• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.703-711
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• 2023

As an initial study to elucidate the molecular mechanism of how probiotics modulate macrophage activity, we monitored mRNA expression patterns in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) treated with two different strains of probiotics. After treatment with either Weissella cibaria WIKIM28 or Latilactobacillus sakei WIKIM50, total RNAs from PMs were isolated and subjected into gene chip analyses. As controls, mRNAs from vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline, PBS)-treated PMs were also subjected to gene chip analysis. Compared to vehicle (PBS)-treated PMs, WIKIM28-treated and WIKIM50-treated PMs exhibited a total of 889 and 432 differentially expressed genes with expression differences of at least 4 folds, respectively. Compared to WIKIM28-treated PMs, WIKIM50-treated PMs showed 25 up-regulated genes and 21 down-regulated genes with expression differences of more than 2 folds. Interestingly, mRNA transcripts of M2 macrophage polarization marker such as anxa1, mafb, and sepp1 were increased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. Reversely, mRNA transcripts of M1 macrophage polarization marker such as hdac9, ptgs2, and socs3 were decreased in WIKIM50-treated PMs comparing to those in WIKIM28-treated PMs. In agreement with these observations, mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1α were significantly reduced in WIKIM50-treated macrophages compared to those in WIKIM28-treated macrophages. These results may indicate that probiotics can be classified as two different types depending on their ability to convert macrophages into M1 or M2 polarization.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.101-117
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• 2024

This study empirically analyzed the factors affecting the intention to utilize manufacturing AI in SM-sized manufacturers by applying the TOE framework. Independent variables that are expected to influence were applied, focusing on TOE factors and managerial characteristics that reflect the characteristics of SME manufacturers. In addition, the mediating effect of technology trust and the moderating effect of factory location were analyzed. The results are as follows. First, the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent variable was tested, and the direct effects of the independent variables(complexity, organizational innovation, IT ability, competitive pressure, partner support, and managerial innovation) on the dependent variable were all statistically significant, except for compatibility. Second, the mediation effect of technology trustness was verified to have a full mediation effect between compatibility and utilization intention, and a partial mediation effect between managerial innovation and utilization intention. Third, among the seven independent variables, the moderating effect of factory location(metropolitan and non-metro) between the three independent variables of IT ability, competitive pressure, and partner support and the utilization intention was found to be significant. To increase the intention to utilize manufacturing AI for SM-sized manufacturers, it is recommended that more diverse and broader studies are needed, not only the factors identified in this study, but also the understanding and awareness of manufacturing AI.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.62-64
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• 2002

Power quality monitoring system is devoted to more concern than before, because the innovation of industrial technology needs more accurate instruments and more advanced power quality. Therefore, this paper is proposed to use digital protective relays for power quality monitoring. In addition, taking power quality events, Electrical magnetic phenomenon of IEEE std 1159, proposing that adaptive power quality event list consider limitation memory capacity and signal processing ability of protective relay. The prototype S/W of power quality analysis is also developed. Especially this prototype S/W analysis scheme is verified through many kinds of power quality events (gathering protective relay data) in EMTP simulation.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 1998

Electronic cash affects central bank in many areas, in particular regarding the issuance of money, supervision of cashless payments, supervision of the banking system and monetary policy. The effects of electronic cash on central bank policies, the security and integrity of the payment system, and naturally also on single sector such as company engaged in the transport of money and valuables, depend mainly on the extent to which the new payment methods can replace cash. The possible development of electronic cash merits special attention from central banks for at least three reasons. First, central banks are concerned that the introduction of the new payment instrument should have no adverse effect on public confidence in the payment system and payment media. Second, although the substitution of electronic cash for other forms of money should not theoretically hamper central bank's ability to control the money supply, it might, however, have practial implications, at least in the long run, which need to be carefully examined. Third, because electronic cash may be used for payments of very small value, they have the potential, more than any other cashless instrument, to take over the role of notes and coins in the economy and, therefore, have implications for central bank's activities and revenues.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.227-245
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• 2000

Korean firms have attempted to catch up in the aircraft industry during last quarter century. Korean firms have built up their capabilities by moving from parts manufacturing through subassembly to system integration. The number of projects carried out and the intensity of technological effort undertaken by firms strongly influences market position and firm performance. However, successful catching up is not simply dependent on capability building within the firm. The national environment (Porter, 1990) in which firms are located plays a pivotal role. The Korean government has been effective in creating a favorable environ-ment in many areas, but has not been able to replicate this success in the aircraft industry. Opportunities for learning in the aircraft industry have been hampered by the small size of the Korean civilian aircraft market and the sophisticated requirements of military systems. A policy of domestic rivalry in airframe manufacture has created too many firms for such a small market. The ability of Korean firms to catch up in the aircraft industry depends on both the internal capabilities of firms as well as appropriate government policies and the involve- ment of government research institutions and universities over an extended period of time. There have been many studies about the catching up of developing countries in mass production (such as automobile, consumer electronics, and recently DRAM), but few in complex systems, such as aircraft.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.290-308
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• 1999

