• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

Satellite cells were derived from muscular tissue in postnatal pig. Satellite cell is an important to growth and development in animal tissues or organs. However, the progress underlying induced differentiation is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphologic and the transcriptome changes in porcine satellite cell (PSC) treated with insulin, rosiglitazone, or dexamethasone respectively. PSC was obtained from postnatal muscle tissue. In study 1, for study the effect of insulin and FBS on the differentiated satellite cells, cells were cultured at absence or presence of insulin treated with FBS. Total RNA was extracted for determining the expression levels of myogenic PAX3, PAX7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin genes by real-time PCR. Myogenic genes decreased expression levels of mRNA in treated with insulin. In study 2, in order to clarify the relationship between rosiglitazone and lipid in differentiated satellite cells, we further examined the effect of FBS on lipid accumulation in the presence or absence of the rosiglitazone and lipid. Significant differences were observed between rosiglitazone and lipid by FBS. The mRNA of FABP4 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased in rosiglitazone treatment. In study 3, we examined the effect of dexamethasone on osteogenic differentiation in PSC. The mRNA was increased osteoblasotgenic ALP and ON genes treated with dexamethasone in 2% FBS. Dexamethasone induces osteoblastogenesis in differentiated PSC. Taken together, in differentiated PSCs, FABP4 and $PPAR{\gamma}$ increased to rosiglitazone. Whereas, no differences to FBS and lipid. These results were not comparable with previous reports. Our results suggest that adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblastogenic could be isolated from porcine skeletal muscle, and identify culture conditions which optimize proliferation and differentiation formation of PSC.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제47권
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• pp.1-26
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• 2017

본 논문은 1990년대 이후 발표된 여화(余華)의 "재세우중호함(在細雨中呼喊)"(1993), 소동(蘇童)의 "성북지대(城北地帶)"(1994), 왕강(王剛)의 "영격역사(英格力士)"(2004)에 나타난 가족결핍과 그 서사적 대응방식을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 삼는다. 소설에 공통적으로 등장하는 소재인 결핍된 가족은 존재의 부재를 뜻하기도 하지만 그 기능과 역할의 부재를 의미하기도 한다. 결핍을 야기하는 원인은 작품마다 서로 다르며 대응 양상 또한 차이를 보인다. 중국의 성장 서사는 오랜 시간 동안 전통의 유제와 여러 가지 정치적 압박 속에서 성장과정에서 일어나는 부모와의 갈등, 성장자 자신의 내면의 고통들을 집단의 경험 속에 매몰시켰다. 성장의 기억을 개인에게 돌려주기 시작했던 1980년대의 선취에 힘입어 1990년대 성장 서사는 지나간 연대의 강박과 피로에서 벗어난 작가들의 다양한 시도 속에서 더욱 풍부한 함의를 지니고 있다. "가랑비 속의 외침"은 친부모와 양부모에게 의도치 않은 '버려짐'을 당한 주인공의 심리적 고아의식을 보여주었고, "성북지대"는 부재된 가족에게 염증을 느끼고 또래 집단 속에서 위안을 받는 아이들의 서로 다른 성장의 이야기를 들려준다. "오, 나의 잉글리쉬 보이"는 동일시의 대상을 등장시킨다는 점에서 중국 성장소설의 주류적 서사와 구분된다. 개인의 성장은 그를 통해 진일보하고 결국 성장자 자신의 정체성을 확립하게 된다는 점에서 이 소설은 성장소설의 모범사례로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2011

Four diazinon-degrading bacteria were isolated from agricultural soil by using an enrichment technique. The biochemical analysis and molecular method including RFLP indicated that these isolates were identical, and one strain designated DI101 was selected for further study. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that the strain DI101 clearly belongs to the Serratia marcescens group. The ability of the strain to utilize diazinon as a source of carbon and phosphorus was investigated under different culture conditions. The DI101 strain was able to completely degrade 50 mg/l diazinon in MSM within 11 days with a degradation rate of 0.226 $day^{-1}$. The inoculation of sterilized soil treated with 100 mg/kg of diazinon with $10^6$ CFU/g DI101 resulted in a faster degradation rate than was recorded in non-sterilized soil. The diazinon degradation rate by DI101 was efficient at temperatures from 25 to $30^{\circ}C$ and at pHs from 7.0 to 8.0. The degradation rate of diazinon was not affected by the absence of a phosphorus supplement, and addition of other carbon sources (glucose or succinate) resulted in the slowing down of the degradation rate. The maximum degradation rate ($V_{max}$) of diazinon was 0.292 $day^{-1}$ and its saturation constant ($K_s$) was 11 mg/l, as determined by a Michaelis-Menten curve. The strain was able to degrade diethylthiophosphate-containing organophosphates such as chlorpyrifos, coumaphos, parathion, and isazofos when provided as a source of carbon and phosphorus, but not ethoprophos, cadusafos, and fenamiphos. These results propose useful information for the potential application of the DI101 strain in bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated environments.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.886-892
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• 2017

