• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2000

Thyroid carcinoma is relatively rare in children. Eight cases of thyroid carcinoma were among 18 patients operated upon for thyroid tumors at Pediatric Surgery, Asan Medical Center in 11 years' period between 1989 and 2000. Five patients were boys and three were girls. The age distribution ranged from 10 to 14 years with a median age of 11.6 years. We studied clinical presentations, diagnostic workup, pathology, treatment, and follow-up (recurrence, mortality, and survival). All patients presented with anterior neck mass but one with multiple cervical lymph nodes enlargement. Familial history of thyroid cancer was seen in one case. All patients had a cold nodule by 1-131 thyroid scan. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy was performed in all patients. The right lobe was involved in four patients and the left lobe in two. Two had both lobes involvement. Pathologically, six cases were papillary carcinoma, one was follicular carcinoma, and one insular carcinoma. Four patients underwent unilateral lobectomy and isthmectomy. Total thyroidectomy was performed in three patients. The insular carcinoma case was preoperatively diagnosed as follicular neoplasm by FNA. After confirmation of the pathology by initial right thyroid lobectomy, total thyroidectomy was subsequently done. Cervical lymph node metastases were presented in three cases (37.5%), and lung metastasis in two cases (25%). Three patients received postoperative I-131 ablation. After a median follow-up of 53 months, all patients were alive without evidence of recurrence. In conclusion, thyroid carcinoma in children is frequently associated with lymph nodes involvement and distant metastasis, however, the prognosis is relatively good.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2014

Eyestalk ablation (ESA) is commonly used in aquaculture to stimulate ovarian maturation in crustaceans, and methyl farnesoate (MF) affects crustacean molting and reproduction. To investigate the physiological effects of ESA and MF treatments on the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, we compared the effects of single eyestalk removal and MF injections. The ESA group had the lowest survival rate (50%), and individuals in the $0.1{\mu}g$ and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF-treated groups had survival rates of 80 and 73.3%, respectively. Conversely, molting numbers were highest in the ESA group, and similar to those of the 1.0-${\mu}g$ MF group. To investigate shrimp growth, we measured body weight during the experimental period and found that individuals in the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups showed significant increases in body weight. Furthermore, to investigate the effects of ESA and MF treatments on gonadal maturation, the gonad somatic index (GSI) was calculated after the experiment. All treated groups (ESA and MF) had higher GSI values than the control group, but the ESA and $1.0{\mu}g$ MF groups were not significantly different. Using histological ovary analysis, we determined that all treated groups showed indications of the previtellogenic stage, unlike the control group (immature stage). These results suggest that the high-MF-concentration treatment produced effects similar to those of ESA with respect to molting number, growth, and ovarian maturation.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.268-275
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• 2021

Background: The study aimed to evaluate nasal reconstruction techniques customized for Asians. The currently available nasal reconstruction guidelines are based on Caucasian patients, and their applicability is limited in Asian patients due to differences in anatomical and structural features. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of the medical records of 76 patients who underwent nasal reconstruction at a single center between January 2010 and June 2020. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted of patients' baseline demographics and clinical characteristics, including age, sex, medical history, defect size and location, reconstructive procedure, pathological diagnosis, postoperative complications, and recurrence. Results: In 59 cases (77%), nasal defects resulted from tumor ablation, and the remaining 17 cases involved post-traumatic (20%) and infection-induced (3%) tissue damage. The most common defect location was the alae, followed by the sidewalls, tip, and dorsum. Forehead flaps were the most commonly used reconstructive technique, followed by nasolabial advancement flaps, rotation flaps, and skin grafts. Each procedure was applied considering aspects of structural anatomy and healing physiology specific to Asians. Complications included nasal deformity, hypertrophic scarring, secondary infection, and partial flap necrosis, but no cases required additional surgical procedures. Tumors recurred in two cases, but tumor recurrence did not significantly affect flap integrity. Conclusion: Nasal reconstruction techniques applied considering Asians' facial features resulted in fewer postoperative complications and higher patient satisfaction than the approaches that are currently in widespread use. Therefore, this study is expected to serve as an essential reference for establishing treatment guidelines for nasal reconstruction in Asians.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2019

