• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.20
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• pp.141-157
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• 2010

Though the education of culture and art for disabled children is very important, it has not been brisk yet until recently due to 'absence of the teaching methods suitable for disability types, levels and programs.'. In this situation, cartoon contents can be used as the most appropriate tools for culture and art education for mentally retarded children. Entertainment functions and genre features of cartoon contents can motivate the applicable children to participate more voluntarily and positively and function as teaching tools for interesting activities. Of course, since it is not proper to apply the cartoon contents for normal children to Special Education Field as they are, cartoon works should be made by understanding closely the characteristics and degrees of retardation of the applicable children and applying them to the composition of cartoons. However, for the contribution of this attempt to education field, it is thought that concrete guidelines for producing cartoon contents considering the concept of various types of disability, emotion, social behavioral traits, ability of cognition, school achievements, and the characteristics of language and physical health should be necessary, and to improve the application of the developed cartoon contents so that they will not remain as superficial results, sufficient communication with the applicable children such as application to classes in the process of development is necessary.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.3
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• pp.331-336
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the dose-dependent effect of methyl jasmonate on both the adventitious root growth and the accumulation of various eleutherosides in the bioreactor culture of Eleutherococcus senticosus adventitious roots. The highest biomass production (5.4 g DW/L) was observed in the absence of methyl jasmonate and the root growth was significantly decreased by increasing the methyl jasmonate concentration. However, methyl jasmonate stimulated the production of both eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$. The highest level of eleutheroside B (359.9 ${\mu}g$/g DW) was obtained at 40 ${\mu}M$ of methyl jasmonate, while eleutheroside E and $E_1$ was accumulated at the highest level by the addition of 10 ${\mu}M$ of methyl jasmonate. Total eleutheroside was increased up to 3818.1 ${\mu}g$ per liter when 10 ${\mu}M$ of methyl jasmonate was applied. In addition, when the adventitious roots were cultured with 20 ${\mu}M$ of methyl jasmonate, the highest levels of eleutheroside B, E and $E_1$ were observed at the 12th, 3th and 9th days of culture, respectively.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

Using Ginseng saponins (crude saponin and total saponin) and ginsenoside Rbl Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rhl, and Rh2 in this study, we have examined the effects of the compounds on the induction of differentiation in normal rat mammary epithelial cells and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumor cells in culture. When normal rat mammary organoids were cultured in 100-mm culture plates in the presence or absence of ginseng saponins, there were four different cell colonies after two weeks in culture: cobble stone, spindle, honey comb, and senescence type colonies. Ginseng saponins showed different effects on the development of each colonies. Scrape-loading dye transfer tech-nique was performed to measure the effects of total saponin, Rhl, and Rh2 on intercellular junctional communication. Intercellular communication was not observed at short cultilral time, e.g., four or seven days, but when it cultured it up to two weeks, cell to cell communication was observed in saponin-treated cells. Reconstituted basement membrane, Matrigel, supported the growth and development several different multicellular structures from normal mammary organoids (e.g., ductal, webbed, stellate, and squamous colonies) or DMBA-induced mammary tumor (e.g., alveolar unit, foamy alveolar unit, squamous metaplasia, lobule-ductal, stellate, and webbed colony). In ginseng saponin-treated groups, webbed colonies were more and squamous colonies were less than control group. Moreover, the ductal colonies, marker tructure of well-differentiate mammary epithelial cells, were developed more in saponin-treated group than in control group. In conclusion, ginseng saponins affected on the differentiation of normal rat mammary epithelial cells and DMBA-induced mammary tumor cells in culture.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.431-440
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• 2004

Environment has formed characters of one society and the society has formed its characteristic cultural behaviors. Oppositely cultural behaviors make the characteristic products like environment and space products. It gives the idea that we can create cultural space by examining cultural characteristics. This research bases on the 5 cultural dimensions of Geert Hofstede to inspect cultural quality of Korea and the 10 cultural factors of Edward. T. Hall in order not to omit some part of cultural characters. From April 2004, KTX which is originated from TGV of France began toroll in Korea. It is interesting that the same interior of train is used by two different cultures. The method to find out the special quality of transportation culture of Korea passed 5 steps like following; 1) making a questionnaire to understand general concepts 2) observation to make dear what are the special behaviors in the interior of train 3) comparison valuation with marking sheet of the interiors of KTX and HSR in order to find out which space Korean people prefer 4) comparison of behaviors in the interior of KTX and TGV 5) Interviewing and surveying the opinions of passengers of KTX. With these methods it would be possible to seek out the characters, preferencesand needs for the interior space of train. There were remarkable things like following 1) importance of privacy from the other's eyes 2) seriousness of individual seat because of the short term transportation 3) necessity of continuous information because of 'Uncertainty Avoidance Culture' 4) absence of moving 5) requirement of bright and comfortable interior like one's inner room 6) preference to take a seat as a group with their friends or family due to 'Collective Culture' 7) self-defense and self-protection of one's baggage because of 'Uncertainty Avoidance Culture'. With these discoveries this research suggests guidelines to design interior of train of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