Objective: Transgenic technology is widely used for industrial applications and basic research. Systems that allow for genetic modification play a crucial role in biotechnology for a number of purposes, including the functional analysis of specific genes and the production of exogenous proteins. In this study, we examined and verified the cumate-inducible transgene expression system in chicken DF1 and quail QM7 cells, as well as loxP element-mediated transgene recombination using Cre recombinase in DF1 cells. Methods: After stable transfer of the transgene with piggyBac transposon and transposase, transgene expression was induced by an appropriate concentration of cumate. Additionally, we showed that the transgene can be replaced with additional transgenes by co-transfection with the Cre recombinase expression vector. Results: In the cumate-GFP DF1 and QM7 cells, green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression was repressed in the off state in the absence of cumate, and the GFP transgene expression was successfully induced in the presence of cumate. In the cumate-MyoD DF1 cells, MyoD transgene expression was induced by cumate, and the genes controlled by MyoD were upregulated according to the number of days in culture. Additionally, for the translocation experiments, a stable enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-expressing DF1 cell line transfected with the loxP66-eGFP-loxP71 vector was established, and DsRed-positive and eGFP-negative cells were observed after 14 days of co-transfection with the DsRed transgene and Cre recombinase indicating that the eGFP transgene was excised, and the DsRed transgene was replaced by Cre recombination. Conclusion: Transgene induction or replacement cassette systems in avian cells can be applied in functional genomics studies of specific genes and adapted further for efficient generation of transgenic poultry to modulate target gene expression.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.705-714
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• 1995

Due to the great deal of effort that has gone into the study of osteoclastic differentiation and activation over the last few decades, the mechanisms of these two events have been discovered gradually. Nitric oxide($NO^-$), which is produced from arginine by a nitric oxide synthase, opened up a new area of biological research. Recently, it has been reported that $NO^-$ is produced by osteoblasts stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and several other cytokines. In this study, the effect of sodium nitroprusside(SNP), a donor of nitric oxide($NO^-$), on osteoclast-like cell formation and on mature osteoclast function was examined. To determine the mechanism of the inhibitory effects of SNP decreased not only the basal $^{45}Ca$ release but also thee bone resorption induced by PTH and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin $D_3\;(1,25[OH]_{2}D_3)$. The inhibitory effect of SNP on bone resorption induced by PTH appeared 2 dyas after treatment, whereas SNP effect on inhibiting bone resorption induced by $1,25[OH]_{2}D_3$ appeared at the thhird days. When chicken and rat osteeoclasts were cultured on dentin slices, treatment of $300{\mu}M$ SNP resulted in a significant decrease in dentin resorption by osteoclasts in terms of total resolution area and average individual area. We also examind the effect of SNP on formation of osteoclast-like cells that is TRAP-positive multinucleated cells from chicken and rat bone marrow cells in the presence or absence of $10^{-8}\;M\;1,25[OH]_{2}D_3$. The addition of $300{\mu}M$ SNP inhibiteed the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. The present data suggest that SNP, possibly as a $NO^-$ donor, inhibits the osteoclastic differentiation and osteoclastic activity.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1995

The putative totipotency germ cells has a relative abundance of alkaline phosphatases. Thus, histological staining of AP activity offers a new route to isolate totipotent cells and also provides insights into culture systems of these cells. Furthermore, the AP staining technique is simple and fast, requires only the napthol AS/MS substrate in combination with trapping diazonium salts such as fast red or fast blue. However, our unexpected finding was that AP staining of mouse ES cells were detected in the undifferentiaed epiblast-derived cells as well as several types of differentiating cells. This findings are different from results of Talbot et al. (1993) reported usefulness of the AP staining and implies that histological staining of AP may not by useful to determine undifferentiaed state or totipotency of ES cells. Thus, we have investigated the patterns of AP expression by RT-PCR in order to identify a marker of undifferentiated ES/primordial germ (PG) cells. In RT-PCR analysis, embryonic (E)-AP was detected only in undifferentiated ES cells, but intestinal(I)-AP was not detected in all of the examined ES and PG cells. In addition, nonspecific (NS)-AP wasdetected in undifferentiated PG cell from day 7, 5 to 13 of gestation. Histological activity of AP in ES cells was completely suppressed by addition of L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-homoarginine (Har), and L-phenylalanylglycylglycine (PheGlyGly) as an inhibitor, but RT-PCR showed the same results as in the absence of an inhibitors. Our findings suggested that expression of E-AP and NS-AP may use as a marker to determine the undifferentiated status in ES and PG cells.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2000

