• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 1992

Effects of squalene on cellular and non-specific immune responses and antitumor activity in mice were investigated. Cellular and non-specific immunological assay parameters adopted in the present study were delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and resette forming cells (RFC) for cellular immunity, activities of natural killer (NK) cells and phagocyte for non-specific immunity. Squalene resulted in marked increases of cellular and non-specific immune functions and enhancement of host resistance to tumor challenge in dose-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 1960

본실험의 목적은 탄산기에 방사성동위원소 C14를 표식한 sodium acetate ($CH_3$C14 OONA)를 사용하여 염소의 위내에 존재하는 acetate 의 위벽으로부터의 흡수율과 위의 acetate의 평균함량을 측정하는데 있다. C14 로 표식된 sodium acetate(specific activity 1.35$\times$108 cpm./g.)를 급사 3 시간후의 염소의 위내에 주입하고 주입 2분후부터 약 2분간격으로 위 내용물을 추울하여 column chromatograpy를 이용하여 acetate를 분리정량한 후 그의 specific activity를 측정하였다. 주입후 3 분경까지는 위내에 존재하는 acetate에 의한 표식 acetate의 희석으로 말미암아 specific activity 는 급격히 감소되어 갔고 3 분후부터는 감소도가 비교적 완만하였으나 역시 계속적으로 감소되어갔다. 희석완료후의 이 specific activity 감소는 위벽을 통한 acetate를 흡수와 위 내용물로부터의 acetate 생성으로 인한 것으로서, 이 감소율로부터 acetate의 위벽흡수속도를 추정할 수 있다. 상기 specific activity의 감소 graph 로부터 추정된 위내 acetate의 량은 본실험의 제조건하에서 약 30 g이었으며 위내 acetate 의 specific activity가 1/2 로 감소되는데 요하는 평균 시간은 약 4 분이었다. 이는 위내에 존재하는 acetate량의 약 절반은 4 분동안에 위벽을 통과함을 의미한다.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.22-25
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• 2018

Radiopharmaceuticals are used for diagnosis or therapy of diseases. According to the recent consensus nomenclature rules for radiopharmaceutical chemistry, specific activity is defined as the radioactivity per gram of radiolabeled compound and molar activity as the radioactivity per mole of radiolabeled compound. In this review, molar activity of radiopharmaceuticals is discussed in terms of its significance in nuclear imaging as well as its measurement methods.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.580-583
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• 2007

Phytase activity was examined with various bifidobacterial strains cultured statically in MRS broth at $37^{\circ}C$ for 48 hr. Seven Bifidobacterium species showed mostly an intracellular phytase activity, though their specific activities were very low. The highest specific activity was found in Bifidobacterium animalis B33 strain, among 7 bifidobacteria tested. The specific activity was highest during the exponential growth phase. Carbohydrates and the concentration of phosphorus sources had an effect on the phytase activity and bacterial growth. Glucose was the most favorable carbohydrate for the phytase activity. Phytate inhibited the cell growth, and phytase activity decreased with increase of phytate concentration. The phytase activity was even higher in the static microaerophilic growth than that in anaerobic state, despite the stimulated growth in anaerobic growth. The optimal pH ranges were comparatively broad, but the optimal temperatures were $50^{\circ}C$ for all tested strains. The phytase activity was most active at pH 6.5 and $50^{\circ}C$ for B. animalis B33 strain.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.36-42
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• 2019

[Purpose] The study aimed to determine the effects of bone-specific physical activity on body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women. [Methods] One hundred eighty-six middle-aged women aged 31-49 years participated in this study. The subjects were divided into tertile groups according to the level of physical activity (low-score group, n=62; middle-score group, n=62; high-score group, n=62). Bone-specific physical activity participation was assessed using the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire. Body composition and BMD were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Health-related physical fitness test included isometric muscle strength (grip strength), muscular endurance (sit-ups), flexibility (sit and reach), and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VO_2max]). [Results] The high-score group had a significantly higher fat-free mass (p=.045, partial eta-squared value[η_p²]=.033) than the middle- and low-score groups, whereas the high-score group had significantly lower percent body fat (p=.005, η_p²=.056) than the other two groups. Whole-body BMD (p=.034, η_p²=.036) and lumbar BMD (p=.003, η_p²=.060) were significantly higher in the high-score group than in the low-score group. The high-score group performed significantly better for grip strength (p=.0001, η_p²=.101), sit-ups (p=.0001, η_p²=.108), and VO_2max (p=.0001, η_p²=.092) than the other two groups. [Conclusion] The present study suggests that bone-specific physical activity could be useful in improving body composition, BMD, and health-related physical fitness in middle-aged women, significantly enhancing their BMD and health conditions.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.1
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• pp.141-150
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• 1983