This study was performed to report a direct dose dependent stimulatory effect of the Flavonoid(F) on basal testosterone secretion and a dose dependent effect on LH induced testosterone production by Leydig cell of matured rats in vitro culture. F was obtained kom the Rhus vernicifua through aceton extraction and silica gel adsorption column chromatography. Leydig cells (1$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/well) from 12 weeks old rats were incubated with or without F(0, 20, 40, 80, 160 ng) or insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) in the presence or absence of LH(10, 100ng). 1. The maximal stimulatory concentrations of testosterone in culture media were showed at 24hr of culture. but these testosterone level were decreased at 36 hr of culture. 2. Flavonoid(80ng) were significantly(P ＜ 0.05) increased testosterone production compared with control groups for 12 hr culture. 3. Testosterone secretion by Leydig cells stimulated with LH(10, 100ng) for 6 hr and 12hr culture compared with 3 hr culture. 4. LH 10 ng augmented testosterone were increased by addition of F 40 ng for 12 hr culture. 5. F(0 and 40 ng) also enhanced LH 10 ng stimulated testosterone for 3 hr Leydig cells culture. 6. Addition of IGF-I 100 ng to the culture medium for 6 hr were increased the concentration of testosterone by Leydig cells stimulated with 100 ng LH. These results indicate that Flavonoid has a direct stimulatory effect on basal testosterone secretion in rat Leydig cells, and also modulates LH mediated testosterone. Therefore, Flavonoid may act as a modulator on gonadal development or gonadal steroidogenesis in direct or indirect.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.30
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• pp.123-159
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• 2010

Dongyi (Chinese: 東夷; pinyin: $D{\bar{o}}ngy{\acute{i}}$; Wade-Giles: Tung-yi; literally "eastern 'barbarians'") was a collective term for people in eastern China and in the east of China. People referred to as Dongyi vary across the ages. The early Dongyi culture was one of earliest neolithic cultures in China. According to the earliest Chinese record, Zuo Zhuan, the Shang Dynasty was attacked by King Wu of Zhou, while attacking Dongyi, and collapsed afterwards Dongyi culture was one of the oldest neolithic cultures in China. Some Chinese scholars extend the historical use of Dongyi to prehistoric times, according to this belief, the neolithic culture correlates to Houli culture, Beixin culture, Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture, five evolutionary phases. Deliang He, thinks that Dongyi culture used to be one of the leading cultures in neolithic China. The writing system of Dongyi was one of the oldest writing systems in neolithic China. There are opinions that the 20 pictogram characters discovered in a Dongyi tomb (山東?縣大汶口墓葬) in Shangdong indictates some of the characters found, like "旦, 越, 斤, 皇, 封, 酒, 拍, ?", are still used in Chinese characters. There are also opinions that Dongyi people were the inventor of arrows. Some classic Chinese history records like Zuo Zhuan, Shuowen Jiezi, Classic of Rites, all have some similar records about this. [3][4] The legendary god of archery in Chinese mythology, Houyi, could also be a Dongyi leader. Based on archeology findings, Dongyi people's ancestral worship totem is bird-shaped. In the meantime, The fundamental thing that Koreans should do is to find out Korean identy. Koreans cannot achieve their goals unless they enforce politics economics, educations, etc. in harmony with their own identity. However, some people say that Koreans do not have any dentity on the grounds that there is no Korean traditional thought. This view is, however, absolutely absurd because it is impossible for a nation to exist for oner five thousand years without having it's own native characteristics. The most essential thought in Korean identity is Confucius' In(仁). In is originated from Yi(夷) or Yi-jok(夷族)'s heart. On this account, Confucius' In can be a precious thought to Korean people who have been suffering from many problem caused by the absence of Korean identity. If Korean could understand their original characteristics and if Korean couldrealize that their original characteristics are Confucius' In, then our culture and identity recovery of though may maximize efficiency of country and society development.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to explore and understand acculturation focusing on reproductive health of immigrant women. Methods: For the research sixteen immigrant women were selected by snowball sampling. Qualitative data were accumulated by in-depth interviews and private document collection. Raw data was analyzed following Mandelbaum's conceptual framework. Results: The dimensions of immigrant women consisted of existence: emerging from the new environment in which it was hard to communicate and to get acquainted with others, reproduction: in the absence of learning and experience, reproductive health crisis, parenting: unmanageable burden. Turnings of life involved 'Inconvenience in one's eyes, vent for conflict and tension: pregnancy', 'strange medical care: accoucheur, rapid medical service', 'pain of morning sickness: poor maternal nutrition', 'manifestation of protective instinct for life'. In adaptations, content was as follows. 1) Standing alone as a Korean housewife, 2) Becoming aware of Korean maternal instinct: thirst for education supporting, 3) Rediscovery of family: growing maternal sense of existence. Conclusion: The results of this study show the acculturation process and the meaning of events related to reproductive health in current lives and can contribute to an integrated understanding of married immigrant women in Korean culture.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2019