A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)는 인슐린 신호전달의 상위구성 요소로 다양한 세포에서 단백질합성을 촉진한다. PI3K와 하위의 mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)가 착상전 생쥐 배아의 인슐린 신호전달에 관여하고 있는지의 여부를 조사하고자 하였다. 생쥐의 8-세포기 배아를 인슐린 또는 PI3K및 mTOR의 억제제를 포함한 조건에서 배양하면서 발생율, 할구수, 단백질합성 및 인산화를 조사하였다. 인슐린의 첨가는 포배형성과 부화 등 형태발생을 촉진하며 포배내 평균 할구수, 8-세포기 배아의 단백질 합성과 인산화를 유의하게 증가시켰다. PI3K의 억제제인 wortmannin과 mTOR를 억제하는 rapamycin은 인슐린에 의한 발생율, 포배내, 할구수, 단백질합성의 증가 효과를 상쇄하였다. 오토라디오그라피에서 두종의 인산화단백질인 pp22와 pp30의 인산화가 인슐린 처리에 의해 증가함을 확인하였다. 이상의 결과에서 생쥐 8-세포기 배아의 발생을 촉진하는 인슬린 신호의 전달에 PI3K와 mTOR가 관여함을 알 수 있다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

Giardia lamblia, an anaerobic, amitochondriate protozoan parasite causes parasitic infection giardiasis in children and young adults. It produces pyruvate, a major metabolic product for its fermentative metabolism. The current study was undertaken to explore the effects of pyruvate as a physiological antioxidant during oxidative stress in Giardia by cysteine-ascorbate deprivation and further investigation upon the hypothesis that oxidative stress due to metabolism was the reason behind the cytotoxicity. We have estimated intracellular reactive oxygen species generation due to cysteine-ascorbate deprivation in Giardia. In the present study, we have examined the effects of extracellular addition of pyruvate, during oxidative stress generated from cysteine-ascorbate deprivation in culture media on DNA damage in Giardia. The intracellular pyruvate concentrations at several time points were measured in the trophozoites during stress. Trophozoites viability under cysteine-ascorbate deprived (CAD) medium in presence and absence of extracellular pyruvate has also been measured. The exogenous addition of a physiologically relevant concentration of pyruvate to trophozoites suspension was shown to attenuate the rate of ROS generation. We have demonstrated that Giardia protects itself from destructive consequences of ROS by maintaining the intracellular pyruvate concentration. Pyruvate recovers Giardia trophozoites from oxidative stress by decreasing the number of DNA breaks that might favor DNA repair.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제5권
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• pp.49-57
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• 2004

성덕대왕신종은 서기 771년에 완성되었으며 규모에 있어서나 예술적인 수준에 있어서 탁월한 걸작품으로서 우리 청동문화의 정수이다. 그러나 성덕대왕신종을 주조하기 위해 어디에서 원료를 입수하여 어떻게 배합하고 주조했는지에 대한 사료가 남아있지 않아 성덕대왕신종을 깊이 있게 이해하는 데 한계가 있다. 본 연구는 국립경주박물관에서 성덕대왕신종에 대한 안전진단의 일환으로 점검 과정 중 신종 내부에 돌출된 부분에서 채취한 시료 3점의 분석결과를 정리한 것이다. 성덕대왕신종을 제작하기 위한 원료의 배합비, 주조 당시의 금속조직, 원료의 산지 등에 중점을 두고 조사하였다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 1991

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference of staphylococcal colonization between lactating mothers and nursery stares. Samples were obtained from the hands and noses of the newborn(admitted to S Univ. hospital's nursery from 1991. 5. 23 to 6. 8), their mothers and nursery staffs. They were cultured, and then the presence/absence of pathogenic staphylococci in them were analyzed by Fisher exact probability test which led to these conclusion of significance as follows: 1. No differences were detected in pathogenic rate of nasal swab culture between breast~fed newborns and formula-fed ones. 2. Delivery type and hospitalization the ones from the brest-fed newborns show high rate of Sta. aureus coa(+). In case of either C-sec delivery or long (more than 4 days) hospitalization, formula-fed ones in case of NSVD or short (less than 3 days) hospitalization. 3. The ones from breast feeding mothers show higher sta. aureus coa(+) than those from nursery staffs, which was of no significance statistically. Considering nursery staffs only, however, the comparison of those with the data in April indicates that the pathogen rate is higher for hand than nose, and Sta aureus coa(+) for hand is far lower in June than in April, which was statistically significant. These results lead us to infer that newborn infection in hospitalization could be largely reduced by maintaining the ordinary hygienes. Such as the handwashing of mothers as well as nursery staffs (directly involved in newborn care) Thus the pre-enterance hand washing of a mother who visits the nursery only for breast feeding (without any other medical responsibility) should be done, like other medical agents, with $0.05\%$ chlorhexidine antiseptics rather than simple soap cleansing; the one 'that is worth emphasizing thoroughly.