• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.455-467
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of Korean women nurses in the independence movement and to examine their activities during the Japanese occupation from 1910 to 1945. Methods: Nurses studied were women nurses referred to as Ganhowon, Ganhobu, Gyeonseupganhobu, Sanpa, and Josanbu at that time. Five participants such as descendents or relatives of nurses who participated in independence movements, were selected for interview to provide oral historical materials. An historical research approach was used and all of the data were analyzed according to period, region, and pattern of the independence movement. Results: Throughout the historical literature and oral historical materials, it was found that from 1914 to 1945, thirty-eight women nurses actively participated in various types of independence activities such as mass hurrah demonstrations, raise the spirit of war, red cross activities, enlightenment movement and armed struggle to encourage the public to stand up against Japanese imperialism locally and abroad. Conclusion: The findings indicate that women nurses, as enlightened women, endeavored to solve social issues with their autonomous volition, and these action can serve as meaningful evidence for enhancing the social status of nurses.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.18
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• pp.87-95
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• 1998

Cracking is considered to be one of the important factors in determining the durability of reinforced concrete structures. When the bending stress exceeds the modulus of rupture of the concrete, cracking form along the length of members. The total load is transferred across these cracks by the reinforcement, but the concrete between cracks is still capable of carrying stresses due to the bond between steel and concrete. This phenomenon is called the tension stiffening effect. The tension stiffening effect is affected by many variables, such as the bond stress, strength of concrete, interrocking of aggregate, type of steel, and dowel action of steel. Also, this tension stiffening effect is usually quite significant in beams under service loading, and must be taken into account in the calculation of deflection and crack widths. In this study, the experiment was carried out on types of specimen, strength of concrete, and steel ratio and finite element analysis were compared in terms of load-deflection relationship, crack pattern.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 2011

Gelled propellants are non-Newtonian fluids in which the viscosity is a function of the shear rate, and they have a high dynamic shear viscosity which depends on the amount of gelling agent contents. The present study has focused on the breakup process, wave development of ligament and liquid sheets formed by impinging jets with various gelling agent contents. The breakup process of like-on-like doublet impinging jets are experimentally characterized using non-Newtonian liquids. The spray shape with elliptical pattern is distributed in a perpendicular direction to the momentum vectors of the jets. Gelled propellant simulants with high viscosity jets are more stable and produce less pronounced surface waves than low viscosity jets. Gelled propellant simulants from like-on-like doublet impinging jets have the spray shape of closed rim patterns at low pressure. As the injection pressure increased, rimless patterns which were composed of ligament sheets and small droplets emerged due to the effect of the aerodynamic action.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.247-264
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• 1996

The objective of this study was to analyze the reality of the program development process in detail accomplished by the organizations of extension education in through the hermeneutical approach. To achieve this purpose, this study tried to find answers to the following three questions : (1) how the organization of extension education develop their programs for farmers? (2) what is the programmers' awareness to the process of program development? and what is the reason for their thought and action to do so. (3) can be discussed integrally the findings for drawing some implications? The qualitative data were mainly gathered through participation observation and unstructured interview. And the qualitative data were analyzed by (1) noting pattern and themes, (2) seeing plausibility, (3) clustering, (4) making metaphors, (5) factoring, and (6) building a logical chain of evidence which hermeneutical techniques far drawing the meaning from the gathered data. The findings of this study were as follows: The programmers of this organization carried out the developing program in the technical training division at the national level and the section of fostering farm manager at the county level for the purpose of delivering the agricultural new technology and the agricultural policy. The term used formly in this organization was `curriculum development for former', and the reality of program was `instruction profile` which signified the set of the educational manin contents. At county level, Educational planning was stressed on the implement of educational administration.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.16-22
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• 2014

Automotive NVH on brake operation is mainly caused by a coupling action of vehicle speed and inter parts friction and its frequency occurs over a broad band of 0.1 kHz~10 kHz. Especially, squeal noise, being a self-excited vibration generated by friction force between drum and lining, occurs over 1 kHz and consequently dynamic instability is induced when friction energy is applied to a brake vibration system. The squeal strongly depends on nonlinear properties influenced by the material of lining, velocity of vehicle, and the dynamic properties of a brake system. The dynamic properties are considered as a main influential design factor to squeal noise, however the analysis of the properties are rarely facilitated due to arbitrariness of shape by wearing down. In this paper, we research generating tendency of squeal noise through complex eigenvalue analysis, tracking drum brake's unstable modes in accordance with the wear shape of drum and lining such as tapered and bellmouth shape, and analyze computed unstable modes by variable shapes.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

