• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.57-81
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to find out the feature of children's play according to a player number restriction rule in the free choice activities. And it is expected that the result of this study will contribute to improving the management of free choice activities. The participants of this study were a homeroom teacher, professor as a co-researcher and 25 4-year-old children of a private kindergarten. The data were collected by observation, children interview and reflective journal of the teacher from July to October in 2014. The results indicated that the children were stressed out with using name cards for presenting center selection, showed overcompetitive behaviors, and frequently violated the rules. The researchers found that the restriction rule had some dysfunctions, which were interferences of moral development, social-emotional development, self-regulation development, preventing safety-accident and free choice behavior. The researcher as a teacher abandoned the player number restriction rule, and observed the children's play. As a result, children's self-regulation abilities on physical space, play and conflicts improved and the teacher changed her strategy when managing free choice activities. Based on the results, the needs of various restriction rules and appropriate methods for applying the rules in free choice activities were further discussed.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.176-182
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• 2014

The project of promoting the economy has attracted attention as on strategy for the economic revitalization of abandoned mine areas which is promoting by local government based on the "Special law on the development of abandoned mine areas". Through the analysis of economic feasibility analysis, the government is trying to determine the presence or absence of budget support to project of promoting the economy of local government. Furthermore, this paper attempts to conduct a cost-benefit analysis, using net present value(NPV), benefit/cost(B/C) ratio, internal rate of return(IRR) techniques for project of promoting the economy of Samcheok City. The project of promoting the economic of Samcheok City is promoting the Yukbaeksan flowers rest park and Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park. The results indicate that NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Yukbaeksan flowers rest park are 3,937 million won, 1.06, 6.18% and NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park are 8,311 million won, 1.34 and 9.47. Accordingly, the projects of promoting the economic of Samcheok City ensure economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5% respectively. Moreover, the analysis results can be used effectively in the decision for the project of promoting ecomony of Samcheok city.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2009

Two different aquifers with different characteristics developed in the study area - a lower and upper aquifer zone. Nitrate contamination of the lower aquifer zone was likely due to infiltration of nitrate-contaminated groundwater of the upper aquier zone through abandoned groundwater wells. In order to evaluate the feasibility of a preliminary packer designed to prevent nitrate migration through abandoned groundwater wells NO3-N concentrations of the upper and lower part of preliminary packer installed at four sampling sites were measured. Nitrate concentrations of the and lower part of Yechun sinwolri were 10.3 mg/L and 5.0 mg/L, respectively. Yechun eosinri, Yechun jeowooriis, and Andong hoegokri were $NO_3$-N concentrations in the upper (11.3, 11.0, and 14.6 mg/L) and lower (8.8, 1.6, and 8.0 mg/L), respectively. $NO_3$-N contents of all groundwater samples in the lower part after the preliminary packer installation showed 22~85% lower than those of the upper part.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.452-462
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• 2000

There are currently 214 orphanages in Korea which house approximately 13,873 orphans aged between 3 and 18; this accounts for about 0.12% of all children in the same age range. Some have lost their parents, but most have come after their parents divorced or broke up. This means majority of the children in Child Care Centers have parents. Traditional virtue of obedience to parents (Hyo) was regarded as one of the highest value in Korea. Also the interaction between parents and their children was regarded as basic human nature that parents look after, both physically and spiritually, their children until they become one of the matured social member. Raised without having a chance to realize their filial duty and not having been cared for by their parents, most orphans feel that they lack something in their lives when compared with friends. In the end, they live their lives longing for their parents and go through mental discord about their parents. This paper is focused on understanding orphans' experience and views on parents. I approached the issue by applying van Manen's Hermeneutic Phenomenological Approach. The interviews, along with other reference material were phenomenologically reflected to draw essential themes as follows; 1. Orphans of pre-school age hazily long for parents without having any practical image of their parents. 2. They occasionally dream meeting their parents with image that can only last in their dreams, and this continues up through middle school. 3. At the age of elementary school, they crave the image of parents as they see their friends with their parents. 4. They start to despise their parents for having abandoned them when they reach puberty. 5. Meanwhile, as their vague image of parents fade away, they attempt to give up their thoughts toward their parents. 6. Highteens start to think in terms of fate. 7. They don't long for their parents anymore as they used to, but still wishes to meet them at least once. However, they don't want to start any kind of a relationship with them. 8. They fear that they will also fail in raising families of their own, and making their children orphans too, just like their parents have. They simply don't want to follow their footsteps. 9. Thinking that they were abandoned by their parents, they are reluctant to believe other people.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2016

One of the most significant environmental issues in abandoned coal mine is acidic drainage which gives rise to the many environmental problems that acidifying streams water, sedimentation of iron/aluminium hydroxide, and pollution of water and soil. Water and precipitate samples for experiments were collected from stream and bottom in the pit mouth of Sambong mine. Mine water shows pH range from 7.24 to 7.94 in winter and 3.87 to 5.73 in summer season. The EC shows range from 432 to $897{\mu}S/cm$ at the stream receiving mine water. The highest concentrations of cations such as Mg, Al, Ca, and Mn are showing 15.50, 4.56, 85.30, 12.76 mg/L in the pit mouth, respectively. The reddish brown precipitates (Munsell color 10R-5YR in winter and 2.5YR-5Y in summer) consist mainly of 2-line ferrihydrite and schwertmannite. The precipitates are characterized by rod or cylindrical forms, and coccus or sphere of 0.1 to $0.5{\mu}m$ in diameter.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.399-405
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• 2011

