• 한국진공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.142-150
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• 2012

CIGS 박막 태양전지 기판소재인 소다라임유리 표면에 플라즈마 전처리 후 DC 마그네트론 스퍼터링 방법으로 Mo 박막을 제조하였다. 증착압력과 증착시간 변화에 따른 Mo 박막의 물리적, 전기적 특성을 분석하였고, 셀렌화 처리 조건에 따른 $MoSe_2$ 생성 여부와 경향성을 연구하였으며, Mo 박막 두께에 따른 AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG 구조의 태양전지를 제조하여 그 특성을 분석 및 평가하였다. 증착압력이 4.9 mTorr에서 1.3 mTorr로 감소할수록 치밀하고 결정입자 사이의 공극이 적고, 증착속도가 감소하고 전기저항도가 낮은 Mo 박막이 증착되었다. 증착온도가 상온에서 $200^{\circ}C$로 증가할수록 Mo 박막은 치밀한 구조를 가지고 결정성은 향상되어 면저항이 낮게 나타났다. 셀렌화 시간이 길어질수록 Mo 박막 층은 줄어들고, $MoSe_2$ 층 생성두께가 커지는 것을 알 수 있었고, 열처리로 인해 결정화 되면서 전체 박막의 두께가 줄어들었으며, $MoSe_2$ 층의 배양성은 c축이 Mo 표면과 수직 방향으로 성장된 것을 알 수 있었다. Mo 박막의 두께가 1.2 ${\mu}m$와 0.6 ${\mu}m$인 AZO/i-ZnO/CdS/CIGS/Mo/SLG 구조로 이루어진 CIGS 박막 태양전지를 제조하였다. Mo 박막의 두께가 1.2 ${\mu}m$일 때 보다 0.6 ${\mu}m$일 때 CIGS 박막 태양전지의 변환 효율은 9.46%로 비교적 우수한 특성을 나타났다. CIGS 박막 태양전지에서 하부전극인 Mo 박막 특성은 유리기판 및 광흡수 층과의 계면 형성 따라 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었고, 유리기판의 플라즈마 처리와 Mo 박막의 두께조절로 Na 효과 및 $MoSe_2$층 형성 제어함으로써 CIGS 박막 태양전지의 특성 개선에 효과를 가질 수 있었다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2023

Functional transparent electrode was achieved by metal oxide-metal-Metal oxide (OMO) structure. Tailoring of metal oxide and metal layers, optically transparent and electrically excellent OMO films were investigated. Silver (Ag) is adopted for the metal layer and Ag oxide (AgO) is reactively formed by flowing O₂ gas during the sputtering process. This spontaneous AgO formation from Ag simultaneously provides the good electrical interface with high transparency. Due to the feature of transparent electrode of OMO, it endows the shielding effect (SE) function of electromagnetic interference. Optically transparent and electrically conductive OMO electrode shows the high transmittance (83.7%) and low sheet resistance (6.5 Ω/☐) with SE of 29.54 dB.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.135-139
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• 2017

We fabricated two different transparent conducting oxide thin films of ZnO doped with Ga ($Ga_2O_3$ 0.9 wt%) as well as Al ($Al_2O_3$ 2.1 wt%) (GAZO) and ZnO doped only with Al ($Al_2O_3$ 3 wt%) (AZO). It was investigated how it affects the moisture resistance of the transparent electrode. In addition, $Cu(In,Ga)Se_2$ thin film solar cells with two transparent oxides as front electrodes were fabricated, and the correlation between humidity resistance of transparent electrodes and device performance of solar cells was examined. When both transparent electrodes were exposed to high temperature distilled water, they showed a rapid increase in sheet resistance and a decrease in the fill factor of the solar cell. However, AZO showed a drastic decrease in efficiency at the beginning of exposure, while GAZO showed that the deterioration of efficiency occurred over a long period of time and that the long term moisture resistance of GAZO was better.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.346-350
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• 2006

Al-doped ZnO (AZO) thin films were grown on type of glass#1737 substrates by DC magnetron sputtering. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the films were investigated as a function of various plasma discharge power. The obtained films were polycrystalline with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and preferentially oriented in the (002) crystallographic direction. The lowest resistivity was $6.0{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$ with the carrier concentration of $2.69{\times}10^{20}cm^{-3}$ and Hall mobility of 20.43 $cm^2/Vs$. The average transmittance in the visible range was above 90%.

• 약학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 1996

Ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC) membrane electrodes for the determination of the calcium antagonist verapamil and its pharmaceutical preparations were described. Verapam il-superchrome garnet Y(SGY), lumogallion(LG), acid red 97(AR97), Dragendorff(DD) and Meyer reagent ion pairs were inverstigated as an electroactive compound for membrane electrode. Stable potentiometric response was obtained with azo dye at pH 6.5-4.0 and with DD, and Meyer reagent at pH 6.5-3.0. The best plasticizer was 49w/w% 2-nitrophenyl octyl ether for azo dye, and 65.3w/w% tri(n-butyl) citrate for DD and Meyer reagent. Potentiometric response slopes of optimized membrane electrodes based on SGY, LG, AR97, DD, and Meyer complex for verapamil were 52.49, 54.88, 50.81, 54.13 and 49.31 mV/dec., respectively. Lower limits of linear range were $1.0{\times}10^6M$ for SGY, LG, and AR97, while those for DD and Meyer reagent were $4{\times}10^{-6}M$. Detection limits for all these electrodes were $1{\times}10^{-5}M,\;4{\times}10^{-6}M,\;1.8{\times}10^{-6}M,\;8{\times}10^{-7}M,\;and\;1{\times}10^{-6}M$ with relative standard deviation of 2.56, 3.6, 3.96, 2.56, 3.20%, respectively.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.508-513
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• 2015