Objectives: Dental implants shorter than 8 mm, called short dental implants (SDIs), have been considered to have a lower success rate than standard length implants. But recent studies have shown that SDIs have a comparable success rate, and implant diameter was more important for implant survival than implant length. Also, SDIs have many advantages, such as no need for sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting, which may limit use in medically compromised patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 33 patients with 47 implants 7-mm long were examined over the last four years. All patients had special medical history and were categorized into 3 groups: systemic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus (controlled or uncontrolled), mental disability, and uncontrolled hypertension; oral cancer ablation with reconstruction, with or without radiotherapy; diverse osteomyelitis, such as osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Most of these patients have insufficient residual bone quality due to mandible atrophy or sinus pneumatization. Results: The implant diameters were 4.0 (n=38), 4.5 (n=8), and 5.0 mm (n=1). Among the 47 implants placed, 2 implants failed before the last followup. The survival rate of 7-mm SDIs was 95.74% from stage I surgery to the last follow-up. Survival rates did not differ according to implant diameter. The mean marginal bone loss (MBL) at 3 months, 1 and 2 years was significantly higher than at implant installation, and the MBL at 1 year was also significantly higher than at 3 months. MBL at 1 and 2 years did not differ significantly. Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, the results indicate that SDIs provide a reliable treatment, especially for medically compromised patients, to avoid sinus lifting or vertical bone grafting. Further, long-term follow-up is needed.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2021

Stainless steel, a type of steel used for high-temperature parts, may cause damage when exposed to high temperatures, requiring additional coatings. In particular, the Cr₂O₃ product layer is unstable at 1000℃ and higher temperatures; therefore, it is necessary to improve the oxidation resistance. In this study, an aluminide (Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃) coating layer was formed on the surface of STS 630 specimens through Al diffusion coatings from 500℃ to 700℃ for up to 25 h. Because the coating layers of Fe₂Al₅ and FeAl₃ could not withstand temperatures above 1200℃, an Al₂O₃ coating layer is deposited on the surface through static oxidation treatment at 500℃ for 10 h. To confirm the ablation resistance of the resulting coating layer, dynamic flame exposure tests were conducted at 1350℃ for 5-15 min. Excellent oxidation resistance is observed in the coated base material beneath the aluminide layer. The conditions of the flame tests and coating are discussed in terms of microstructural variations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.364-377
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• 2022

An anatomical understanding of the atrial myocardium is crucial for surgeons and interventionists who treat atrial arrhythmias. We reviewed the anatomy of the inter-nodal and intra-atrial conduction systems. The anterior inter-nodal route (#1) arises from the sinus node and runs through the ventral wall of the atrial chambers. The major branch of route #1 approaches the atrioventricular node from the anterior aspect. Other branches of route #1 are Bachmann's bundle and a vestibular branch around the tricuspid valve. The middle inter-nodal route (#2) begins with a broad span of fibers at the sinus venarum and extends to the superior limbus of the oval fossa. The major branch of route #2 joins with the branch of route #1 at the anterior part of the atrioventricular node. The posterior inter-nodal route (#3) is at the terminal crest and gives rise to many branches at the pectinate muscles of the right atrium and then approaches the posterior atrioventricular node after joining with the vestibular branch of route #1. The branches of the left part of Bachmann's bundle and the branches of the second inter-nodal route form a thin myocardial network at the posterior wall of the left atrium. These anatomical structures could be categorized into major routes and side branches. There are 9 or more anatomical circles in the atrial chambers that could be structural sites for macro re-entry. The implications of normal and abnormal structures of the myocardium for the pathogenesis and treatment of atrial arrhythmias are discussed.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2016

간세포암종은 만성 간질환과 간경변증을 동반하는 경우가 많고, 예후에 종양 인자 이외에도 잔존 간 기능이 주요한 영향을 미친다. 또한, 간세포암종에 대한 고위험인자를 가진 경우 특정한 영상 소견(예: 고혈관성)을 보이면, 조직검사 없이도 비침습적인 진단이 가능하다. 다른 고형암에서와 마찬가지로 수술적 절제, 방사선치료, 항암치료 등의 치료가 시행되기도 하지만, 간세포암종에서만 이루어진다고도 할 수 있는 간이식, 경동맥화학색전술, 고주파열치료술과 같은 치료 방법들이 시행되기도 한다. 종양의 다양성, 치료 방법의 다양성, 사회적 여건(의료 보건 체계, 의료 자원의 가용성 등) 등을 반영하며 여러 간세포암종 가이드라인들이 발표되어 왔으며, 각 가이드라인들은 여러 측면에서 유사하면서도 서로 상이하기도 하다. 본고에서는 다음의 간세포암종 진료 가이드라인들을 살펴보고, 가이드라인들의 특징과 앞으로 가이드라인에서 다루어야 할 부분 등에 대하여 논하고자 한다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.414-419
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• 2023

