• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 1994

Inorganic-organic composite was made through sol-gel process. Possible range for hosting organic dye was investigated with various composition. The transmittance of the composite was the most important condition for a host was increased to 90% with decreasing HCl as a catalyst. Clear absorbance peak was obtained by decreasing concentration of organic dye, fluorescent intensity was increased and transmittance was decreased with rising gelling temperature.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 1993

Dissociation constants and heat of dissociation of dimers of 3, 3'-diethyl-thiacarbocyanine dye(Dye 2) have been studied. At $10~40^{\circ}C$, absorption spectra of 2 vol% aqueous ethanol solutions of Dye 2 showed monomer and dimer bands. From the temperature dependence of monomer absorbance, dissociation constants K and ${\Delta}H$ were estimated to be $6.2(10^{\circ}C)-10.6(40^{\circ}C)mon/\ell$ and 3kcal/mol, respectively. These K valus are about one half of those for 3,3'-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine dye with one methine carbon, indication a higher dimer stability than that of 3,3-diethyl-2,2'-cyanine dye.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.9
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• pp.3383-3387
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• 2023

A new dyed polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film dosimeter based on 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MMT) tetrazolium dye is proposed in this study for measuring high gamma radiation dose. Gamma cell irradiator that contains Co-60 gamma-ray source was used to expose the novel MMT-PVA films to different doses up to 25 kGy. The changed in optical property of irradiated and unirradiated films were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results show that the dose sensitive and the linear range of irradiated films were increased considerably with increase of MMT concentration from 1 to 5 mM. The dose response of dyed PVA film changed substantially with changing relative humidity (12-74%) as well as irradiation temperature (10-40 ℃). The absorbance of the unirradiated films does not change up to 10 days in dark while a significant increase in their absorbance was reported for similar films under fluorescent light. The irradiated dosimeters that kept in dark showed a perfect stability for 54 days. It was found that no obvious impact of dose rate on the irradiated MMT-PVA film dosimeters.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.476-480
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• 2006

For the purpose of application to new natural dyestuff, the dyeability of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract was analyzed. It was dyed in silk fabric according to various dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and dyeing repetition. And the effects of mordanting conditions were examined as color differences and color fastnesses. The maximum absorbance of Rubus coreanus Miquel extract was at 521 nm. The dyeaffinities were increased gradually as were increased dye concentration, dyeing temperature, dyeing time, and dyeing repetition. The dyeaffinity was increased at pre-mordanted condition, and color difference was increased distinctly at post mordanted condition. The hues of mordanted silk fabrics were RP, P, PB, BG where as non mordanted silk fabric was R. Lightfastness was the best at pre-Sn mordanted and the worst at Post-Al mordanted. Washing and perspiration fastnesses were improved on pre and post-Sn mordanted.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.479-486
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• 1999

A measurement method for the deposition amount of spray, using tracer and spectrophotometer was developed. Food colors was selected as tracer, because it was cheep and easily treatable. Using NIRS(Near Infrared Reflection Spectrophotometer), regression curves between absorbance spectrum and concentration of the tracer were obtained. Yellow food colors showed the peak of spectrum at 452nm, and absorbance of peak showed a tendency to increase as concentration increased. Also, the possibility of concentration control by heating was investigated.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of hair dyeing and changes of hair quality by the application of indigo dye. Methods: Indigo dye was used after water bath. After application of the dye to healthy and bleached hair samples, they were treated with heat and remained naturally by different times. Each sample was measured before and after the application and compared for the analysis. To investigate the effects of dyeing, L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values and bleaching degree were measured using by color-difference meter. To understand the changes of hair quality, absorbance and gloss were measured using by tensile strength and methylene blue. Results: Upon the results of dyeing, all the samples showed the significant dyeing effects before and after the application in terms of L⁎, a⁎, and b⁎ values. With respect to the bleaching effects, it showed the greatest change on Day 1 and did not show any changes from Day 3. For the measurement of tensile strength, mean values of all the samples were increased. However, the results were not significant, statistically, demonstrating no change of hair quality. No statistically significant results were found in the samples except healthy 7L(3) sample upon the absorbance results using methylene blue. Gloss of samples was changed upon the statistical analysis results. Conclusion: Indigo dye showed the hair dyeing effects, significantly, while gloss was changed and tensile strength and absorbance were not changed in terms of hair quality. Further studies are required on the processing with a variety of dyes and on the measurements for reliability and objectivity.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1994

