• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.365-371
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• 2021

In the wake of several high-profile corporate accounting scandals, there has been evidence that companies are more eager to hire Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) with an accounting background. This signals that CEOs with an accounting background are recognized and trusted by the corporate world to boost the quality of financial reporting of a company. If it is so, in the context of combating the earnings management, hiring CEOs with an accounting background (being a conservative accounting practitioner), could become one of the effective internal corporate governance mechanisms (CGM) to bring down the earnings management activities. This study attempts to provide insight into the level of conservatism of the CEO with an accounting background. Following Basu (1997) and Khan and Watt (2009), the firm-year measure of conservatism (C_Score) was obtained, which later was associated with the accounting education of the CEO to determine their relationship. As expected, CEOs with accounting background exhibit a higher level of moral reasoning than their non - accounting educated counterparts. The finding of this study is useful to persuade the policymaker to consider lifting the trend of hiring a CEO with an accounting background as one of the best practices that the companies can work out to lessen earnings management activities.

• Journal of Convergence Society for SMB
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to verify mainly qualitative characteristics impact on the quality of customer's accounting information to analyze the expertise and the level of accounting system, accounting service worker. This method was conducted in empirical research by the hypothesis based on the survey after examining theoretical background founded on the literature search. As a result, by accounting information systems needed Accounting services worker's professionalism, customer to be served most satisfies faithful representation among the qualitative characteristics and it showed timeliness is low satisfaction. This study will contribute to enhance the recognition and improvement of expertise of the accounting service workers, in the future for improving the quality of accounting information system, discussion will be needed about the contents and method for education and training.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.39-42
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• 2016

NFPs support a sustainable society and they rely on contributions from donors. Donor behavior is a kind of consumer behavior that influences fundraising by NFPs. In order to make fundraising functional under a principal-agent relationship, NFPs must construct trust through proper provision of accounting information. For donors, financial statements are main source of accounting information. Edelman revealed that the level of trust in Japan's NFPs is the lowest in East Asia, because of a lack of transparency and accountability. Some researchers had investigated donor behavior as a kind of consumer behavior and had provided supportive results that accounting information influences donor behaviors, before this research was conducted. This research investigates this background by conducting questionnaire-based survey. Main questions of this questionnaire were created according to criteria that BBB are using for NFPs in the U.S. The results of this survey revealed the lack of reliability of basic accounting information in Japan and that education in higher educational institutions can improve this situation. This survey also revealed that a rating agency like BBB, which evaluates accounting information of NFPs, could improve trust on NFPs. The implications of this study can apply to the other countries and regions where trust in NFPs is insufficient.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.63-86
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of the application of accounting conservatism on the investment efficiency of listed companies in China under the background of the current rising environmental uncertainty. Design/methodology/approach - This study collected 14,934 observations of A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2013 to 2020, and analyzed the data by means of moderating effect test and multiple regression analysis. Findings - The results show that environmental uncertainty deteriorates the company's investment efficiency. The higher the level of environmental uncertainty, the more prone to over-investment and under-investment. Accounting conservatism plays moderating role between environmental uncertainty and investment efficiency. Among them, the moderating effect of conditional conservatism is to alleviate under-investment of the company under high financing constraints and the over-investment, while it intensifies the under-investment under low financing constraints. The moderating effect of unconditional conservatism is to alleviate the under-investment. Research implications or Originality - This study finds out the internal mechanism of accounting conservatism affecting investment efficiency, which not only helps to understand about the value of accounting conservatism standards, but also helps to improve the investment efficiency of listed companies.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.291-301
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• 2020

This paper aims to investigate the impact of chief executive officer's (CEO) attributes on firms' performance. Specifically, it examines the influence of CEOs' education, professional experience, and tenure on Saudi firms' performance. We look at a sample of 120 listed firms on Tadawul stock exchange from 2014 to 2017. Data on financial and accounting variables are obtained from the annual reports of the selected companies. We follow the existing empirical literature and use a panel model and formulate three different equations using the GMM estimator. Findings prove that CEO educational background does matter. In particular, companies employing CEOs with business administration, economics, finance, or accounting degree will perform outstandingly better. Similarly, stock performance gets improved when the CEO has a postgraduate qualification, i.e., when the CEO holds an MBA, a master, or a PhD degree. Besides, results reveal that executives who have an experience in a related field will positively affect the firm's performance. Finally, evidence shows that high CEOs tenure improves corporate performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that executives' attributes are key factors that would explain differences in Saudi firms' performance. These results would help shareholders to make the right decision in selecting CEOs to manage the company.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.933-941
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• 2021

