• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.204-210
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• 2006

The purple color in flesh of 'Jasim' potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers is due to an accumulation of anthocyanin. The experiment was conducted to determine what is the key factor among cultural environments that affect the accumulation of anthocyanin in 'Jasim' potato tubers, and the effect of nitrogen fertilization levels on that. Through analysis of anthocyanin content of purple-fleshed tubers produced under the different cultural environments of three localities and two planting dates, we determined that lower temperature during 30days before harvesting resulted in higher anthocyanin accumulation of 'Jasim' potato tubers. In the experiment of different level of nitrogen fertilization, 'Jasim' potato tubers produced in highland (Daegualryeong) showed higher content of anthocyanin in the treatment of recommended level than in treatment of lower or higher level as compared with the recommended level. However, significant difference of anthocyanin content among different nitrogen fertilization levels was not observed in lowland (Gangnung). These results suggest that the selection of locality or cropping system and the optimal fertilization management are very important factors for production of higher pigmented tubers in purple-fleshed potato.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between oriental obesity pattern, life habitual factors(eating attitude, physical activity) and psychological factors(depression, stress, self-esteem) in korean obese and overweight women. Methods: This study was performed in obese and overweight(BMI ${\geq}$ 23 kg/$m^2$) women in Korea (n=56). Simple anthropometry including weight, BMI, waist circumference, BIA(bioelectrical impedance analysis) were done. To assess psychological factors, the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (SES) questionnaire, Beck depression inventory (BDI) questionnaire and stress response inventory (SRI) questionnaire were administered. Regarding diet, Korean eating attitude test(KEAT-26) was done. International physical activity questionnaire(IPAQ) was administered for exercise and physical activity intensity and quantities. All values were verified using correlation analysis. Results: 1. The subjects had stagnation of the liver qi>food accumulation>yang deficiency>blood stasis>spleen vacuity in the order. 2. Stagnation of the liver qi score had significant relationships with self-esteem(r=-0.520, p<0.05) and depression(r=0.688, p<0.01) in stagnation of the liver qi group. There was a relationship between food accumulation score and eating attitude(r=0.784, p<0.01) in food accumulation group. 3. Lean mass had a significant relationship with self-esteem(r=0.434, p<0.05) fat mass had a significant relationship with stress (r=0.633, p<0.01) and in stagnation of the liver qi group. 4. Physical activity had significant relationships with lean mass(r=0.628, p<0.01) and with fat mass(r=-0.478, p<0.05) in group. Conclusions: This study maintained that psychological factors play major roles in obesity with symptoms of stagnation of the liver qi and life habit(dietary factors and physical activity) in food accumulation.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.498-504
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• 2014

Allium senescens L. is perennial plant of the Liliaceae family that grows throughout Korea. In this study, we investigated the effect of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. Our results indicated that 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of Allium senescens L. methanol extracts increased in a dose-dependent manner. Allium senescens L. methanol extracts suppressed ROS production and lipid accumulation during adipogenesis. In addition, Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibited the mRNA expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme, such as G6PDH and lead to a reduction in the mRNA levels of the transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element binding proteins 1c, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$, and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins ${\alpha}$. These results indicate that Allium senescens L. methanol extracts inhibit adipogenesis by modulating ROS production associated with ROS-regulating genes and directly down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2017

In this study, we analyzed service quality factors of O2O delivery app based on Kano model and survey, and classified service quality into several dimensions. As a result of the analysis, the one dimensional quality factors were accurate information transmission, variety of restaurants, diversity of payment methods, diversity of menu selection, discomfort resolution, kindness of service, taste and quality of food, hygiene and cleanliness, Attractive quality factors such as updated information, reliable reviews, various ordering methods, fast delivery, brand image, discount point payment and accumulation. Although the must-be quality factor did not appear, it turned out that the discomfort resolution was close to the must-be quality factor. The indifferent quality factors were informational services, events and promotions. The O2O delivery app market is continuing to grow and competition is getting more and more intense. The results of this study will help O2O delivery app vendors to establish strategies to focus on certain quality of service factors.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2014

Objectives : We tried to uncover the anti-lipogenic effect and underlying mechanism of Laminaria japonica on an experimental cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods : Ethanol extract of Laminaria japonica (LJ) was prepared. Intracellular lipid content of palmitate-treated HepG2 cells was evaluated with or without LJ treatment. We measured the effects of LJ on liver X receptor ${\alpha}$ ($LXR{\alpha}$) and sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c) expression, transcription level of lipogenic genes, including acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation in HepG2 cells. Results : LJ markedly attenuated palmitate-induced intracellular lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. LJ suppressed $LXR{\alpha}$-dependent SREBP-1c activation, and SREBP-1c mediated induction of ACC, FAS, and SCD-1. Furthermore, LJ activated Nrf2, which plays an important cytoprotective role in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Conclusions : Our study suggests that LJ has the potential to alleviate hepatic lipid accumulation, and this effect was mediated by inhibiting the $LXR{\alpha}$-SREBP-1c pathway that leads to hepatic steatosis. In addition, the anti-lipogenic potential may, at least in part, be associated with activation of Nrf2.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

