• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.186-196
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate interpersonal competence and social support and their mediating effects on the relationship between caring efficacy and empathy in nursing students. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data collection was conducted from February 5 to February 12, 2019, from 254 students enrolled in the Department of Nursing in Jeollabuk-do and Chungcheongbuk-do. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: As a result of verifying the mediating effects of social support and interpersonal competence on the relationship between the empathy ability and caring efficacy of nursing college students, it was found that social support and interpersonal competence partially mediated the relationship between the two variables (Z=1.68, p=.046). Conclusion: Through this study, a theoretical basis was provided that when applied to an educational program could improve nursing students' caring efficacy. Content that can improve not only empathy but also social support and interpersonal competence should be included.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1-22
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to explore whether and how infants showed their empathy in everyday lives at a childcare center. Methods: The participants of this research were 10 infants (23~31 months) attending a one-year-old classroom in a childcare center located in Seoul, and the data were collected primarily thorough participant observations. Results: The infants showed four categories of empathy in their everyday lives. The first one was related to the safety of their peers; it was presented when the infants found out that their peers were sick, in trouble, and having a hard time separating from their parents, or when they found possible risks to their peers. The second one was related to the achievement of their peers; it was presented when the infants noticed their peers trying hard to continue their play. The third one was related to the infants' pleasure; it was presented when they felt shared interests and joy with their peers. The fourth one was related to the infants' self-reflection; it was presented when the infants found out that what they had been doing made their peers upset. Conclusion/Implications: These results demonstrate infants' ability to empathize with others and also imply the need to support their development of empathy continuously.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.454-462
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• 2018

This study examines the influence of pre-service early childhood teacher's empathy and interpersonal competence on teacher efficacy. The subjects of this study include 358 pre-service early childhood teachers. The instruments used in this study were the emotional empathy scale, interpersonal competence questionnaire (ICQ) and the teacher efficacy scale. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS program. In order to determine the general background of the pre-service teachers, the frequency and percentages were used. For examination of empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, a descriptive statistics analysis was conducted. In addition, in order to assess the relationship among empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted. Lastly, for the examination of the effects and relative explanation of empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers, multiple regression analysis was conducted. The results of this study were as follows: first, pre-service early childhood teachers were shown to have higher empathetic ability, interpersonal relationships and teacher efficacy rates than average. Second, there was a positive correlation among empathetic ability, interpersonal competence and teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers. Third, teacher efficacy of pre-service early childhood teachers was influenced by their empathetic ability and interpersonal competence. The results of this study suggest that teacher efficacy improvement programs for pre-service early childhood teachers should consider their empathetic ability. Also, study results emphasize the necessity of empathetic ability and interpersonal relationship improvement program for pre-service early childhood teachers.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-45
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to develop a service learning education program for engineers and to investigate its educational effects. This study reviewed the concept and characteristics of service learning and examined the service learning education programs operated in higher education environments. The Service Learning Education Program was developed by integrating engineering design and community service activities. This program has been applied to the engineering education from 2014 to 2016. As a result of the study, the learners' satisfaction with service learning activities, empathy ability, and engineering design ability were improved. Based on the research results, practical implications are suggested to the instructors who want to develop the service learning education program for engineering students.

• Korean Journal of Gerontological Social Welfare
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• v.74 no.2
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• pp.61-85
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to understand empathy experiences of welfare practitioners who work with elderly people living alone. We conducted focus group interviews with 14 service-managers and life-managers who work at Single-Household Elderly Support Center, and analyzed the data using inductive subject analysis, one of the qualitative research methodologies. It was found that 2 subjects and 5 essential themes about empathy experiences of care service employees. first, care service employees were aware of the importance of empathic technology, while also having difficulty empathizing with clients. And sometimes they were feeling compassion Fatigue. second, they thought that there was a lack of empathy education for care service employees and therefore recognized the need for empathy programs that can act as a platform. Based on the results of this research, we suggested practical measures to improve empathy ability of practitioners who working with the elderly living alone.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors influencing nursing students' intentions to report child abuse. Methods: The participants of this study were 151 nursing students who were currently enrolled in nursing departments in Korea and who were at least 18 years of age or older. This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design, and the data were collected from February 16, to March 13, 2023, using an online self-administered survey. The questionnaire included general characteristics, empathy ability, child rights recognition, child abuse perception, and intention to report child abuse. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test, and multiple regression analysis using SPSS Statistics 29.0. Results: The intention to report child abuse showed statistically significant positive correlations with empathy ability (r=.23, p<.001), child rights recognition (r=.34, p<.001), and child abuse perception (r=.63, p<.001). In the multiple regression analysis, the factors significantly related to nursing students' intention to report child abuse were as follows: awareness of mandatory reporting (yes) (β=.16, p=.021) and child abuse perception (β=.56, p<.001). The explanatory power of these factors was 45.0% (F=20.03, p<.001). Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, it is necessary to develop and implement educational programs for improving the perception of child abuse and thus enhancing nursing students' intention to report child abuse.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.293-317
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• 2005

