• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.372-380
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• 2007

Surface damage due to subsidence is an inevitable consequence of underground mining, which may be immediate or delayed for many years. The surface damage due to abandoned underground mine is observed to be two subsidence types such as simple sinkhole or trough formation to a large scale sliding of the ground from with in the subsided area. An evaluation of the risk of a subsidence occurrence is vital in the areas affected by mining subsidence. For a subsidence prediction or a risk evaluation, there has been used various methods using empirical models, profile functions, influence functions and numerical models. In this study, a simple but efficient evaluation method of subsidence hazard is suggested, which is based on a diffusion theory and uses just information about geometry of caving and topography. The diffusion model has an analogous relationship with granular model which can explain a mechanism of subsidence. The diffusion model is applied for the evaluation of subsidence hazard in abandoned metal and coal mines. The model is found to be a simple but efficient tool because it needs information of geometry of caving and gangway and the topography.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.31-38
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• 1997

Temporal and spatial comparisons of acid mine drainage contaminated waters are difficult because of the complex physico-chemical nature of the pollutant. In the present study, an acid mine drainage index has been developed and evaluated for the assessment of surface waters. AMD index is calculated using a modified arithmetic weighted index using seven parameters which are most indicative of AMD contamination, i. e. pH value, sulphate, iron, zinc, aluminum, copper and manganese. Weighting is used to express the relative indicator value of each parameter. The proposed AMD index is used to quantify contamination from acid mine drainage over ten different old mine sites and assess the degree of impact on surface on surface waters. As a result of AMD evaluation, the Sukbong Mine located near the Moonkyung province showed lowest AMD value indicating the worst acid mine drainage quality. In overall, Youngdong mine sites showed higher contaimination compared to the other mine sites including Youngsuh, Choongbu, Suhbu and Nambu area.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.35-44
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• 2005

Recently, underground cavities such as limestone cavity and abandoned mine give rise to a lot of damage in SOC facilities. But there are many difficult problems such as delay of the working terms and enormous economic losses in finding a new method and changing construction design. In this study, a new filling material for underground cavities was developed using the stone-dust classified as industry waste polluting environment. As a result of test, filling material properties was that a compressive strength was $34{\~}60\;kgf/cm^2$, a change ratio in length was $0.268{\~}0.776\%$ and water absorption was $34.3{\~}46.9\%$. Also as a result of suspended mass test and pH test, it was confirmed that the developed filling material has a characteristic of non-separating in water and it was an environmentally friendly material.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.15-25
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• 2003

Time Domain Refletometry, or TDR, is a remote sensing electrical measurement technique that has been used for many years to determine the spatial location and nature of various objects, especially in the United States of America and Australia at mining industry. Since early on 1990, the TDR techniques have been applied to the geotechnical engineering such as : deformation measurement of rock slope and landslide, monitoring of ground water content and ground water level change, investigation of ground contamination and its movement. The first application of this technique, in 1996, to the domestic area is to determine the possibility of ground settlement caused by subsidence from abandoned underground mines at the Tongri and Gosari in Gangwon-d. In this paper, through the results of analysed deformation data between conventional measurements and the TDR, it was concluded that the TDR technique is a useful instrumentation method for the prediction of ground deformation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3005-3012
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• 2013

This study investigates the space, use, and procedural aspects that should be considered in securing the publicity in space renewal of unused lands by analyzing the characteristics of relevant projects conducted by The Korea Academia-Industrial Corporation Society, a party representative of a public agent. The findings reveal the following conclusions. 1. There should be a required procedure that guarantees the adequate qualities of public organizations or publicity for projects run by KAMCO. 2. When the public agent plans a project, there should be an effort to clarify the profit limitations and adequate guarantee of consigned fees charged by the consigned organizations in an attempt to ensure that certain proportions are used to enhance the public goods. 3. There is a need to diversify the ways KAMCO discloses information. A professional organization and separate budget should be required to assess the autonomy of KAMCO to guarantee publicity.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2003

