• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 1984

The socio-psychiatric study and personality analysis by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory on attempted suicides with drug intoxication in Seonsan-Gun and Cheongdo-Gun of Kyoungsang buk-Do was attempted to identify overall picture of attempted suicides and to detect some characteristics of personality. The total of 93 suicide attempted cases which were brought to the local clinics for the past 3 years from February, 1981 to February,1984 were sampled among them. The socio-psychiatric study and MMPI were performed with 45 attempters possible to be interviewed. The personalities of a group which answered "Still have the desire occasionally" or "Don't know about the present attitude toward suicide was compared with those of the other group who answered "Will not do it agagin". The results were as follows; 1) The sex ratio of the total attempters (93 cases) were 138.5. The highest rate by age group was found in the 3rd decade to be 27 cases. On the other hand, the sex ratio of interviewed cases were 136.8 and the highest rate was found in the age group of 50-59. 2) For the common characteristics of majority other than sex, 55.7% of cases were graduated primary school, and 62.2% were engaged in agriculture. 3) Except the fact that more of the attempted suicides happened during summer, there were no seasonal variation among other seasons. 4) The places selected for the attempted suicides were the houses in majority of cases (98%). Most of cases (53.3%) were found immediately after the attempt and 24.4% within one hour. For the poison taken, 86.7 took a sort of herbicides or insecticides, 55.6% were admitted to local clinics for only one day and 20% for two days. 5) The most common precipitating factors of the attempted suicides were family trouble and financial poverty. 6) The psychodynamic motives of the attempters were impulsive hostility(35.6%), abandonment(33.3%), guilt feeling (11.1%), manipulation and attention seeking (8.9%) and others. 7) In regard to their present attitude toward suicide, 29 cases (64.4%) expressed that they would never do such an act again, 37.8% of cases expressed that they really wanted to die at the time when they attempted. 8) The Psychopathic deviate, Paranoia, Depression, Schizophrenia scores were significantly higher in the attempters group who answered "Don't know" or "Possibly" for the question of "Will you attempt suicide again?" Than the group who answered" will not do it again".

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.175-183
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• 2000

The study was done by applying a phenomenological study, which is qualitative research methods, in order to understand the meaning of the lived experiences, to confirm and describe the meaning structure, and to prepare nursing interventive strategies centering around the meanings of the inpatients' families in the intensive care units. In the study, the family members were the main important nursing providers for in the inpatients' who were admitted in the neurosurgical intensive care unit in K-university hospital and who agreed to participate in the study after being given on explanation about the purpose of the study. The data were collected from the seven participants who had feelings of trust and intimacy favorable toward the researcher as they were families of patients who had been cared for by the researcher in the ICU where the researcher has been assigned. The data were collected from April to October, 1999. The participants described their experiences as candidly as possible. The researcher described closely the lived experiences with their own words and the observations of the researcher. A tape recorder was used with the consent of the participants to prevent nursing information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi; as an unit of description, which include the participants' expressions and the researcher's observations, the analysis was used based on the data described from the expressions of the participants and the details of observations of the researcher. The conclusions of the study were as follows : The meanings of the lived experience of the inpatients' families in the ICU was confirmed by indepth interviews and observations including these of the participatants : (1) Psychological impact: confusion, impatience, surprise, insensibility; (2) Physical suffering: fatigue, discomfort, indigestion; (3) Psychological suffering: heartbreaking emotion, anxiety, annoyance, fear, compassion, grief; (4) Economical suffering: economical difficulties; (5) Psychological disagreement: escape from reality, personnel avoidance, grudge, powerlessness, carefulness, transposition of life-tract, abandonment, role-crisis, hope, lack of understanding, regret, feeling of ambivalence(progressive process, medical personnel interest); (6) Psychological dependency; self-reliance group support, family support, religious support; (7) Psychological acceptance; acquaintance, gratitude, reassurance; The study will offer better understanding of experiences therefore, based on the experiences confirmed by the study, it may facilitate more appropriate nursing interventive strategies for health maintenance and to prevent occurrence of possible problems with the inpatients' families in the ICUs.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.98-109
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• 2002

Each kinds of the leather process wastes which is occurred in the leather making process is almost more than 50% on the basis of the raw hide. The emitted process wastes are important oil and fats and protein resources because they are composed of animal oil and fats and fibrous protein. But most of them are incinerate or filled up simply as the industrial wastes without applying to recycling into the other use. Thus the problems of environmental pollution are becoming more critical and the processing cost of the leather process wastes (40,000~60,000 won) is a heavy burden on the production cost. Because the organic wastes such as fleshing scrap, pelt scrap are high fetid, its unlawful abandonment without being processed properly causes the occurrence of secondary pollution by an offensive odor and leakage of waste water. Thus we made the re-resource experiments in order to resolve this problems. The principal contents of this study are to process the collected leather waste scrape through separate the oil and fat ingredients with various propert by processing various chemicals and enzymes on the next effector. The re-resource application of separated oil and fat ingredients produced chemical for leather applicable to manufacturing process of leather through chemical transformation process(sulphation reaction, sulphitation reaction etc.) of oil and fats.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.175-185
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• 2013