Female customers form a major customer group for Internet shopping and their trust on Internet stores seems to be significantly related with their transactions. This paper focuses on female customers' trust on Internet stores, hypothesizing that online service quality has a positive impact on trust and that trust, in turn, together with service quality has a positive effect on loyalty. We investigate trust from three dimensions(benevolence, integrity, and ability) and at the same time, unlike existing research, treat service quality to have five dimensions (intangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy) as known in SERVQUAL(Parasuraman et al., 1988). Survey data is obtained from the female college student sample. Our research model is justified in terms of construct validity, internal consistency, and goodness of fit. Research hypotheses are tested using SEM(Structural Equation Modeling). The results are as follows: First, assurance and empathy dimensions of service quality have significant impacts on benevolence/integrity dimension of trust. Second, out of the five service quality dimensions, only assurance has a positive effect on ability dimension of trust. Third, assurance dimension of service quality and ability dimension of trust are positively related with customer loyalty. The most important factors for female customers' loyalty are found to be assurance(service quality) and ability(trust). The significance of assurance is in line with findings from existing research. But its relationship with the trust dimensions is uncovered in this research, and the only dimension that impacts on ability is assurance. We find that female customers build trust about internet stores based on their ability rather than on their benevolence/integrity and that the female customers' perception on the internet stores' ability can be improved by higher service quality from the aspect of assurance. Importantly enough, these findings offer practical guidelines to Internet stores to boost female customers' loyalty.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-141
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• 2007

Objectives : Empathy has been conceptualized as the ability of emotional resonance and perspective-taking. Emotional awareness has been proposed as the basis of empathy. In this study we examined the relationship between empathy and mood awareness and their neural correlates in resting-state activity in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia. Methods : Empathy and mood awareness scale scores were compared between 29 patients with schizophrenia and 21 normal controls by voxel-based t-tests and voxel-based correlation analyses of resting-state $^{18}F$-FDG PET images. Results : Empathy and mood labeling scale scores were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients. Mood monitoring was positively correlated with empathy score in normal controls, but not in schizophrenic patients. In normal controls, empathy was positively correlated with resting-state activities in the intraparietal sulcus and mood monitoring was positively correlated with the temporal pole, frontopolar cortex, inferior temporal gyrus, entorhinal cortex and the subgenual prefrontal cortex resting activities. The orbitofrontal cortex resting activity was positively correlated with mood monitoring-related subgenual prefrontal cortex activity in the normal controls. Patients with schizophrenia showed decreased orbitofrontal resting activity and loss of its correlations with mood monitoring-related regional activities. Conclusion : This study showed that alteration in the resting-state activity in schizophrenia may reflect dysfunctional empathy and distorted characteristic of emotional awareness. However, the resting-state activity may not reflect the relationship between emotional awareness and empathy.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.121-143
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• 2016

The purpose of this study to analyze the effect of Mindfulness on the Therapeutic Relationship using System Dynamics. The biggest factor in psychotherapy's treatment outcome is the Therapeutic Relationship including the quality of the therapist (empathy, therapeutic presence) and therapy alliance. Mindfulness practice can facilitate the therapeutic relationship. In order to analyze the therapeutic relationship, I measure FFMQ(Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), Empathy, Therapeutic presence and Therapy alliance. Participants consist of 55 mental health professionals (doctor, psychologist, psychiatrist, counselor, social worker). The result of the study will be explained. First, with the causal loop diagram research, I analyze how mindfulness can influence the quality of therapist and therapy alliance. The result of literature research indicate that mindfulness increase therapist's empathy, congruence, therapeutic presence, flow, therapy alliance. And then mindfulness reinforces the ability of therapeutic relationship. Secondly, through the real data research and simulation analysis, mindfulness practicing period (year and hour a day) of therapist is studied. The result of the therapist experiencing mindfulness practice period is over 5 years and the daily hours of practice is 2 - 2.5 hours in order to enhance the therapeutic relationship. After reviewing the result of the research it is important to understand the practicing period and daily practice of mindfulness. With daily practice and time, the level of mindfulness will increase and influence positively the therapeutic relationship between therapist and client.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2014

This study identified the mediating effect of the child's emotional expression on the relationship between the mother's empathy and the child's prosocial behavior. The participants included 310 mothers of children between the ages of 2 and 5 from two kindergartens and four day care centers located in Gyeonggi-do. The mother's empathy was measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. The child's prosocial behavior was measured using the Preschoolers' Prosocial Behavior Index. The child's emotional expression was assessed using a questionnaire from previous research. First, older mothers and less educated mothers showed a higher level of empathy. Mothers over the age of 30 were more likely to have the ability to imagine other roles in movies or books, and to show empathic concern than those under 36. Mothers without a college degree showed a higher level of perspective-taking than those with a college degree. Second, girls were more likely to engage in prosocial behaviors and show emotional expressions than boys. Three-year-old children were more likely to share than two-year-old children, showed more initiative than two- and four-year-old children. Third, the mother's perspective-taking and empathic concern were significantly related to the child's prosocial behavior and emotional expression. The mother's personal distress was related to the child's control over emotions and awareness of other's emotion. Finally, the child's emotional expression had a mediating effect on the relationship between the mother's empathy and the child's prosocial behavior.