• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2005

Students' alternative concepts of evolution are similar to misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in science history. The aims of this study are to analyze the elementary children's concept in evolution based on science history. Lee (2004)'s two tests were applied to 6th grade to investigate the children's evolution concepts and genetic concepts related to the historical development of the evolution concepts. The test results were analyzed in accordance with 4 stages of science history based on Lee (2004)'s method. These stages are divided to stage 1 (Before Lamarck), stage 2 (Lamarck), stage 3 (Darwin), stage 4 (After Darwin). The major results are as follows. Most of elementary school children are fixed to the stage 2. They usually do not show the consistency of evolution concepts in the three dimensional aspects such as mechanism, time, and subjects. Many children do not have concrete meaning of gene, inheritance, sexual reproduction, mutation and could not connect these concetps and process of evolution. Also, they believe the inheritance of acquired traits and spontaneous generation. Therefore it is confirmed that they still have similar misconcepts and disputes which scientists had in transition time between stage 2 and 3 and most of children already have strong Lamarckian thought acquired from daily life experience before learning about natural selection and evolution.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 2014

A Word is the smallest unit for text analysis, and the premise behind most text-mining algorithms is that the words in given documents can be perfectly recognized. However, the newly coined words, spelling and spacing errors, and domain adaptation problems make it difficult to recognize words correctly. To make matters worse, obtaining a sufficient amount of training data that can be used in any situation is not only unrealistic but also inefficient. Therefore, an automatical word extraction method which does not require a training process is desperately needed. WordRank, the most widely used unsupervised word extraction algorithm for Chinese and Japanese, shows a poor word extraction performance in Korean due to different language structures. In this paper, we first discuss why WordRank has a poor performance in Korean, and propose a customized WordRank algorithm for Korean, named KR-WordRank, by considering its linguistic characteristics and by improving the robustness to noise in text documents. Experiment results show that the performance of KR-WordRank is significantly better than that of the original WordRank in Korean. In addition, it is found that not only can our proposed algorithm extract proper words but also identify candidate keywords for an effective document summarization.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.277-289
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• 2018

The exponential increase in the use of mobile communication has triggered public concerns about the potential adverse effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by mobile phones on the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we explored the relationship between calcium channels and apoptosis or autophagy in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice after RF-EMF exposure with a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 4.0 W/kg for 4 weeks. Firstly, the expression level of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs), a key regulator of the entry of calcium ions into the cell, was confirmed by immunoblots. We investigated and confirmed that pan-calcium channel expression in hippocampal neurons were significantly decreased after exposure to RF-EMF. With the observed accumulation of autolysosomes in hippocampal neurons via TEM, the expressions of autophagy-related genes and proteins (e.g., LC3B-II) had significantly increased. However, down-regulation of the apoptotic pathway may contribute to the decrease in calcium channel expression, and thus lower levels of calcium in hippocampal neurons. These results suggested that exposure of RF-EMF could alter intracellular calcium homeostasis by decreasing calcium channel expression in the hippocampus; presumably by activating the autophagy pathway, while inhibiting apoptotic regulation as an adaptation process for 835 MHz RF-EMF exposure.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2010

Background and Objectives: Cardiff Acne Disability Index(CADI) is one tool used internationally to measure the quality of life of acne sufferers. There, however, is a necessity of developing Korean version of CADI, as the questionnaires of the original one are written in English, making it hard to apply for Korean patients. So as a first step, we conducted a cross-cultural translation of CADI into Korean and verification of face validity. Methods: After properly translating CADI questionnaires into Korean up to guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of health related quality-of-life measures, we conducted a survey with 122 undergraduates to get face validity, using the translated questionnaires. Results: About the translated CADI questionnaires, 86 out of 107 undergraduates replied that they had no difficulty understanding them, while 21 offered ideas about ambiguous expressions of them. Upon further examination of two oriental doctors, two sentences were additionally modified in the translated version. Conclusions: Firstly, we created the Korean version of CADI, one of the most effective methods in the world to measure acne sufferers' quality of life, by properly translated the original version into Korean. Then we conducted a survey for face validity with the translated questionnaires and gathered opinions from those questioned. After going through some examining and correcting procedures based on the opinions, we finalized the Korean version of CADI. It will also require a follow-up verification process to prove credibility and validity of the final version of Korean CADI.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.3
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• pp.173-192
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• 2005

Yoo Youngkuk started his career as an artist when he entered Bunkagakuin of Tokyo in 1935 he actively participated in the Japanese art scene as a young Korean artist until 1943. In his earliest works, Rhapsody and Work B, Surrealist and abstract influences are manifested as these were prevalent in Japan at the time. With the exception of Rhapsody and Work B, all works available that were executed between 1937 and 1940 are abstract, which points to the fact that Yoo intended abstraction from the beginning. Surviving works in relief suggest his early style was founded on the abstractions similar to Russian Avant-Garde, Neo-plasticism and Bauhaus simplicity. His early abstractions were not the ideational images derived in the process of the abstraction of the representational image, but they arose from the constructive attitude in composing the already stylized non-representational geometries. It is worth noting that his early emphasis was on the pure and absolute geometric abstraction, rather than the images motivated from the figurative representation. Yoo differentiates himself from Kim Whan Ki in the following aspects: one, he eliminated the subject matter i.e. human figures and the nature; two, he maintained the constructivist attitude in creating a strict and absolute abstraction; three, he experimented with different styles without combining them. He manifests direct influences from the prevalent Western art influences, such as Futurism and Russian Avant-Garde, unlike Kim who vaguely references. In both paintings and reliefs, Yoo's attempt in the realization of the pictorial depth and space seems cerebral and conceptualized compared with the other artists of the time who resolved abstraction via the constructive dimension. Uemura, a contemporary critic to the geometric abstractions in Japan, disapproves the stylistic bent in the adaptation of the abstract painting without the comprehension of its spiritual movement. As witnessed in other criticisms as well, contemporary Japanese critics' interest lie mainly in the superficial observation such as the presence of representational elements, composition and use of color. Such formal and superficial understanding of the geometric abstraction resulted in