About 15% to 20% of all clinically recognized pregnancies result in spontaneous abortion or miscarriage, and chromosomal anomalies can be identified in up to 50% of first trimester miscarriages. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is currently considered first-tier testing for detecting fetal chromosomal abnormalities and is supported by the absence of cell culture failure or erroneous results due to cell contamination in pregnancy loss. Triploidy is a lethal chromosome number abnormality characterized by an extra haploid set of chromosomes. Triploidy is one of the most common chromosomal aberrations in first trimester spontaneous abortions. Here, we report two cases of triploidy abortion that were not detected using array comparative genomic hybridization-based CMA. The aim of this report was to remind clinicians of the limitations of chromosomal testing and the misdiagnosis that can result from biased test selection.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.68
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• pp.197-218
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• 2015

China is a land of guanxi, everything is connected with guanxi. China has a business culture based on guanxi connections underpinned by strong Confucian ethics. However, there are some reasons why it is difficult for western companies to run businesses in China. Firstly, foreign firms lack the understanding and experiences necessary for doing business in China. They don't know the absence of alternatives is one of reasons that guanxi is so powerful in Chinese society. Secondly, there are many misconceptions about guanxi. It is easier for many foreign scholars or businessmen to equate guanxi with corruption due to the ambiguity of guanxi. Thus, if a foreign enterprise possesses guanxi, it can be a source of competitive advantage for doing business due to lack of law systems for anti-corruption activities in China. Furthermore, it is gaining increasing importance not only in Business to Government(B2G) but also in Business to Consumers(B2C) relationships. Therefore,managers should pay great attention to the proper use of guanxi instead of being involved in corrupt behaviours because now the governments hold a strong attitude against corruption. In particular, establishment of working guanxi through red envelops(basically giving money) or illegal gifts can cause a great problem for both parties, which were naturally accepted among most government officials and businessmen until recently.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.67-76
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• 1978

A comparative investigation of fine structure of callus cells derived from tissue culture of Panax ginseng was made by electron microscope. Callus was consisted of large superficial cells and small inner zone cells derived from shoot apex tissue cultured for 16 weeks. Large superficial cells were contained the clusters of starch grains surrounded by a double plastid membrane. Especially, electron dense particles were deposited just inside and outside of plastid membrane and also deposited on mitochondria-like and endoplasmic reticulum-like structures. Crystalline body was also found in superficial cells. Small inner zone cells were characterized by presence of proplastids sheathed by short endoplasmic reticulum profiles. presence of spiral configuration of ribosomes and absence of crystalline body. Organ primordia was consisted of a dense cytoplasm and notable nucleate cells derived from nodal tissue cultured for 67 weeks. Proplastids containing starch grains and crystalline bodies were frequently observed; starch grains are of small quantity and does not form the clusters as in inner zone cells; hexagonal crystalline body itself does not have always limiting membrane. Remarkably. in a few cells of primordia, particles resembling the presumptive virus were observed mainly in condensed nuclear chromatin and also in cytoplasm, in mitochondrion-like organelle.