• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

UV-protection skin whitening and immune activities several parts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum were investigated. The bark of both Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher yields than other parts as 2.67% and 2.45%. The cytotoxicity of the extracts were lower than 21.64% against human skin cell(CCD-986sk) line in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the highest concentration. The bark extracts of Acer mono greatly reduced the expression of MMP-1 on UV-irradiated CCD-986sk cells down to as 30%. At 1.0 mg/mL of bark extration of Acer mono, $PGE_2$ expression was also significantly decreased. Generally, the bark extracts of Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had higher activity than other parts, but, interestingly, wood extract of Acer okamotoanum showed strong inhibition effect on melanin production by Clone-M3 cells as 79.25%. From these results, we could conclude that the bark extract from Acer mono and Acer okamotoanum had skin-whitening activity as well immune enhancement activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.407-411
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• 2009

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum were compared after being extracted by low temperature and high pressure (LTHP) at 20 MPa and $60^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes. Extraction yield of both A. mono and A. okamotoanum was increased about 40~43% by this extraction process. On scavenging activities, the bark of A. okamotoanum from this extraction process showed the highest activity as about 97%. This value was higher than that from conventional water extraction and A. mono extracts. Both of A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to increasing of pH. On SOD-like test, A. okamotoanum had the highest activity as 46.28% at $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. A. okamotoanum extracted by LTHP also showed the highest activity as 197.38% in adding $1.0\;mg/m{\ell}$ concentration. Generally, the extracts from low temperature and high pressure extraction process are higher hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities than that from conventional water extraction. It can conclude that the bark of A. okamotoanum has better biological activities than other parts of A. mono.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity according to parts of the Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. Most extracts showed high scavenging activities on DPPH. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed higher activity as 98.4% than the control, BHA as 96.5%. A. mono and A. okamotoanum showed high ability on nitrite scavenging, but decreasing tendency according to decreasing of pH. On SOD-like test, the wood of A. okamotoanum showed highest activity as 35.4% at 1.0mg/ml concentration. Also, the extracts obtained high activity on GST test. Therefore, the water extracts from the bark of A. mono and A. okamotoanum have relatively good antioxidant activity and GST activity. Especially, the bark of A. okamotoanum showed the highest activity on all of extracts, could be the use of functional foods and biomaterials.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.138-146
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• 1998

Ten plots were established to study the vegetation structure of the Songinbong virgin forest in Ullungdo. It was classified into three communities Fagus crenata var. multinervis commnunity, Acer okamotoanum-Fagus crenata var. multinervis community, and Acer okamotoanum community. Shannon's diversity indicies of this area were not high(0.5150~0.8437), due to the geographical and vegetational characteristics. Considering the community structure(importance value, distribution of DBH class, and so on), the vegetation of the Songinbong virgin forest are thought to be stable continuously. With the analysis of plant growth type, it was presumed that Acer okamotoanum have increased after artificial disturbances in this area where Fagus crenata var. multinervis had been dominanat.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2004

The collecting amount by DBH class and contents of mineral and free sugar in the sap of Acer okamotoanum Nakai being autogenous in Ullungdo were investigated. The total amount of sap was 376 l Sap of A. okamotoanum were increased with increasing DBH, 67 l (18%), 121 l (32%) and 188 l (50%) from small (below 18 cm), middle $(20{\sim}28\;cm)$ and large (above 30cm) diameter tree, respectively. Amounts of sap was required by big temperature fluctuation in day and night. The contents of solid, ash and sugar were 3.04%, 0.06% and 3.06% in the sap of A. okamotoanum. Free sugar determined in the sap was sucrose with 30.6 g/l, but glucose, fructose and maltose were not detected. The sap of A. okamotoanum was composed of seven kinds of mineral. The prominent minerals in the sap were Ca and K, and the concentrations of Ca and K were 522 mg/l and 309 mg/l, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1645-1653
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• 2018

The genus Acer contains several species with various bioactivities including antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory properties. However, Acer okamotoanum Nakai, one species within this genus has not been fully studied yet. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-adipogenic activities of leaf extract from A. okamotoanum Nakai (LEAO) on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Adipogenesis is one of the cell differentiation processes, which converts preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nowadays, inhibition of adipogenesis is considered as an effective strategy in the field of anti-obesity research. In this study, we observed that LEAO decreased the accumulation of lipid droplets during adipogenesis and down-regulated the expression of key adipogenic transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ (PPAR ${\gamma}$) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ${\alpha}$ (C/EBP ${\alpha}$). In addition, LEAO inactivated PI3K/Akt signaling and its downstream factors that promote adipogenesis by inducing the expression of PPAR ${\gamma}$. LEAO also activated ${\beta}$-catenin signaling, which prevents the adipogenic program by suppressing the expression of PPAR ${\gamma}$. Therefore, we found that treatment with LEAO is effective for attenuating adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Consequently, these findings suggest that LEAO has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for preventing obesity.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