• 한국노년학
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.607-625
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• 2018

This study is on mid-seventies female gamblers who went through Korean modern history. The purpose is to analyze interviews on their life of understanding what their true self is, and to redefine gambling. The concept of 'existential self-regulation' was proposed and the materials were acquired through narrative interviews. The materials were then investigated according to Mandelbaum's framework for analysis of which suggests dimension, turning, and adaptation. The self-narrative revealed that the process of being addicted to gambling is as in the following: compensating her emotional deficiency via money and child's education, getting rid of the emotional deficiency via gambling, becoming free from emotional deficiency. The meaning of gambling has shifted to a comfort to existential vacuum, a source of anxiety ruining life, pastime for boring everyday life. Life events that control the impulse to gamble through 'existential self-knowledge' occurred in the second and the third stage. Based on the results, the study suggests mid-seventies female gamblers to write her autobiography, and proposed the necessity of self-examining programs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.227-240
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• 2019

This study, To find practical problems with the imaging of webtoons, propose their alternatives, and secure the professionalism of research along with 22 field experts including writers, directors, producers, investors and importance survey was carried out with 30 practical experts. There were four major interview areas including the stages of imaging production, investment and support for imaging, difficulties with imaging, and improvement of production methods and systems. Responses were collected from a total of 13 questions. All agreed that the biggest difficulty with imaging was a low level of collaboration, but they had different ideas about an ideal collaboration system. A low level of collaboration was mainly attributed to a shortage of professionals and lack of communication. There should be an effort to bring up such experts in three major areas including professional adaptation writers, professional IP producers, and investment agencies specialized in content.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2018

Polyploidization plays an important role in generating the current high diversity of plants. Studies of the distributional patterns of diploid and derivative polyploid races have provided important insights into the evolutionary process and cryptic speciation by polyploidization within and between closely related taxa defined on the basis of their morphology. Allium thunbergii and A. sacculiferum, occurring throughout eastern Russia, eastern China, Korea, and Japan, are examples of closely related species with unsolved taxonomic relationships. A total of 97 and 65 individuals from 26 and 13 populations of A. thunbergii (including var. thunbergii, var. deltoids, and var. teretifolium) and A. sacculiferum, respectively, were studied to determine their ploidy. The geographic structure and habitat differentiation of the cytotypes were also analyzed. The main cytotype of A. thunbergii was diploid (92.3% in total; the rest were tetraploids). In contrast, the majority of A. sacculiferum plants were tetraploids (69.2% of the total; the rest were diploids). No populations of the studied taxa harbored both cytotypes. Allium thunbergii was more often found at higher elevations than A. sacculiferum, and it tended to occur more frequently on rocky slopes and below forests in mountainous areas. On the other hand, A. sacculiferum occurred at forest margins and in lowland pastures. The cytotypes differed with respect to the elevation; diploids were found more frequently at higher elevations than tetraploids. The results of this study and additional biosystematics data indicate that the morphological characteristics of A. thunbergii and A. sacculiferum may be influenced by polyploidization and by their adaptation to various habitat conditions and that A. thunbergii and A. sacculiferum do not clearly fulfill the requirements of any species concept. Consequently, we propose that A. sacculiferum be considered as an additional synonym of A. thunbergii. Additionally, Allium thunbergii var. deltoides is unified into A. thunbergii var. thunbergii.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.67-72
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• 2019

This paper evaluates the performance of CCA (Compact Constellation Algorithm) adaptive equalization algorithm by varying the step size for minimization of the distortion effect in the communication channel. The CCA combines the conventional DDA and RCA algorithm, it uses the constant modulus of the transmission signal and the considering the output of decision device by the power of compact slice weighting value in order to improving the initial convergence characteristics and the equalization noise by misadjustment in the steady state. In this process, the compact slice weight values were fixed, and the performance of CCA adaptive equalization algorithm was evaluated by the varing the three values of step size for adaptation. As a result of computer simulation, it shows that the smaller step size gives slow convergence speed, but gives excellent performance after at steady state. Especially in SER performance, the small step size gives more robustness that large values.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-67
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• 2018

The purpose of this case study was to examine how a supportive songwriting program could facilitate resilience for adolescents with school maladjustment. Participants included four middle school students with adaptive difficulties. The participants received eight 50-minute sessions of a supportive songwriting program. The program consisted of singing and discussing selected songs, followed by the participants creating their own lyrics about their current adaptation issues. The Resilience Scale for Adolescents was completed by each participant before and after the intervention, and the participants' lyrics were analyzed for how the factors of resilience were reflected in their lyrics. The results showed that all participants' scores on the resilience scale increased. It was also found that the factor on the resilience scale that increased the most for each participant was related to the issues expressed in their lyrics. The results suggest that the process of writing songs can be effective in eliciting adolescents' school related issues and accessing their positive resources, which can lead to behavioral and psychological improvements.