The judgement which is subject of research has denied legal rescission of division of the inherited property by agreement based on (1) the fact that the division of inherited property terminated at the time of concluding mutual agreement in its nature while only the relationship of claim and obligation between the inheritor who has paid for such obligation and the inheritor who has acquired such obligation in the mutual agreement remains (2) and the fact that the legal stability is considerably hindered as the re-partition of inherited property having retroactive effect becomes unavoidable in case of approving the legal rescission of the division of the inherited property by agreement. But it is reasonable to also approve legal rescission on the division of the inherited property by agreement in case the division by agreement actually has the nature such as conditional donation between joint heirs (1) from the fact that the division of the inherited property by agreement gets the nature of disposal equivalent to exchange, transfer and abandonment of share between joint heirs in actuality, (2) and the fact that there are no other theories in approving the validity of mutually agreed rescission despite the fact that the re-partition of inherited property having retroactive effect is unavoidable even in case of the mutually agreed rescission of the division by agreement among all joint heirs. However, as the division of the inherited property by agreement is a contract that gets concluded only if all joint heirs participate, even the legal rescission for the reason of not fulfilling the obligations paid by one party of the heirs during the division by agreement must be considered as possible only by expression of intentions from all other joint heirs excluding this one party.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.799-812
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• 2000

This study adopts the phenomenological approach in order to explore the experience of urinary felt by the small island women and to find the meaning and structure of their experience, for the further understanding of them. This study succeeded in detecting five topics and three basic structure from eight participants, and followings are the comprehensive statement of them. The five topics include neglect of care after childbirth, unavoidable life in the tidal flat, shame which cannot be expressed even to their husbands, endless anxiety toward the expected future, and sad(dilemmatic) lived experience. The basic structure is that small island women who have urinary incontinence are apt to regard their disease as a natural destiny of women who fail to get adequate care after childbirth, and something to be endured to live in the seashore. They think of urinary incontinence as something so shameful that they cannot reveal it even to their husband and family. They believe that it even changes their personality since they must always stay alert in order to cope with the situation; for example, when it takes place unexpectedly, like too often to go to toilet, to change the underwears, to wake up in the middle of the night to go to toilet, to try not to laugh loudly, or to have showers. In addition, they accept it as a natural process of aging and incurable disease, and they consider themselves already ruined on the way of becoming uglier. They show dilemmatic abandonment: give it up unwillingly but at the same time think it is natural for others too. The unique experience of small island women with urinary incontinence implied in those statement are inseparable with the specific conditions for survival in the island. Unlike other diseases, it is considered the result of traditionally poor care after childbirth. However this misunderstanding that it is a natural phenomena for all the women who experience childbirth and aging and thereby incurable leads to an undesirable attitude toward urinary incontinence. According to the analysis, environmental conditions specific for small islands make the women there have distinct and unique experience concerned with urinary incontinence. Consequently, the future nursing plan for urinary incontinence in the small island area must be made and enforced with the consideration of these specific phenomenological meanings. Modern Korean nursing has basically been centered to hospital or urban areas. Besides, nursing intervention has long depended upon the research of western countries. This research, however, shows how greatly the regional and cultural characteristics influence the understanding of a certain disease, and is expected to make more specific and in-depth nursing approach enable for those who have urinary incontinence in small islands.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.110-115
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• 2003

The iufluence of abandonment of agricultural fields on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics is rarely addressed due to lack of appropriately paired sites. In this study, we identified three sites that have native forest and abandoned rice and crop fields at Mt. Kumdan near Seoul. Currently the vegetation of indigenous forest and the abandoned rice field is deciduous hardwood forest, while that of the abandoned crop field is deciduous shrub. We measured soil $CO_2$ evolution and inorganic N availability for the three sites from 25 July 2002 through 24 January 2003. Soil $CO_2$ evolution tracked seasonal soil temperature. Mean soil $CO_2$ evolution (g $CO_2$/$m^2$/hr) for the study period was 0.42 for the rice field to forest, 0.50 for the crop field to shrub, and 0.41 for the indigenous forest, respectively. Soil $CO_2$ evolution and soil temperature were not different among the sites; however, soil water content was significantly different. Soil water content had a very weak influence on soil $CO_2$ evolution. Inorganic resin N availability differed among the three sites and seemed to be related to soil moisture.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2010

Most of the dredged sand generated from the sewage pipe maintenance project and the government's four-river project are disposed depending on abandonment and filling-up. This is caused by the lack of related recycling technology using dredged sand appropriately and high absorption rate and micro-particles of dredged sand producted from existing sand production system. Thus, this study carried out a quality assessment for the dredged sand produced through the optimum washing and sorting system supplementing problems of existing dredged sand production system as a part of research to examine performance of removing micro-particles and foreign substances. As a result of the assessment, the dredged sand produced through the cleaning and sorting system showed a wide quality improvement effect in absorption rate, 0.08 mm sieve pass amount, clay lump volume and organic impurity content, and it turned out to satisfy both the quality standards of this study, KS F 2573(recycled aggregate for concrete) and KS F 2526(aggregate for concrete) so it could be confirmed that it would be able to be used as an aggregate for concrete in the future.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.135-150
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• 1996

