구구조를 반영한 수급부담 구조를 비교 분석함으로써, 사학연금의 안정성과 적정성을 유지하기 위한 연금개혁 방안을 논의하고자 한다.