In recent decades, the study of human brain function has dramatically increased thanks to the advent of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. This is a powerful tool which provides a deep view of the activities of the brain. From fMRI data, the neuroscientists analyze which parts of the brain have responsibility for a particular action and finding the common pattern representing each state involved in these tasks. This is one of the most challenges in neuroscience area because of noisy, sparsity of data as well as the differences of anatomical brain structure of each person. In this paper, we propose the use of appropriate discriminant methods, such as Fisher Discriminant Ratio and hypothesis testing, together with strong boosting ability of Adaboost classifier. We prove that discriminant methods are effective in classifying cognitive states. The experiment results show significant better accuracy than previous works. We also show that it is possible to train a successful classifier without prior anatomical knowledge and use only a small number of features.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2020

Forecasting of coming fire accidents is quite a challenging problem cause normally fire accidents occur for a variety of reasons and seem randomness. However, if fire accidents that cause critical losses can be forecasted, it can expect to minimize losses through preemptive action. Classifications using machine learning were determined as appropriate classification criteria for the forecasting cause it classified as a constant damage scale and proportion. In addition, the analysis of the periodicity of a critical fire accident showed a certain pattern, but showed a high deviation. So it seems possible to forecast critical fire accidents using advanced prediction techniques rather than simple prediction techniques.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.242-248
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• 1999

Diazepam, a benzodiazepine (BDZ) agonist, produces sedation and flumazenil, a BDZ antagonist, blocks these actions. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of BDZs on cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) in rats. The recording electrodes were implanted over the frontal and parietal cortices bilaterally, and the reference and ground electrodes over cerebellum under ketamine anesthesia. To assess the effects of diazepam and flumazenil, rats were injected with diazepam (1 mgHg, i.p.) and/or flumazenil ( 1 mg/kg, i.p.), and the EEG was recorded before and after drugs. Normal awake had theta peak in the spectrum and low amplitude waves, while normal sleep showed large amplitude of slow waves. The powers of delta, theta and alpha bands were increased during sleep compared with during awake. Diazepam reduced the mobility of the rat and induced sleep with intermittent fast spindles and large amplitude of slow activity, and it produced broad peak over betaL band and increased the power of gamma band, which were different from EEG patterns in normal sleep. Saline injection awakened rats and abolished fast spindles for a short period about 2-5 min from EEG pattern during diazepam-induced sleep. Flumazenil blocked both diazepam-induced sleep and decreased the slow activities of delta, theta, alpha and betaL, but not of gamma activity for about 10 min or more. This study may indicate that decrease in power of betaL and betaH bands can be used as the measure of central action of benzodiazepines, and that the EEG parameters of benzodiazepines have to be measured without control over the behavioral state by experimenter.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.156-159
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• 2001

Miller Fisher syndrome(MFS) has been the focus of conflicting opinions regarding the peripheral versus the central nature of the site of major neural injury. We present our electrophysiological findings in one case of MFS to help clarify the pattern of peripheral nerve injury in this syndrome. A 45-year-old man visited our hospital due to sudden diplopia. Initial examination revealed internuclear opthalmoplegia. The next day, his symptoms rapidly aggravated to complete external ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia with hand and foot numbness. Serial electrophysiological studies were performed. The results of brainstem evoked potential(BAEP) and blink reflex were normal in the serial studies. Motor and sensory nerve conduction study(NCS) were normal findings in second hospital day, but ulnar sensory nerve shows no sensory nerve action potential(SNAP) and sural sensory conduction velocity was delayed in 7th hospital day. Our patient's clinical presentation began to improve on 15th hospital day, and his electrophysiologic study showed improvement on 29th hospital day. We believe that all the manifestations of MFS can be explained by the involvement of peripheral nerves without brainstem or cerebellar lesion with the serial electrophysiological studies.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.540-552
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• 2019

To determine the chemopreventive potential of alyssin and iberin, the in vitro anticancer activities and molecular targets of isothiocyanates (ITCs) were measured and compared to sulforaphane in hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2. The SR-FTIR spectra observed a similar pattern vis-a-vis the biomolecular alteration amongst the ITCs-treated cells suggesting a similar mode of action. All of the ITCs in this study cause cancer cell death through both apoptosis and necrosis in concentration dependent manner ($20-80{\mu}M$). We found no interactions of any of the ITCs studied with DNA. Notwithstanding, all of the ITCs studied increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and suppressed tubulin polymerization, which led to cell-cycle arrest in the S and $G_2/M$ phase. Alyssin possessed the most potent anticancer ability; possibly due to its ability to increase intracellular ROS rather than tubulin depolymerization. Nevertheless, the structural influence of alkyl chain length on anticancer capabilities of ITCs remains inconclusive. The results of this study indicate an optional, potent ITC (viz., alyssin) because of its underlying mechanisms against hepatic cancer. As a consequence, further selection and development of effective chemotherapeutic ITCs is recommended.