• BMB Reports
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2008

In the present study, we demonstrate that ephrin-A5 is able to induce a transient increase of MAP kinase activity in PC12 cells. However, the effects of ephrin-A5 on the MAP kinase signaling pathway are about three-fold less than that of EGF. In addition, we demonstrate that EphA4 is the only Eph member expressed in PC12 cells, and that tyrosine phosphorylation induced by ephrin-A5 treatment is consistent with the magnitude and longevity of MAP kinase activation. Experiments using the Ras dominant negative mutant N17Ras reveal that Ras plays a pivotal role in ephrin-A5-induced MAP kinase activation in PC12 cells. Importantly, we found that the EphA4 receptor is rapidly internalized by endocytosis upon engagement of ephrin-A5, leading to a subsequent reduction in the MAP kinase activation. Together, these data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism of differential Ras-MAP kinase signaling kineticsexhibited by the forward signaling of EphA4 in PC12 cells.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2012

This study was conducted in order to identify the relationship between the home literacy activities, mothers' verbal behavior, toddler-mother joint attention and the language-cognitive development of toddlers. The language-cognitive development of toddlers was assessed by means of the Mental Scale from the Korean Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (K-BSID-II). The home literacy activities were measured by means of the questionnaire used by You (2009), which was partly modified from Shapiro (1979). Lee & Kim (2004)'s categories was used to observe the mothers' verbal behaviors during shared book reading; joint attention episodes were observed by classification categories for engagement condition (Bakeman & Adamson, 1984). One of the more important conclusions of this study is our suggestion that mothers' verbal behaviors and the toddler-mother coordinated joint attention were significantly related to the language-cognitive development of toddlers as it takes place within low-income families.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.526-543
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore how public health nurses (PHNs) perceive their roles and duties (R&D), as well as to investigate the change of their R&D, how they manage and solve problems. Methods: The data were collected through focus group interviews. Data were analyzed using Morgan (1998) and Krueger (1998)'s four step analysis. A total of 17 experienced PHNs participated in this study. Results: The results found 5 themes and 19 sub-themes: R&D of health managers and health service providers, factors affecting the changes of PHN's R&D, R&D in adjusting with trends and expanding work field (R&D being reduced, increasing R&D, need to expand R&D), problem with the structure and quality of workforce (lack of nurse manpower, lack of promotion opportunities, increasing non-regular workers, lack of refinement as an expert), and strategies for solving personnel issues (strengthening the job capacity, cultivating professional refinement, strengthening outside activities and political activities, strengthening the roles of PHN-related associations and academy, engagement policy of non-regular workers, expansion of the activity area) Conclusion: PHNs need to recognize their changing R&D and ways they manage and solve problems to enhance their professionalism.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.101-126
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate current practices in blended instruction. In particular, the study explored (1) the types of instructional delivery methods, technologies, and instructional components, (2) the reasons why faculty apply blend instruction, and (3) the advantages and challenges in delivering blended instruction. This study focused on the practices in the Universities that have the extensive doctoral research programs classified by the Carnegie Foundations. The survey was performed with the sample of faculty from 30 universities and the survey data included 133 faculties out of the total 1,000 randomly selected faculty members. Of the 133 responses, 111 (77.7%) participants had certain degree of experience, while 17 faculty (or instructors) (13.3%) did not have any practice with blended instruction. The most common instructional delivery format in the participating universities was blended instruction that added supplementary online instructional components in the class. Online Course Management Systems (CMS) and multimedia presentation tools were common technology for course delivery, and "discussion" was the most general instructional activity for the class. The participating faculty often preferred the blended format since it provides students and faculty with convenience, flexibility, active engagement, efficiency in using resource materials, and a feeling of connection between/among students and instructor. Benefits to the class were availability of more authentic experience and diverse curricular materials, and the instructional format that meets the needs of remediation and enhancement of students. This study addressed not only advantages and challenges of blended instruction, but also suggestions based on the comments by the participating faculty.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.359-379
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 국내 대학도서관이 이용자를 위한 수업 및 학습활동 지원을 강화할 수 있는 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위하여, 전국 대학도서관의 발전계획서를 수집하고 발전계획서에 나타난 수업 및 학습 활동 지원 계획을 분석하였다. 연구의 결과, 가장 많은 도서관들이 '학습자료 확충'을 중시하여 발전계획서에서 추진계획을 밝힌 것으로 나타났다. 다음으로 '독서교육 및 독서프로그램 확대', '전자자료 확충', '특성화자료 확충' 순으로 실행계획을 제시하였다. 이 연구는 대학도서관의 수업 및 학습활동 지원 강화 방안으로 '수용자 중심의 장서개발 및 학습자료 확충', '빅데이터를 활용한 도서관 서비스 활성화', '장애인 및 외국인 학생을 위한 포용서비스 확대'를 제시하였다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to figure out the association of nursing activity participation and clinical practice stress with career maturity during clinical practice among nursing college students. Methods: Participants of the study were 201 nursing college students located in nationwide regions. Data collection was performed between July 18 and August 8, 2019. Data analyses were performed through an independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS WIN 25.0. Results: The results of this study were as follows. We ran multiple regression analyses to see which critical factors influenced career maturity. The general characteristics significantly associated with career maturity were preference for clinical nursing, admission to nursing college due to belief, time off, and being satisfied with clinical practice. Regarding clinical practice stress, clinic environment, interpersonal relationship conflict, inappropriate role model and conflict with patients were significantly associated with career maturity. Conclusion: This study suggested that, to improve nursing students' career maturity, nursing colleges and training fields should collaboratively make an efforts to reduce students' stress by building educational clinic environments including managing conflicts in interpersonal relationships among patients, caregivers, and medical and non-medical personnel, and improving inappropriate role models in nursing.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2021

