References
- Baman JR, Passman RS. The future of long-term monitoring after catheter and surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022 Jan 20 [Epub]. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.15375.
- Garcia-Villarreal OA. Standardization in maze procedure: a step towards a better future. J Thorac Dis 2018;10(Suppl 33):S3887-9. https://doi.org/10.21037/jtd.2018.08.131
- Labombarda F, Hamilton R, Shohoudi A, et al. Increasing prevalence of atrial fibrillation and permanent atrial arrhythmias in congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:857-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.06.034
- Park HS, Jeong DS, Yu HT, et al. 2018 Korean Guidelines for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: part I. Int J Arrhythm 2018;19:186-234. https://doi.org/10.18501/arrhythmia.2018.011
- Lee JM, Jeong DS, Yu HT, et al. 2018 Korean Guidelines for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: part III. Int J Arrhythm 2018;19:285-339. https://doi.org/10.18501/arrhythmia.2018.013
- Shim H, Yang JH, Park PW, Jeong DS, Jun TG. Efficacy of the maze procedure for atrial fibrillation associated with atrial septal defect. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;46:98-103. https://doi.org/10.5090/kjtcs.2013.46.2.98
- Packer DL, Mark DB, Robb RA, et al. Effect of catheter ablation vs antiarrhythmic drug therapy on mortality, stroke, bleeding, and cardiac arrest among patients with atrial fibrillation: the CABANA Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019;321:1261-74. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.0693
- Phan K, Xie A, La Meir M, Black D, Yan TD. Surgical ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery: a cumulative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart 2014;100:722-30. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2013-305351
- Cox JL, Schuessler RB, Boineau JP. The development of the Maze procedure for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;12:2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-0679(00)70010-4
- Ho SY, McCarthy KP, Faletra FF. Anatomy of the left atrium for interventional echocardiography. Eur J Echocardiogr 2011;12:i11-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jer093
- Pawar P, Mumtaz Z, Phadke M, Bharati A, Mahajan A. Is left atrial fibrosis an independent determinant of atrial fibrillation in mitral stenosis? Indian Heart J 2021;73:503-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2021.06.021
- Westermann D, Schrage B. Mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. Heart 2020;106:713. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2019-316282
- Kwak JG, Seo JW, Oh SS, et al. Histopathologic analysis of atrial tissue in patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison between patients with atrial septal defect and patients with mitral valvular heart disease. Cardiovasc Pathol 2014;23:185-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2014.01.008
- Karunanithi Z, Nyboe C, Hjortdal VE. Long-term risk of atrial fibrillation and stroke in patients with atrial septal defect diagnosed in childhood. Am J Cardiol 2017;119:461-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.10.015
- Wu SJ, Fan YF, Chien CY. Surgical or interventional treatment for adult patients with atrial septal defect and atrial fibrillation: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2022;45:62-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.06.021
- Ogiso M, Ejima K, Shoda M, et al. Efficacy of catheter ablation for patients with atrial fibrillation and atrial septal defect. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2021;32:279-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/jce.14862
- Moak JP. Ablation of atrial arrhythmias in postoperative congenital heart disease patients: have we reached the upper limit of success or is it time for a paradigm shift in strategy? Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2017;10:e006021. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.117.006021
- Houck CA, de Groot NM, Kardys I, Niehot CD, Bogers AJ, Mouws EM. Outcomes of atrial arrhythmia surgery in patients with congenital heart disease: a systematic review. J Am Heart Assoc 2020;9:e016921. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.016921
- James TN. The connecting pathways between the sinus node and A-V node and between the right and the left atrium in the human heart. Am Heart J 1963;66:498-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(63)90382-X
- James TN. The internodal pathways of the human heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2001;43:495-535. https://doi.org/10.1053/pcad.2001.24598
- Sherf L, James TN. Fine structure of cells and their histologic organization within internodal pathways of the heart: clinical and electrocardiographic implications. Am J Cardiol 1979;44:345-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90327-8
- Ho SY, Sanchez-Quintana D, Cabrera JA, Anderson RH. Anatomy of the left atrium: implications for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1999;10:1525-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.1999.tb00211.x
- Ho SY, Anderson RH, Sanchez-Quintana D. Gross structure of the atriums: more than an anatomic curiosity? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2002;25:342-50. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00342.x
- Heart Museum. The heart museum 2019 [Internet]. Incheon: Heart Museum; 2019 [cited 2022 Jun 20]. Available from: http://heartmuseum.kr/.
- Seo JW, Yoon JK, Kim J, Tsao HM, Oh S. Intra-atrial inter-nodal conduction at the heart specimen. APHRS Newsl [Internet] 2020 [cited 2022 Jun 20];(51):3-4. Available from: https://www.aphrs.org/attachments/category/16/APHRS%News%No.51.pdf.