The transparent coloration of glasses has been successfully achieved by coated glass surface with squarylium dye by the sol-gel colored coating method. Treatment of sol-gel colored coating layer with HCI(g) greatly decreases the absorbance at λ$_{max}$, that increases exposure to $NH_{3}$(g) and the reversible color-colorless responce was extremely rapid.d.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

Objectives: Feasibility of electrochemical oxidation of the aqueous non-biodegradable wastewater such as cationic dye Rhodamine B (RhB) has been investigated in an electrochemical reactor with solid polymer electrolyte (SPE). Methods: Nafion 117 cationic exchange membrane as SPE has been used. Anode/Nafion/cathode sandwiches were constructed by sandwiching Nafion between two dimensionally stable anodes (JP202 electrode). Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of applied current (0.5~2.0 A), supporting electrolyte type (0.2 N NaCl, $Na_2SO_4$, and 1.0 g/L NaCl), initial RhB concentration (2.5~30.0 mg/L) on RhB and COD degradation and $UV_{254}$ absorbance. Results: Experimental results showed that an increase of applied current in electrolysis reaction with solid polymer electrolyte has resulted in the increase of RhB and $UV_{254}$ degradation. Performance for RhB degradation by electrolyte type was best with NaCl 0.2 N followed by SPE, and $Na_2SO_4$. However, the decrease of $UV_{254}$ absorbance of RhB was different from RhB degradation: SPE > NaCl 0.2 N > $Na_2SO_4$. RhB and $UV_{254}$ absorbance decreased linearly with time regardless of the initial concentration. The initial RhB and COD degradation in electrolysis reaction using SPE showed a pseudo-first order kinetics and rate constants were 0.0617 ($R^2=0.9843$) and 0.0216 ($R^2=0.9776$), respectively. Conclusions: Degradation of RhB in the electrochemical reactor with SPE can be achieved applying electrochemical oxidation. Supporting electrolyte has no positive effect on the final $UV_{254}$ absorbance and COD degradation. Mineralization of COD may take a relatively longer time than that of the RhB degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.971-977
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• 1998

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of nautral dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of Rhusjara ica was studied. Appropriate extraction, dyeing and mordanting condition of Rhusjara ica were determined, and the effect of mordanting method on dye uptake and color fastness of dyed fabric was investigated. The most absorbance of Rhusjara ica solution was 299 nm. The color of Rhusjara ica solution was affected by pH 8~9. The optimum temperature to extract Rhusjara ica was 6$0^{\circ}C$ and dyeing solution for 1 hour. Effective dyeing time to silk was 60min. Effective mordanting temperature was 80~10$0^{\circ}C$, and its time was 30 min. K/S value of dyeing fabrics was recoginazed by mordanting treatment, specially Fe, Al, Cu. K/S value of pre-mordanting was higher than post-mordanting. In the case of Rhusjara ica fastness was increased by mordanting treatment.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.239-244
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• 2004

Solution-cast films of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyurethane (PU) containing polymeric styryl dye up to 5 % by weight were prepared to investigate their acid-sensitivity and mechanical and thermal properties. Original red samples due to styryl dye turned out yellow very rapidly as they were exposed to acid vapor of hydrochloric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid. According to UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements, characteristic peak intensities near 430 nm and 520 nm increased or decreased relatively with exposed amounts of acid, respectively. Both PMMA and PU samples showed uniform color distribution due to a good miscibility between polymer and dye which can be evidenced by measurements of glass transition temperature. No significant difference in acid-sensitivity was found between PU and PMMA except relative absorbance. However, dependence of their mechanical properties on dye content was somewhat different with PU or PMMA. In case of PMMA, modulus and breaking stress increased up to about 50 % with increasing dye content, whereas those of PU samples showed only slight increase. It was ascribed to whether the matrix polymer was in the glassy or rubbery state.