서론 : 본 연구는 대상자의 신체기능과 활동 및 참여를 위해 다양한 치료적 중재를 실시하는 작업치료 분야에 몰입경험 이론의 소개를 목적으로 한다. 본론 : 작업치료 영역에서의 몰입경험 이해를 위해 국내·외 문헌고찰을 통한 몰입경험의 개념과 특징, 단계와 뇌과학적 특성, 측정방법 및 관련 연구들을 정리하였다. 작업치료에서 대상자의 몰입경험은 '시간이 흐르는 것을 잊으면서 하고 있는 치료 활동에 완전하게 빠져드는 심리적 상태'로 정의할 수 있다. 대상자는 과제에 대한 명확한 목표를 인식하며, 도전과 기술 수준이 높은 상태로 균형을 이룰 때에 몰입을 경험하게 된다. 선행 연구에서 몰입을 경험한 대상자는 주의 및 집중, 집행 기능, 상지기능, 일상생활활동 수행 증진과 긍정적인 경험에 긍정적 변화가 있음을 확인하였다. 결론 : 국내 작업치료 영역에서 다양한 치료적 중재에 대상자의 몰입경험이 고려된다면 치료 결과의 효과는 보다 촉진될 것이라 생각되어진다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.155-170
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 첫째, 한국노인과 캐나다노인의 생산활동참여수준을 비교,분석하는 것이고, 둘째, 한국노인과 캐나다노인의 생산활동참여와 관계가 있는 요소들을 규명, 비교하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 비교문화적 연구를 위해 두 가지 자료가 사용되었다: 하나는 한국통계청의 1999년 생활시간조사 자료이고, 또 하나는 캐나다통계청의 시간사용조사 자료이다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 55세 이상 84세 이하의 총 17,730명의 한국노인과 2,729명의 캐나다노인의 자료가 분석에 사용되었다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 일반적인 생산활동수준 측면에서 볼 때, 한국노인의 총활동시간이 캐나다노인보다 하루 2시간 정도 더 많았으며, 활동유형별로 나누어 보면, 유급활동시간은 한국노인이 더 많았고, 무급활동시간은 캐나다노인이 더 많았다. 둘째, 본 연구에서 사용된 독립변수 중 가장 강력한 예측변수는 은퇴여부였다. 한국노인의 무급활동시간과의 관계를 제외하고는 모든 표본 집단에서 유의한 관계를 보였는데, 전체적으로 은퇴한 노인들의 무급활동시간은 증가하였고, 무급활동시간은 감소하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 국적과 성별을 불문하고 노인들이 여전히 생산활동에 종사하고 있음을 나타내고 있으며, 이는 특히 활동의 정의가 무급활동을 포함하는 범위까지 확대되는 경우에 그러하다. 즉 유급활동의 끝이 생산적인 삶의 끝은 아님을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.750-758
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• 2022

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transitional condition between normality and dementia. Ginseng is known to have effects on attenuating cognitive deficits in neurogenerative diseases. Ginsenosides are the main bioactive component of ginseng, and their protein targets have not been fully understood. Furthermore, no thorough analysis is reported in ginsenoside-related protein targets in MCI. Methods: The candidate protein targets of ginsenosides in brain tissues were identified by drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) coupled with label-free liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Network pharmacology approach was used to collect the therapeutic targets for MCI. Based on the above-mentioned overlapping targets, we built up a proteineprotein interaction (PPI) network in STRING database and conducted gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Finally, we assessed the effects of ginseng total saponins (GTS) and different ginsenosides on mitochondrial function by measuring the activity of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and performing molecular docking. Results: We screened 2526 MCI-related protein targets by databases and 349 ginsenoside-related protein targets by DARTS. On the basis of these 81 overlapping genes, enrichment analysis showed the mitochondria played an important role in GTS-mediated MCI pharmacological process. Mitochondrial function analysis showed GTS, protopanaxatriol (PPT), and Rd increased the activities of complex I in a dose-dependent manner. Molecular docking also predicted the docking pockets between PPT or Rd and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. Conclusion: This study indicated that ginsenosides might alleviate MCI by targeting respiratory chain complex I and regulating mitochondrial function, supporting ginseng's therapeutic application in cognitive deficits.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-35
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• 2001

Many teachers report familiarity with and adherence to reform ideas, but their actual teaching practices do not reflect a deep understanding of reform. Given the challenges in implementing reform, this study intended to explore the breakdown that may occur between teachers' adoption of reform objectives and their successful incorporation of reform ideals. To this end, this study compared and contrasted the classroom social norms and sociomathematical norms of two United States second-grade teachers who aspired to implement reform. This study is an exploratory, qualitative, comparative case study. This study uses the grounded theory methodology based on the constant comparative analysis for which the primary data sources were classroom video recordings and transcripts. The two classrooms established similar social norms including an open and permissive learning environment, stressing group cooperation, employing enjoyable activity formats for students, and orchestrating individual or small group session followed by whole group discussion. Despite these similar social participation structures, the two classes were remarkably different in terms of sociomathematical norms. In one class, the students were involved in mathematical processes by which being accurate or automatic was evaluated as a more important contribution to the classroom community than being insightful or creative. In the other class, the students were continually engaged in significant mathematical processes by which they could develop an appreciation of characteristically mathematical ways of thinking, communi-eating, arguing, proving, and valuing. It was apparent from this study that sociomathematical norms are an important construct reflecting the quality of students' mathematical engagement and anticipating their conceptual learning opportunities. A re-theorization of sociomathematical norms was offered so as to highlight the importance of this construct in the analysis of reform-oriented classrooms.