- Schotten U, Verheule S, Kirchhof P, Goette A. Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal. Physiol Rev 2011;91:265-325. https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2009
- Ferrier GR, Moffat MP, Lukas A. Possible mechanisms of ventricular arrhythmias elicited by ischemia followed by reperfusion: studies on isolated canine ventricular tissues. Circ Res 1985;56:184-94. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.56.2.184
- Cabrera JA, Ho SY, Climent V, Sanchez-Quintana D. The architecture of the left lateral atrial wall: a particular anatomic region with implications for ablation of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2008;29:356-62. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehm606
- Ho SY. Anatomy and myoarchitecture of the left ventricular wall in normal and in disease. Eur J Echocardiogr 2009;10:iii3-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/ejechocard/jep159
- Saito T, Waki K, Becker AE. Left atrial myocardial extension onto pulmonary veins in humans: anatomic observations relevant for atrial arrhythmias. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2000;11:888-94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2000.tb00068.x
- Hassink RJ, Aretz HT, Ruskin J, Keane D. Morphology of atrial myocardium in human pulmonary veins: a postmortem analysis in patients with and without atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2003;42:1108-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00918-5
- Weiss C, Gocht A, Willems S, Hoffmann M, Risius T, Meinertz T. Impact of the distribution and structure of myocardium in the pulmonary veins for radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2002;25:1352-6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.01352.x
- Kugler S, Nagy N, Racz G, Tokes AM, Dorogi B, Nemeskeri A. Presence of cardiomyocytes exhibiting Purkinje-type morphology and prominent connexin45 immunoreactivity in the myocardial sleeves of cardiac veins. Heart Rhythm 2018;15:258-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.09.044
- Padala SK, Cabrera JA, Ellenbogen KA. Anatomy of the cardiac conduction system. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2021;44:15-25. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.14107
- Sternick EB, Sanchez-Quintana D. Critical assessment of the concepts and misconceptions of the cardiac conduction system over the last 100 years: the personal quest of Robert H. Anderson. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021;8:5. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd8010005
- Davies MJ. Pathology of conducting tissue of the heart. London: Butterworths; 1971.
- Davies MJ, Pomerance A. Pathology of atrial fibrillation in man. Br Heart J 1972;34:520-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.34.5.520
- Anderson RH, Ho SY, Smith A, Becker AE. The internodal atrial myocardium. Anat Rec 1981;201:75-82. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092010110
- Holsinger JW Jr, Wallace AG, Sealy WC. The identification and surgical significance of the atrial internodal conduction tracts. Ann Surg 1968;167:447-53. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000658-196804000-00001
- Wenckebach KF. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der menschlichen Herztatigkeit [Contributions to the knowledge of the human heart activity]. Arch Anat Physiol 1907;1:1-2.
- Thorel C. Uber den Aufbau des Sinusknotens und seine Verbindung mit der Cava superior und den Wenckebachschen Bundeln [On the structure of the sinus node and its connection with the superior cava and Wenckebach's bundles]. Munch Med Wschr 1910;57:183-6.
- Bachmann G. The inter-auricular time interval. Am J Physiol 1916;41:309-20. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajplegacy.1916.41.3.309
- Hoffman BF. Fine structure of internodal pathways. Am J Cardiol 1979;44:385-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(79)90332-1
- Ho SY, Anderson RH, Sanchez-Quintana D. Atrial structure and fibres: morphologic bases of atrial conduction. Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:325-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6363(02)00226-2
- Cho Y, Lee W, Park EA, et al. The anatomical characteristics of three different endocardial lines in the left atrium: evaluation by computed tomography prior to mitral isthmus block attempt. Europace 2012;14:1104-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/eus051
- James TN. The development of ideas concerning the conduction system of the heart. Ulster Med J 1982;51:81-97.
- DeSimone CV, Noheria A, Lachman N, et al. Myocardium of the superior vena cava, coronary sinus, vein of Marshall, and the pulmonary vein ostia: gross anatomic studies in 620 hearts. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2012;23:1304-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02403.x
- Bhattacharyya S, Munshi NV. Development of the cardiac conduction system. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020;12:a037408. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a037408
- Anderson RH, Moorman AF. Recent developmental findings relevant to the clinical significance of the myocardial venous sleeves. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2012;23:1310-2. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02424.x
- Williams JM, Ungerleider RM, Lofland GK, Cox JL. Left atrial isolation: new technique for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1980;80:373-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5223(19)37762-1
- Cox JL, Schuessler RB, D'Agostino HJ Jr, et al. The surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. III. Development of a definitive surgical procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101:569-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5223(19)36684-X