Researches were carried out to investigate the characteristics and concentration of heavy metal elements of stream water through Dongmyoung abandoned metal mine and soil adjacent to the mine. The pH range of water was 5.9∼7.1 that implies the water environment was acidic to neutral. The contents and distribution aspects of heavy metals in water samples varied with geochemical characteristics of element, but the concentration of heavy metals has the tendency of increase closer to the mine in general. The results of soil analysis show that total heavy metal concentration of agricultural soil near mine was far lower than those of ore tailing and dumping site. Therefore, the effects of the abandoned mine on stream water and agricultural products were supposed to be insignificant, particularly because the portion of absorbed carbonates and reducible fractions among total heavy metal concentration was relatively lower than the other. Since, however total heavy metal concentrations of mining site were relatively higher than those of adjacent region, there is a possibility of heavy metal difussion when the chemical environment of the site changes due to migration of surface and underground water. It is suggested that the preventive measures for water and soil pollution by the heavy metals would be considered around the region.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.101-107
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• 2010

In order to deal with the problem that phytoremediation takes long time in achieving the practical effect, the enhanced phytoremediation by Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was conducted. In addition, we examined the synergistic effect by adding PSM (phosphate -solubilizing microbes) and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to the arsenic contaminated soil in the vicinity of the abandoned mine. The removal efficiency of arsenic in the site with PSM application increased about 16% when compared to control site, which was due to increase of plant biomass. The EDTA has been successfully utilized in respect of enhanced mobility and solubility of arsenic in the soil. As a result, BF (bioaccumulation factor) significantly increased but the inhibition of plant growth resulted in 20% reduction of arsenic removal efficiency. The application of PSM and EDTA may enhance the efficiency of phytoremediation. However, the time and method of EDTA application should be further examined to reach the maximum removal efficiency.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.373-382
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• 2012

Cessation of dewatering usually results in groundwater rebound after closing an underground coal mine because the mine voids and surrounding strata flood up to the levels of decant points such as shafts and drifts. Several numerical models have been developed to predict the timing, magnitude and location of discharges resulting from groundwater rebound. This study reviews the numerical models such as VSS-NET, GRAM and MODFLOW, and compares their scopes of assessment at different spatial and time scales. In particular, the GRAM model was reviewed in details to implement it. This paper describes the implementation of GRAM model and its application to the Dongwon coal mine in Korea. The application showed that the groundwater level modeled at the shaft of Dongwon coal mine using the GRAM model is similar to the observed one in the field.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.463-472
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• 2009

Many old domestic mines were excavated with the room and pillar method or the sublevel caving method and they involve the great possibility of surface subsidence, especially in the shallow depth mines. In most of these cases, the mine roadways and openings are very irregular in shape and the information about the local geology is uncertain. Consequently it is not simple to standardize the estimation method for the possibility of subsidence, especially the sinkhole subsidence. In this study, the fuzzy reasoning method has been applied for development of estimating the possibility of subsidence occurrence in abandoned mine area. This method has the advantage in producing the reliable estimation results with a simple performance procedure even when the precise information on the local geology and mining conditions is rare. For the verification of applicability of this method, the developed method has been applied to Kumho mine in Bonghwa, Kyungbook province and the Choong-ju mine in Iryu, Choongbook province where the surface subsidence occurred already.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.65-81
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• 1996

Friar Tuck, an Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) site, is located on the Greene-Sullivan county line in southwest Indiana. Prior to the on-going reclamation, Friar Tuck was one of the Indiana's largest and most environmentally adverse abandoned mine lands. The direct vegetation method was used to reclaim tailing ponds. Grading, capping, and revegetalon using agricultural limestone, fertilizer, mulch and seed were applied to the gob piles to abate acid mine drainage (AMD) and off-side sedimentaion. Erosion control structures such as terrace, diversion ditch, and gabion structures were also constructed to minimize erosion at slopes. A new method for treatment of AMD using apatite was tested in the laboratory and field. Apatite effectively removed iron, aluminum and sulfate while maintaining an almost constant pH. Apparently, this method can be applied to control AMD from mining refuse materials, even those containing high concentrations of iron and aluminum ions.