This study was performed to analyze the patient's experience during the progress of disease in the patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee Joint. The examine was consisted of five patients with osteoarthritis, who are taken the replacement surgery of knee joint from Dec. 4. 1995 to May, 20, 1996 at C university hospital. After hospitalization, the physical and psycho-logical status of the patients during preoperation, postoperation and discharge was examined. The data were examined according to the ethnographic method. The results are as follows. The patients experienced the periods of embarrasment, conflict, before surgery suffering, acceptance period after surgery. In the embarrasment period, the patients take a multiple medication therapy including hospital treatment, oriental medication and folk medication to ameliorate joint pain after first diagnosis on arthritis. The embarrasment period includes compulsive drug medication, oriental medication, folk medication, trouble some, sadness and survey of hospitals. In the conflict period, the patients consider the operation of knee because of working difficulty and severe Joint Pain, while they feel anxiety about the surgery. They condemn their physical situations. They have the conflict and anxiety on surgical operation. they consider the quality of life. They hope the surgery makes patients to improve walking ability. This period includes self-condemned, sorry, tiresomeness, expectation, worrisomeness, anxiety and hesitance. In the suffering period, the patients experience post operation physical discomfort after the total knee replacement. They do physical exercise, including extension and straight leg raising to maintain walking ability, while they endure to wait approximately 6 months for normal walking movements and they are also unstable to environmental people's sight. This period includes postoperative pain, continuous discomfort, inability and communication difficulty to other's people. In the acceptance period, the patients consider longerity of artificial Joint and also endure mild remaining joint pain. Some of them have religions for their wellbeing of life. This period include a self-protesting policy, abandonment, self-consolation, dependence on religions. According to the result from this study I suggested these shown below. 1) After replacement surgery of knee joint, continuous investigation on outcome patient is necessary. 2) It is also necessary to analyze on patient's experiences, who are taken the replacement surgery of hip Joint. 3) Study on disease experiences of patients with rhematoid arthritis, who take drug medication and physical therapy alone without surgery, is necessary. 4) Investigation on patient's favorable folk medication may be helpful to analyze disease experience of patients with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.21
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• pp.61-101
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• 1991

This study reviews the development and change of main entry principle in German cataloging codes, with special emphasis on RAK. With rerard to the functions of catalog, comparison between the traditional title main entry in the Orient and author main entry in the West has been made. The analysis confirms in this study that various criteria in choice of the entries in RAK have been adopted. In case of works where the persons who have played different roles in the works are named on the title page, as well as related works and works of mixed responsibility, the criteria of entry determination are complex and time consuming process and have no absolute value. And there are also various kinds of problems in corporate entries including confirmation of originator(Urheber), choice of either the territorial authority corncerned or corporate bodies as an entry depending on the nature of the publications, and a unique bibliographical situation of treaties. This means the code is absence of absolute value in selecting entries, and this results in adoption of main entry principle which has lost its significance for the purpose of cataloging. With emergence of the ISBD and actualization of automated cataloging, morever, all entries are equal as points of access. It would eliminate the need for personal judgements required in choice of main entry by the present code. In doing so, it would bring uniformity and standardization to cataloging practice. In direct approach to works, title entry is more developed finding device than author entry in cataloging theories. Thus introduction of unit card system beginning with title which is adopted in KCR3 would be desirable, the complicated rules for the choice of entry could be abandoned from cataloging codes. Most of the user studies show that catalog users have placed higher value on the title entry as a finding device and each entry is equal as access points through unit entry. This means that choice of a given entry as a main entry is unnecessary in cataloging codes. Title entry would be a rather simple standard and direct approach for works. This study proves that the traditional title entry of Korea is superior to author main entry in the Western world in cataloging theory. Thus recommendation to be made is that abandonment of author main entry from cataloging codes should be considered in the future.

• Korean Journal of Legislative Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.187-226
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• 2017

North Korea discourse is doubtful. A considerable portion is distorted under political objectives, group identity, and interests. Surely, there are facts based on North Korea's conducts. Apparent deceptions commonly exist as well though. Korean media does not endeavor to set the records straight and there are no revision towards mislead information. This is substantially dangerous as it can misjudge North Korean policies, beget national antipathy, and interferes with rational and constructive policy making. This study stems from such concerns and takes such cases as HEU(Highly Enriched Uranium) suspicion of 2002, dispute covering BDA(Banco Delta Asia)'s counterfeiting, and the abandonment of the Geneva Agreed Framework into consideration. The first part concentrates on fathoming the truth of the three cases. References from US government, academia, think tanks, media were inquired with an addition of secondary material from Korea and China. Secondly it examines whether domestic news properly reflects the precedent facts along the process of discovery. The cause and solution suggested by domestic media were organized and inductively reconstituted to frames. The last study questions the structural factors that reproduces suspicion analogs. Today's dangers facing Korean society are essentially not natural but artificial. This research hopes to foster peace by analyzing related discourses that are infamous to reinterpret reality.