This report decribes the changes of internal browning and PPO in apples, when the method of storage was changed in the condition of low temperature. Internal browning was found more Fuji harvested in November than Fuji in October. The degree of internal browning was the highest during the storage of 0.09mm 2% and 0.06mm 2%, 0.06mm 20% was followed. In the subatmospheric storage with complete remove of $CO_2$ internal browning was not observed. During the storage of P.E. film bag, Fuji havested in November was higher than in October, and Fuji on 0.09mm 2% was higher than in 0.06mm, and Fuji during the storage of P.E. film bag was increased in PPO activity and PPO specific activity. During the subatmospheric storage with complete remove of $CO_2$, PPO activity of Fuji was little changed, but it's PPO specific activity was continuously decreased. PPO activity of Ralls was more higher than PPO activity of Fuji. PPO activity and PPO specific activity during the early stage of storage and the end stage of storage were little changed. Internal browning of Fuji was more effected $CO_2$ injury than chilling injury. There is no relation between internal browning and degree of PPO activity was effected by $CO_2$ and slightly related with internal browning.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2013

Objectives: This article intends to explore the major documents about inter-sectoral collaboration for physical activity promotion based on new paradigm. Methods: In addition to the documents after 1990s collected through several physical activity related projects of author, additional snowballing exploration has been done. Results: Globally extensive participation of stake-holders and partnership developed were strategically recommended and implementation strategy and good example were provided. In Europe individual, micro-environmental and macro-environmental specific role of major sectors were provided. Nationally series of Australian documents officialized inter-sectoral linkages from early times and Slovenian program showed examples of inter-sectoral evaluation and health indicators. U.S. national physical activity plan showed specific example of 6 guiding principles and 5 overarching strategies among 8 sectors for good inter-sectoral collaboration. In city level, healthy city approach activated. Conclusions: Various specific good examples of intersectoral physical activity collaboration could searched globally, regionally and nationally for application in Korea.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.43-57
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• 2019

Recreation specialization and consumptive orientation are two important constructs to understand anglers' attitudes and behaviors. Although theoretical explanations and previous studies in different countries addressed the relationships between the two constructs, limited support has been provided in a context of anglers in Korea. This study developed a conceptual model explaining the causal relationships between recreation specialization, anglers' preferences (activity-specific and activity-general) and consumptive orientation. An on-site survey was conducted to anglers in the city of Busan and Gyeongnam province in 2018. A total of 614 data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling The study results showed that recreation specialization positively and indirectly influenced consumptive orientation via anglers' activity-specific and activity-general preferences. Theoretical and practical implications are further discussed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.418-428
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• 2023

This study was conducted to clarify the daily activity patterns overlap between hikers and mammals from 2015 to 2019 in the Baekdudaegan protected area. To investigate relationship behaviors between hikers and mammals, we set the camera traps on the ridge of the Baekdudaegan protected area. Daily activity patterns of yellow-throated marten (Martes flavigula) and Siberian chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus) were highly overlapped with hiker total study periods. Moreover, daily activity patterns of Siberian roe deer (Caperohus pygargus) and water deer (Hydropotes inermis) were highly overlapped with hikers only in spring. In winter, daily activity patterns of wild boar (Sus scrofa) were overlapped with hikers. However, leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and Eurasian badger (Meles leucurus) did not significantly overlap with hikers during the study periods. The daily activity patterns of 8 mammals differed by species-specific behavior and temporal characteristics. Overlap of daily activity patterns between mammals and hikers were differed in each season. Differences in daily activity pattern overlap between mammals and humans may lead to differences in human impact on mammal populations. Information on the interaction between hikers and mammals on species-specific and temporal-specific behavior could be basic ecological data for management and conservation of mammal populations and their habitats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

To set the estimated energy requirement (EER) in Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRI), we need the coefficient by physical activity stage, as determined by the physical activity level(PAL). Thus, there has been demand for a tool to calculate PAL based on the physical activity diary. This study was undertaken to develop a physical activity (PA) classification table for Koreans, using the 2011 Compendium of physical activities in the United States. The PA classification table for Koreans contains 262 codes, and values of the metabolic equivalent of task (MET) for specific activities. Of these, 243 PAs which do not have Korean specific data or information, were selected from the 2011 Compendium of PAs that originated in the United States; another 19 PAs were selected from the previous research data of Koreans. The PA classification table is codified to facilitate the selection of energy values corresponding to each PA. The code for each PA consists of a single letter alphabet (activity category) and four numeric codes that display the activity type (2 digit number), activity intensity (1 digit number), and specific activities (1 digit number). In addition, the intensity (sedentary behavior, low, middle and high) of specific PA and its rate of energy expenditure in MET are presented together. The activity categories are divided into 4 areas: Daily Activity (A), Movement (B), Occupation (C), and Exercise and Sports (D). The developed PA classification table can be applied to quantify the energy cost of PA for adults in research or practice, and to assess energy expenditure and physical activity levels based on self-reported PA.