This research aims to test the effect of corporate governance factors on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and its impact on a company's financial performance. The factors of corporate governance referred to in this research are foreign ownership, state ownership, number of board of commissioners, the proportion of independent commissioners, and educational background of commissioners' board. Based on the purposive sampling method, 194 companies were selected with a total of 582 observations. The data analysis used in this study was the Structural Equation Model (SEM) approach by using the alternative Partial Least Square (PLS) method. The results of this research indicated that state ownership, number of board of commissioners, and the proportion of independent commissioners had a significant positive effect on CSR disclosure. While the foreign ownership and the educational background of the commissioners' board have had an insignificant effect on CSR disclosure. Then, CSR disclosure had a significant positive effect on the companies' financial performance. The findings of this study suggest that the positive effect of the CSR disclosure on performance is because the disclosure is able to improve the company's reputation; the more social activities are carried out will improve the customers' loyalty as well as the support from other stakeholders which in turns will improve the company's performance.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-61
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• 2009

This research is aimed at grouping for the extent to which the workers' job satisfaction influences productivity with a view to improving theirs, shedding light on the difference between the workers' concepts of job satisfaction and those of the executives of the matter in terms of the statistic characteristics of individuals and coming up with efficient measures to put the Korean tax accounting offices into smooth operation. The paper is suggesting a total of eight hypotheses, and the researcher tested those with the help of difference analyses and a regression analysis. The findings reveal that there was a difference in productivity in accordance with academic background, positions and total number years of work, etc. but tat there was no difference in gender. And superiors and pay among the factors of job satisfaction influenced productivity, whereas promotion and coworkers didn't. The worker subjects and the executive subjects turned out to differ in terms of pay levels, the welfare of the works, and the level of their ability to carry out their business in regard to the actual situation of tax accounting offices in Korea.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2021

On December 2015, Financial Supervisory Service(FSS) announced the four key thematic audit review areas, one of them is an appropriation of unbilled revenue. Accounting of unbilled revenue is intertwined with a percentage of completion, that is concerned about discretionary decision by manager. Therefore, if manager motivated by income-increasing manipulation is exaggerating percentage of completion, unbilled revenue is excessively recognized. This problem is caused the serious accounting issues(e.g., shock at a loss for 2013 fiscal year by some construction firms, malpractice of accounting in order-made production industry). Distrust of accounting was grown because the shipbuilding and construction industries successively went poor management and bad accounting of them is revealed. Those accounting issues were the trigger for problem recognition of unbilled revenue, they were background for the designation of appropriation unbilled revenue as thematic audit review areas by FSS. Therefore, this study verified effectiveness of thematic audit review by empirically analyzing whether designation of thematic audit review makes the firm increases conservative behavior. Conservative accounting is estimated by using Basu(1997) model. We analyzed the effect of the thematic audit review on conservative accounting of unbilled revenue by comparing with reflecting unbilled revenue or not. The sample for test consists of firm-years the manufacturing and construction industries from 2012 to 2017. The test results of this study suggested that the conservative accounting of unbilled revenue after designation of the thematic audit review was significantly increased. We also tested again by classifying whether or not it is construction industry. We found that construction industry is more conservative than the other industry only for the designated year of the thematic audit review, otherwise there was not any evidence for significantly increasing conservatism. This study contributes to the literature by empirically analysing relationship of the unbilled revenue to the thematic audit review from the perspective of the conservatism and verifying effectiveness of the thematic audit review.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between the nature of controlling shareholders and corporate anti-corruption practice disclosure (ACPD) as well as the mediating role of political background of the chairman or CEO of the firm on the relationship between the two. The content analysis was conducted to extract ACPD from standalone corporate social responsibility reports (CSRR) of 703 China's A-share listed companies. A dummy variable was constructed according to whether a firm disclosed ACPD or not. Logistic regression analysis was used then. Results show that the nature of controlling shareholders has a significant impact on corporate ACPD, with central enterprises disclosing the most frequently, local state-owned enterprises the second and private enterprises the least. Political background of the chairman or CEO has a negative impact on corporate ACPD of state-owned enterprises. These findings have some useful insights in understanding the rent-seeking behavior and information disclosure behavior of corporates in emerging markets. In order to curb the serious corruption problem which is commonplace in developing countries like China, the government should exert certain pressure to strengthen the supervision of information disclosure of listed firms and improve information transparency.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2018

The Abacus schools were created by the needs of merchants who had accumulated wealth through trades in Italy during the Renaissance. Teachers in the Abacus school taught practical mathematics mainly used in commerce and trade, and the schools had courses in the fields of management and accounting today. This Abacus school also served as an educational institution, but also provided the opportunity to develop into today's mathematics. In this paper, we investigate about the background and role of the Abacus school.