In this study a system for the treatment or recyling of organic wastes from both urban and rural area was recommended. It was developed based on the resource recovery system regarding human being by four tectnologies; forage, methane production, high-grade composting and complete decomposition. High quality compost can be produced by combining several kind of wastes produced from urban and agricultural areas. High quality compost must possess not only general characteristics of ordinary compost, but also a superior ability to improve the soil properties and must contain more nutrients for plant. Cedar chips were recommended as the main bulking agent to adjust moisture contents and air permeability. Charcoal and zeolite can be used not only as the second bulking agent but also as fertilizer for improve the soil amendment. Complete decomposition of organic wastes is defined by organic matter being completely converted to $CO_2$ and water. All the input water was evaporated by the heat produced through the oxidation of organic matter, In the present study, the complete treatments were successfully achieved for Shochu wastewater, swine wastes, thickened excess sewage sludge, wastes produced by Chinese restaurant and anaerobic digested sludge. First of all, recycling center of organic wastes should be established for the protect the environments and effective recovery of organic resources. This may means the way to derive the recovery of human value.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.105-109
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• 2020

The Future Army in 2050 should prepare for various future threats and effectively utilize its superintelligence and hyper-connected weapons systems to develop ways of fighting new concepts to dominate multi-regional battlefields and achieve victory. First, the establishment of active and offensive military strategies based on ability. Second, the battle of central strike for enemy combat will paralysis. Third, the battle of simultaneous integrated mosaic using multidisciplinary areas. Fourth, cyber warfare based on artificial intelligence that transcends time and space. Fifth, Combined Platform War. After all, future wars will be won or lost by invisible wars on cyber space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.45-57
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• 2002

Since a new entrant in the telecommunications market requires time in order to construct its own network, a requirement on the incumbent operator to implement carrier selection and pre-selection can enable a new entrant to immediately attract customers and earn revenue. Carrier selection can normally be accomplished in two ways, on a call-by-call basis or through carrel pre-selection. Call-by-call selection allows customers to choose a new entrant rather than the incumbent carrier using a specific code designated to the new carrier each time a call is made. Carrier Pre-Selection, on the other hand, allows customers directly connect to the network of one provider to have access automatically to another company's services when they pick up the phone to make certain types of calls. The carrier pre-selection option is generally considered to be a second regulatory step following the implementation of the call-by-call carrier selection option. Carrier pre-selection with the ability to override on a call-by-call basis for long distance, international, local, and fixed-to-mobile calls has now been implemented in many EU countries. This paper attempts to identify the issues in introducing CPS and to draw policy implications from other countries' experiences.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.235-262
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• 2012

Although a commercialization of developed technology is an important factor for firm's competitiveness, the success rate in technology commercialization is significantly low. This fact raises a need of an analysis on factors affecting success in technology commercialization. Thus, in this study, in order to determine the success factors of technology commercialization, statistical analysis is done on 4 different elements of Korean automobile industry firms: managerial group attitude, market orientation, technology quality, and government support; and developed a causal-relationship model of the above elements and commercialization. In the developed model, two moderating variables, corporate ability and industry classification, are added to determine the level of correlations respect to two moderating variables. As a result of hypothesis tests, market orientation, managerial attitude as an antecedent variable; and government support, technology quality as an antecedent variable, both have significant correlation with technology commercialization. For moderating variables, a corporate ability has moderating effects on the connections of managerial attitude, market orientation and technology commercialization; but an industry classification has a moderating effect only on the link between technology quality and government support. The results of this research serve a contribution to the development of R&D efficiency improvement by providing government with direction in science & technology policy.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

The well-known tradeoff of Java's portability is the inefficiency of its basic execution model, which relies on the interpretation of an virtual machine. Many solutions have been proposed to overcome this problem, such as just-in-time(JIT) and offline bytecode compilers. However, JIT compiler can not avoid the overhead of runtime. since it translate bytecode into native code at runtime. And, pure offline bytecode compiler limits the ability of dynamic class loading. In this paper, we present an approach which preserves the ability to dynamically load bytecode, and is more efficient than JIT. In contrast to existing bytecode-to-C translator using the old NMI, our translator maintain complete compatibility and portability through using the Java Native Interface(JNI) standard. We have designed and implemented an translator for converting bytecode to C code with JNI.. named MyJNItool.