The number of abandoned dogs is increasing with the worsening of the economy and the rising of feed value. It was becoming a serious social problem because of the disease transmission and destruction of natural ecosystems by abandoned dogs been wild animal. In order to solve these problems, companion dogs necessary to secure its own genetic information and to establish the systematic tracking system. Using multiplex-PCR method with 27 microsatellite marker (MS marker) divided 3 set, various alleles occurring to 6 dog breed (Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, English Springer Spaniel, Belgian Malinois, Jindo Dog, PoongSan Dog) make use of markers to determine allele frequency and heterozygosity. MS marker FH2834 and FH2790 have only two allele and most were found in 13 alleles at FH3381 and FH3399. Average heterozygosity of MS marker is 0.534 and especially, heterozygosity represented the highest value of 0.765 at FH3381. So, it was recognized appropriate allele frequency for individual identification and paternity diagnosis in companion dogs. Using multiplex-PCR method with MS marker, various alleles occurring to dog breed make use of markers to deter mine individual identification and paternity diagnosis, traits associated biomarkers and breed-specific marker for faster, more accurate and ways to reduce the analysis cost. Based on this result, a scientific basis was established to the existing pedigree data by applying genetics additionally. Animal registration system is expected to be conducted nationwide in future. The method expects to very useful this system.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.425-431
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• 2005

A series of geotechnical surveys and in-situ tests were carried out to evaluate the stability of underground mine cave in an abandoned coal mine. After the closure of the mine, the underground mine drifts have been utilized for a tourist route since 1999. The dimension of the main cave is 5m width, 3m height and 230m length. The surrounding rock mass of the cave is consist of black shale, coal and limestone. Also, the main cave is intersected by two fault zone. Detailed field investigations including Rock Mass Rating(RMR), Geological Strength Index(GSI) and Q classification were performed to evaluate the stability of the main cave and to examine the necessity of reinforcement. Based on the results of rock mass classification and numerical analysis, suitable support design was recommended for the main cave. RMR and Q values of the rock masses were classified in the range of fair to good. According to the support categories proposed by Grimstad & Barton(1993), these classes fall in the reinforcement category of the Type 3 to Type 1. A Type 3 reinforcement category signifies systematic bolting and no support is necessary for the Type 1 case. From the result of numerical analysis, it was inferred that additional support on the several unstable blocks is required to ensure stability of the cave.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.412-428
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• 2012

To achieve mine development, a large amount of data concerned with the geological structure and the ore body had to be investigated and collected through geological survey, drilling and geophysical explorations. In most previous cases, however, the data were usually analyzed two dimensionally and those results showed some limits because of their 2D presentation. Those 2D maps such as geological plane sections or longitudinal sections cause lots of difficulties in understanding the complex geological structure or the feature of ore body in a spatial way. In this study, research area was set on the abandoned Yangyang iron mine in Korea and the Sugaeng ore body within the mine was selected as the research target to design a mine haulage system for reopening. A 3D mine model of this area was tried to be constructed using a 3D modelling software, GEMS. An accurate 3D model including the ore body, the geological structure, the old underground mine drifts and the new mine drifts was constructed under the purpose of reopening of the abandoned iron mine. Especially, mine design for trackless haulage system was conducted. New inclines and drifts were planned and modelled 3 dimensionally considering the utilization of old drifts and shaft. In addition to the 3D modelling, geostatistical technique was adopted to generate a spatial distribution of the ore grade and the rock physical properties. 3D model would be able to contribute in solving problems such as evaluating ore reserves, planning the mine development and additional explorations and changing the development plans, etc.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.307-314
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• 2016

River restoration has recently been performed not only for the improvement of the artificial parts in the past but also for the restoration of abandoned river reaches which were blocked and isolated. For the restoration of abandoned river reaches, it is important to recover the hydraulic and ecological connectivity in the isolated space by longitudinal structures like levees. But because the assessment tools to determine whether the river restoration is performed properly are so rare at present, we aim to provide a tool for assessing ecological connectivity in a target river in this study. In the first step, one-dimensional numerical model for rainfall-runoff and channel routing was developed and then applied to the watershed of the Cheongmi Stream. In this step, a numerical model was developed to assess the restoration of connectivity. The model consists of two parts: one part is to convert the results of one-dimensional channel routing into two-dimensional spatial distribution. The other is to calculate the habitat suitability index according to time steps by using two-dimensional hydraulic features. The model was applied to a restoration area of the Cheongmi Stream. The advantage of this study is that two-dimensional hydraulic analysis can be easily obtained from one-dimensional hydraulic analysis without a complex and time-consuming two-dimensional analysis. HHS (Hydraulic Habitat Suitablility) by sections of target reaches and target species can be easily obtained using the results of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 International Symposium
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

The objectives of this paper are to overview present status of soil pollution in Korea, to review the current policies and management strategies for soil pollution prevention and remediation of contaminated sites, and to suggest some recommendations to be considered toward more efficient policies. Soils in Korea are contaminated mainly by industrial facilities, landfills, underground storage tanks, abandoned/inactive mines, military camps, and other sources. Concentrations of most of soil pollutants were similar to the background levels, except for a few heavily contaminated sites such as industrial sites or abandoned/inactive mines. The Soil Environment Conservation Act (SECA), which was effective from 1995, provides a comprehensive legal framework for both preventing soil pollution and remedying contaminated sites in Korea. The Act includes various management policies such as the designation of standards and soil pollution policy area, soil monitoring networks, management of suspected contamination sources, and extended 'polluter-pays' principle. To make current policies more efficient and reasonable, some policies or strategies such as the establishment of national priority list, more detailed standards, risk-based cleanup goal, fund raise, soil erosion problem, and finally, integrity between soil and groundwater management frameworks may need to be pursued in the long term.