Objectives : Cheongnoimyungshin-hwan (CNMSH) is a Herbal compound prescription that is composed mainly of herbal medicines such as Ginseng Radix Alba, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Dioscoreae Rhizoma, Longan Arillus and cornus cervi parvum, and for the purpose of improving memory and preventing dementia. Methods : In this study, it was investigated whether CNMSH could suppress inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. As a result, CNMSH decreased expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase and cyclooxygenase-2, and also inhibited production of NO, prostaglandin E2. Results : This effect was associated with the suppression of the expression of p65, one of the nuclear factor-kappaB ($NF-{\kappa}B$) subunits, and increased expression of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, inhibit the $NF-{\kappa}B$ transcription factor. In addition, CNMSH significantly blocked intracellular reactive oxygen species accumulation in response to LPS stimulation. Furthermore, CNMSH increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2 activation and heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Conclusions : Therefore, it has been shown anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by inhibiting the expression and production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated macrophages, and is associated with ROS generation and is activated by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1303-1314
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• 2009

The purpose of this study lies in examining the characteristics of differentiated body types for plus-size women and obtaining basic data for the wide-ranging choices of ready-made clothing in a consumer's place. The results of this study displayed no significant differences for subjects in their 30s and 40s in comparison to standards by ages but showed a significant difference with subjects in their 50s when compared with the data from Size Korea (2004). Research data in the height and length categories were lower, and the majority of data from the other categories were higher. In order to analyze the characteristics of a plus-size woman's body, 4 factors were differentiated into 3 types with 17 categories: Factor 1 was the element of the thickness of the trunk, factor 2 was the element of the thickness of the lower body and legs, factor 3 was the element of shoulder size and factor 4 was the element of the upper body length. The accumulation rate was shown to be 74.47%. The characteristics for each type were as follows: Type 1 is a body type with a relatively thin waist, small width and girth of upper body and curvy lower body, type 2 is the average body type, and type 3 is a body type with big breasts and abdominal obesity. The standard body type belonged to type 2. According to the correspondency test between age and type, the characteristics of type 1 corresponded relatively close to the measures of subjects in their 40s and relatively far from subjects in their 30s to 50s while type 2 and type 3 appeared to be similar to subjects in their 50s.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.567-575
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• 2011

Purpose: Acellular human dermis is very useful implant for use in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the volume of acellular human dermis graft is known to decrease for a long time. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a polypeptide that enhances the collagen synthesis and angiogenesis. In the current study we examined whether bFGF could improve the survival of acellular human dermis ($SureDerm^{(R)}$) by increasing angiogenesis of the graft. Methods: Forty rats were divided into two groups (control and bFGF). A 2-mm thick piece of $SureDerm^{(R)}$ was cut into smaller pieces that were $15{\times}5$ mm in size. Two subcutaneous pockets were made on the back of each rat. Grafts sprayed with bFGF were implanted in the bFGF group and injected with bFGF after transplantation every 3 days for 2 weeks. In the control group, the grafts were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) instead of bFGF. Four days, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks after the implantation, the grafts were harvested and gross and histologic examinations were performed. Inflammation grade, graft thickness, neocollagen density, and neocapillary count were measured. Results: The bFGF group displayed more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cells with a higher density of neocapillaries, and increased active collagen synthesis. After 12 weeks, the thickness of the grafts in the control and bFGF groups was $75.15{\pm}4.80%$ and $81.79{\pm}5.72%$, respectively, in comparison to the thickness before transplantation. There was a statistically significant difference between both groups ($p$ <0.05). Conclusion: bFGF was effective in reducing the absorption of acellular human dermal grafts by increasing angiogenesis and accelerating engraftment. In conclusion, bFGF may be a good tool for use in acellular human dermal graft transplantation for reconstructive surgery involving soft-tissue defects.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2003

Objective : In Western medicine, the cause of obesity include overeating, lack of exercise, genetic factor, endocrinal impediment and psychological factor. Since the society becomes more complexed and the tensions among social members gets intensified, psychological factor getting more important. In Oriental medicine, Seven Emotion(七情, in oriental medical term) as an emotional stressor was thought to be a factor of obesity. Therefore the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between Seven Emotion and obesity in detail. Methods : overview the stress with the view of Oriental medicine and research the relationship between Seven Emotion as an emotional stressor and obesity. Results : 1. Seven Emotion can be understood as an emotional stress in Western medicine. If Seven Emotion is excessive, its extreme mental stimulation causes physical illness. 2. Having influence upon the function of internal organs, excessive Seven Emotion causes obesity. Since it hinders normal flow of Gangi(肝氣), Seven Emotion disturbs healthy function of Bi-Wi(脾胃) and normal fluctuation of Qi. Consequently, obesity is resulted from the accumulation of fat since normal metabolism of body is disrupted. 3. In Seven Emotion-Anger(怒), Joy(喜), Anxiety(憂), Thought(思), Sorrow(悲), Fear(恐), Surprise(驚)-give rise to Gan-bi-bul-wha(肝脾不和), Sim-hi-yang-huh(心脾兩虛), Bi-qi-huh(碑氣虛), Dam-sup-jeo-po(痰濕沮胞) and Wi-wha-sang-youm(胃火上炎) in type of symptom in obesity and therefore, cause obesity.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-123
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• 2008

In this paper, technology gap between Korea's manufacturing industries compared to technology frontier countries was estimated in order to take into account Korea's status as a technology follower country. Then by using this measure the role of technology gap was investigated in explaining total factor productivity growth of the Korean manufacturing at industry level. The main empirical findings are as follows: First, the conventional factors that were emphasized in the previous literature such as R&D intensity, trade openness and human capital play important role in explaining the growth rate of Korea's total factor productivity. Second, the larger the technology gap between Korea and technology leader country (and the faster the technology growth rate in the leader country), the higher the growth rate of total factor productivity in Korea as well. Third when the technology gap is large, the most efficient way of absorbing higher technology from frontier country seems to be the international trade channel rather than R&D or human capital accumulation.