Background: The recurrence of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in patients who have already undergone treatment with antiarrhythmic medication, catheter ablation, and the insertion of implantable cardioverter defibrillators is not uncommon. Recent studies have shown that bilateral cardiac sympathetic denervation (BCSD) effectively treats VAs. However, only a limited number of studies have confirmed the safety of BCSD as a viable therapeutic option for VAs. Methods: This single-center study included 10 patients, who had a median age of 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45-65 years) and a median ejection fraction of 58.5% (IQR, 56.2%-60.8%), with VAs who underwent video-assisted BCSD. BCSD was executed as a single-stage surgery for 8 patients, while the remaining 2 patients initially underwent left cardiac sympathetic denervation followed by right cardiac sympathetic denervation. We evaluated postoperative complications, the duration of hospital stays, and VA-related symptoms before and after surgery. Results: The median hospital stay after surgery was 2 days (IQR, 2-3 days). The median surgical time for BCSD was 113 minutes (IQR, 104-126 minutes). No significant complications occurred during hospitalization or after discharge. During the median follow-up period of 13.5 months (IQR, 10.5-28.0 months) from surgery, no VA-related symptoms were observed in 70% of patients. Conclusion: The benefits of a short postoperative hospitalization and negligible complications make BCSD a safe, alternative therapeutic option for patients suffering from refractory VAs.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.238-243
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• 2009

배경: 하지 정맥류의 치료에 있어 최소 침습 술기의 발달로 고주파 열폐쇄술이나 혈관 내 레이저)를 이용한 수술이 시행되고 있다. 빠른 시간 내에 효과적으로 혈관을 폐쇄시킬 수 있는 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ 고주파 열폐쇄 System이 국내에 소개되었으며, 본 연구는 이 시스템을 이용한 하지정맥류 치료의 조기 결과를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 5월 2일부터 2008년 5월 31일까지 고주파 열폐쇄술을 이용하여 수술을 받은 90예의 환자를 대상으로 본 연구를 시행하였다. 남자가 67명(74.4%)이었고 환자들의 평균 연령은 $57.9{\pm}11.0\;(23{\sim}78)$세였다. 수술 후 3주와 이후 3개월 간격으로 혈관 초음파와 임상 양상을 분석하였다. 결과: 수술 후 합병증은 반상 출혈(85예, 94.4%)이 가장 많았으며, 통증을 호소하는 경우가 27.8%, 감각 이상 25.6%, 수포 형성 8.9%, 부종 6.7%, 정맥염 2.2% 등이었다. 술후 3주에 시행한 초음파에서 정맥의 역류나 부분적 혈류 재개가 있었던 환자는 1예로, 치료 성공률은 98.9%였다. 3개월 후 초음파 검사상 혈류 재개가 1예에서 더 관찰되었으며, 이후 3개월 간격으로 시행한 혈관 초음파상 혈류 재개가 관찰되었던 환자는 없었으며, 1년 치료 성공률은 97.6%를 보였다. 혈류 재개를 보였던 2예의 환자는 계속 외래 추적 관찰 중이며, 현재까지는 수술 전 보였던 하지 부종이나 저림 등의 증상을 호소하지 않고 있다. 결론: 저자들은 국내에 처음으로 도입된 7 Fr. VNUS $ClosureFAST^{(R)}$ System을 이용하여 하지 정맥류 수술을 효과적으로 시행하였으며, 고위 결찰이나 기존의 고주파 열폐쇄술, 그리고 혈관내 레이저 치료와 장기적인 비교 분석이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.671-675
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• 2009

Prostate cancer has been a critical health problem due to an increase of prostate cancer-related deaths worldwide. Also, a frequent treatment option for prostate cancer is androgen ablation, but this treatment has a limited scope, especially for hormone-refractory cancer. There is an urgent need for the identification of alternative therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer. Previously, over one hundred species of dried-plant methanol extracts were tested for inhibitory effects on proliferation. One of them, Piper longum Linn. was selected based on its potent anti-proliferation effect. The dried root of P. longum Linn. was extracted with 100% methanol for 2-3 days and its extract was fractionated using chloroform. The chloroform layer was then subjected to column chromatography on silica gel, reverse phase-18 (RP-18) and Sephadex LH-20, in turn. Finally, the pure compound was obtained and identified as pipernonaline by NMR spectroscopic and physico-chemical analysis. In this study, anti-proliferation and cell cycle arrest effects of pipernonaline on human prostate cancer PC-3 cells were investigated using the MTT and PI staining, respectively. Our findings suggest that pipernonaline represents a dose-dependent growth inhibition pattern on PC-3 cells and, moreover, its growth inhibition is associated with sub-G1 and G0/G1 cell cycle accumulation in PC-3 cells. Also, these results provide an anticancer candidate for human prostate cancer.