A capacitive-type touch screen panel (TSP) composed of silver nanowire (AgNW) crossing electrodes and transparent bridge structures was fabricated on a polycarbonate film. The transparent bridge structure was formed with a stack of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) electrodes and SU-8 insulator. The stable and robust continuity of the bridge electrode over the bridge insulator was achieved by making the side-wall slope of the bridge insulator low and depositing the conformal AZO film with atomic layer deposition. With an extended exposure time of photolithography, the lower part of the SU-8 layer around the region uncovered by the photomask can be exposed enough to the UV light scattered from the substrate. This leads to the low side-wall slope of the bridge insulator. The fabricated TSP sample showed a large capacitance change of 22.71% between with and without touching. Our work supplies the technological clue for ensuring long-term reliability to the highly flexible and transparent TSP made by using conventional fabrication processes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.440-448
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 II-Vl족의 ZnTe 화합물반도체 태양전지를 제작하기 위하여 투명전극(AZO) 및 Buffer layer(ZnO)의 특성과 태양전지의 효율에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 광흡수층의 에너지밴드갭을 줄이는 연구를 하였다. ZnTe박막은 Zn(Zinc)과 Te(Tellurium)를 co-sputtering법을 이용하여 증착하였다. ZnTe 박막은 Zn과 Te의 RF power를 각각 50W, 30W로 하여 10mTorr의 Ae 분위기에서 20$0^{\circ}C$의 기판온도로 제작되었으며, 이때의 에너지밴드갭은 1.73eV였다. 이렇게 제작된 박막을 진공상태에서 $400^{\circ}C$의 온도로 10초간 열처리하여 1.67eV의 에너지밴드갭을 얻을 수 있었고, 이때의 Zn과 Te의 비율은 32%:68%였다. 최적의 조건에서 태양전지는 6.85% (Voc:0.69V, Jsc:21.408㎃/$cm^2$, Fill Factor (FF):0.46)의 효율을 얻을 수 있었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2020

In this work, a detailed study on the electrochemical degradation of an azo dye, Orange G is performed using a platinum electrode. Indeed, the influence of the dye concentration (50-150 mg/L), the pH of the medium and the density of the electric current is studied on the rate of discoloration, the rate of mineralization, the efficiency of the electric current and the energy consumption. The UV-visible spectra of OG plotted against the degradation time show the decrease of the intensity of the characteristic dye peaks. In an environment rich in chlorides, all peaks disappear after 15 min of degradation. However, the peaks at wavelengths of 200 and 290 nm appeared after one hour of treatment. In K₂SO₄, the eliminated percentages are respectively 46, 54 and 61% for wavelengths of 245, 330 and 480 nm. This suggests that the degradation mechanisms in K₂SO₄ and KCl environments are not the same. In the middle rich in chlorides, the eliminated percentage of OG did not seem to be affected by the concentrations increase. These results confirm the hypothesis that electrochemical oxidation process is very favorable for concentrated pollutants discharge.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 1995

A nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) isolated from the electric tissues of Torpedo californica has been reconstituted into a vesicle comprising a bifunctional azo-ligand (Bae 1) compound, and a liposome containing phospholipids and cholesterol (1 : 1, w/w). The liposome-mediated reconstituted receptor showed a concentration-dependent response to cholinergic drugs in a lithium ion flux assay. This liposome-mediated reconstituted nAchR was immobilized onto an electrode using various synthetic polymers which were tested for their response to the cholinergic ligands. The immobilized nAchR not only exhibited a linear response to a wide range of cholinergic ligand concentrations but also retained an operational stability which lasted for longer than 6 days. Thus, this result provides a basis for application of the immobilized nAchR-based biosensor in detecting cholinergic ligands in vitro.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.404-412
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• 1977

에탄올-물 혼합용매에서 납전극을 사용하여 니트로벤젠(${\phi}NO_2$)과 그 유도체의 전해 환원반응을 조사하였다. 산성용액에서는 퍼텐셜에 따라 ${\phi}NHOH\;및\;{\phi}NH_2$가 생성되었으며 니트로벤젠(${\phi}NO$)은 중간체가 아닌것으로 보였다. 염기성 용액에서는 ${\phi}NO$가 생성되며 더 낮은 퍼텐셜에서 환원시키면 ${\phi}N=N{\phi}$ 등 짝지어진 화합물이 생성됨을 확인하였다. 사용한 전해질 용액에서 ${\phi}NO\;와\;{\phi}NHOH$ 사이에 화학적인 짝지음 반응(coupling reaction)은 일어나지 않았다. 각각의 반응에 대해 전류-전압관계와 pH 의존도 및 반응물질에대한 반응 차수로부터 반응 메카니즘을 도출하였다. ${\phi}NO$가 생성되는 반응은 치환기가 있을 때도 같은 메카니즘을 따르는 것으로 보인다.