Vegetation structure and soil condition were analyzed to provide information for effective management of Acer okamotoanum community. Importance value of A. okamotoanum in upper layer was highest as 120.7, and that of Camellia japonica in middle and lower layer was highest as 61.8 and 15.7, while those of A. okamotoanum were 37.5 and 2.6, respectively. Taxus cuspidata var. latifolia which was designated as vulnerable species by Korea National Arboretum began its existence in lower layer. Species diversity and evenness were 0.674 and 0.706 in upper layer, 0.947 and 0.805 in middle layer, and 1.312 and 0.938 in lower layer, respectively. Soil pH of A. okamotoanum community was 5.79. The contents of organic matter, total N, and available $P_2O_5$ were 7.2%, 0.33%, and 51.1ppm, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.761-767
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• 2018

Degenerative diseases are commonly associated with excess free radicals. Acer okamotoanum, a plant endemic to Korea, is reported to have anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-viral activities. We previously isolated flavonoids from the ethyl acetate fraction of A. okamotoanum such as quercitrin (QU), isoquercitrin (IQ), and afzelin (AF). In the present study, the in vitro antioxidant activity of flavonoids such as QU, IQ, and AF isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of A. okamotoanum were investigated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical ($^{\cdot}OH$), and superoxide anion ($O_2{^-}$). The flavonoids (QU, IQ, and AF) concentration-dependently showed a DPPH radical scavenging activity. In particular, QU and IQ showed a higher DPPH radical scavenging activity than that of AF. In addition, the flavonoids (QU, IQ, and AF) at $10{\mu}g/mL$ showed over an 80% scavenging effect against $^{\cdot}OH$ radical production. Furthermore, the $O_2{^-}$ radical scavenging activity of the flavonoids, QU, IQ, and AF increased in a dose-dependent manner. Particularly, IQ exerted the strongest scavenging activities against $^{\cdot}OH$ and $O_2{^-}$ radicals among the other flavonoids. These results indicate that the flavonoids from A. okamotoanum, in particular IQ, would have a protective activity against oxidative stress induced by free radicals, and potentially be considered as a natural antioxidant agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.77-81
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• 2006

As a result of cytotoxic compounds against cancer cell lines from natural sources, senven compounds were isolated from the leaf and twig of Acer okamotoanum Nakai. The compounds (1-7) were identified as ethyl gallate (1), methyl gallate (2), gallic acid (3), trans $resveratrol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (4), acertannin (5), nikoenoside (6), and fraxin (7) by physicochemical and spectroscopic data (including mp, UV, IR, MS, $^1H-NMR,\;^{13}C-NMR$, DEPT, and HMBC) in comparison with those of published papers. All the compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activity against L1210, HL-60, K562, and B16F10 cancer cell lines in vitro by MTT assay method. Compounds 1-3 and 5 showed cytotoxic activity against all tested cell lines with $IC_{50}$ values ranged from 12.5 to $72.2\;{\mu}M$. Of the compounds, methyl gallate (2) exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against L1210, HL-60, K562, and B16F10 tumor cells with $IC_{50}$ values of 12.5, 48.3, 22.8, and $22.8\;{\mu}M$, respectively. Other compounds did not show any cytotoxic activity against four cancer cell lines.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.4
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• pp.399-408
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• 2009

We investigated the improvement of immuno-modulatory activities of sap of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum encapsulated with edible polymers. Anticancer activities and immune activities such as human B and T cell growth, secretion of cytokines and natural killer cell growth were observed. Both human immune B and T cells were increased up to 30~50% by the addition of nano particle sap of Acer mono and A. okamotoanum. The secretion of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) from human immune B and T cells were also significantly increased compare to the control. Natural Killer (NK) cell growth was enhanced to $19.4{\times}10^5$ cells/mL in adding nano encapsulated sap of A.okamotoanum. The cytotoxicity of the sample on normal human lung cell (HEL299) was below 19.8% in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the nano particle sap of A. okamotoanum. Generally, the growth of all three human lung adenocarcinoma, human stomach adenocarcinoma and human liver adenocarcinama was inhibited up to 85% in adding 1.0 mg/mL of the encapsulated sap. Interestingly enough, the encapsulated sap was completely penetrated into human cancer cells within 30 min after addition. It showed that the encapsulation of the sap definitely increased its biological activities, which can expand its use to wide range of food industries.