• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.217-245
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• 2007

This research work was aimed at assisting isolated children to adapt their school life having examined the process of their changes by reducing isolation level and isolative behavior through means of implementing group art therapy program. To accomplish this purpose of research, 36 participants were selected from children attending Class 6, 4th Grade of D Elementary School located in Dajeon Metropolitan City, to which researcher was served as homeroom teacher. And the participants were asked to complete a survey that included social and emotional isolation scale test which was designed by Heh Sung-hee(1993) and 4 children marked more than 96 points were designated as isolated children. The group art therapy program exercised in this research was the one that reorganized by research to suit the research purpose based on the precedent works, and survey was conducted total 12 times, two time a week, within 60 minutes per time, between 6 September and 24 October 2006, and researcher conducted group art therapy program directly at Class 6, 4th Grade of D Elementary School using extra hours after school. And following analyses were performed in relation to results therefrom: First, to analyze changes of isolation level of isolated children Quantitatively, the results from pre and post test concerning social and emotional isolation scale were comparatively analyzed. Second, to analyze changes of psychological state of isolated children, projective drawing tests were performed using Kinetic House-Tree-Person(K-HTP) Drawing and Kinetic School Drawing(KSD) and results therefrom were comparatively analyzed. Third, to analyze Quantitatively what changes have been occurred in the isolated children during the course of forming interrelationships with group members while participating in group art therapy, proceedings were summarized per each stage of the program and analyzed accordingly. Fourth, results from researcher's observation of what changes have been occurred in the isolative behavior of isolated children before and after implementation of group art therapy were compared accordingly. Followings are resulting conclusions. First, group art therapy program reduced isolation level of isolated children. Second, group art therapy program changed the isolated children's psychological state into a stable and positive fashion. Third, isolated children became able to experience positive interrelations as well as establishment of new human relationships with group members during the course of participating in the group art therapy program. Fourth, group art therapy program reduced isolative behaviors of the isolated children. Therefore, conclusions could have been reached that the group art therapy program implemented in this research reduced isolative behaviors of the isolated children, and changed their anxious and depressed mental state into stable and positive ones, also established positive interrelationships as well as new human relationships. And, it will be able to expect a greater effect if a program which has been associated with their family could be proceeded along with continuous guidance and teaching having developed objective test tools that will discern isolated children.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2003

What is an exhibition? Is it of the system which is designed to serve Art Works in their representation, or is it a place where the artistic presentation could be considered as art work itself? After modernist era, the role of exhibitional space might have been shifted from those two principle raison d'$\^{e}$tre of exhibitional space into another, a new one. What Deleuze would call it as he borrowed the term from Spinozian philosophy : the Affectional Space. This new type of exhibitional space has been announced since 1969 when a Harald Szeeman, young independent curator and art critic from Swiss, has organized his brilliant exhibition "When Attitudes become Form" in Bern. For sure, these intensities in curatorial practices have been existing before like some early 20th century exhibitional efforts by Marcel Duchamp, El Lissitzky, Yve Klein, etc. It has influenced much on many of, otherwise most of contemporary art exhibiting practices. And now it seems to be necessary to give it a conceptual idea which could enlighten better the new paradigm of exhibitional practices that we try to clarify. I would propose the idea of that new exhibitional space as "space of non-organic becoming". This idea is inspired by Deleuze's ever famous philosophical work Thousand Plateaus, which, with Folds by the same author, has contributed to many contemporary and aesthetical debating issues. What is "affect"? Explaining about Spinoza's principle concepts, Deleuze defines it as a kind of durations or variations which are constituted by different levels of perfection. One perfection is precedented or followed by certain perfection bigger or lesser through lived transitions or passages. So each time it actualizes and reflects the state of All as a cut of Reality while each state of affections, images or ideas can not be separated from the duration which binds it to the precedent state and extends it to following one. Affect is also a term of changes. One affects at the same time it is affected. Exhibitional space as affect (or affectional space) is distinguished from representational and presentational space in the way it attributes movement, produces arrangements and generates new factors of artistic creation including those which are outside of ever accepted artistic elements. The concepts of affectional space are used especially to enlighten contemporary situation of artistic and curatorial processes. Art is no more limited to be seen as mere objects of aesthetical admiration, nor as art vis-$\`{a}$-vis art relationship apart from the whole. It includes possibilities and virtuality that appear in the imperceptible and undescribable manners if delimited in given language. As once noticed by Kuhn, we might be living in a paradigmatically shifting world, not only in Art but also in Life. And we need to express it more with Art as moving and affectional nods than as just a clean window or a distinct manual book.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.227-248
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• 2008

This study aims to examine the effects of art therapy on challenging behavior of schoolchildren. For this purpose, I selected one class of 4th year student of S primary school, located at Jeongeup city, Jeonlabukdo, and selected 4 study subjects through examination of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, characters, school life and K - HTP test. With regard to procedure of this study, I carried out art therapy program at the art class for 60 minutes one time a week for 4 months, a total of 17 sessions from Apr. 3, 2007 to July 24, 2007. I made this program with some modification in reference to Arts Therapy Technique (Counpia Remote Training Center, 2005), Group Art Therapy (Choi Seon Nam. Kim Gap Sook. Jeon Jong Kuk, 2007) and the Effects of Peer Group Art Activity on Sociality Skill of Offensive Children (Park Ju Yeon. Lee Byeon In, 2005). For each child, I compared and analyzed the changes in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale, behavior by K-HTP (dynamic house-wood-human figure test) analysis and by school life(KSD) image analysis before and after treatment. I also carried out qualitative analysis on behavioral feature of each child for each session. This study obtained the following conclusions. First, child A showed positive change in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, K-HTP image test and school life. Since he was so active and wanted to obtain good evaluation from anyone that he frequently had quarrel with friends, spoke against others well and beaten others much but was changed and did not speak against others or beat. Second, child B showed clear difference in comparison before and after art treatment program of score K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation, but no significant difference in K-HTP image test and school life. However, I observed substantial changes. While he could not speak frankly to others, felt empty in mind and was offensive in personal relations, he was changed, did not have quarrel with others or speak against others that much and improved his relationship with friends or teachers. Third, child C showed positive change in score of K-CBCL children juvenile behavior evaluation after art therapy program. In comparison of K-HTP image test and school life treatment before and after treatment, he still longed for mothers in mind but found rather stable after treatment. Fourth, child D showed positive chance in score of K-CBCL children. juvenile behavior evaluation scale after art therapy program, but almost no changes in K-HTP image test. But he depicted good relationship and socializing with other friends in school life. While he could not carry his point due to social immaturity and felt depressed, he got more confident. This result of study showed that art therapy had positive effects on correction of schoolchildren.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-86
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• 2008

Buddhism and Buddhist art originated in India, but when they were introduced to different countries, they created an international environment. Buddhism was introduced as cultural package, with written texts, visual images, rituals, and the organization of monasteries. Buddhist art originated in India during the reign of King Asoka and then was developed under the political, intellectual, artistic, religious, social and natural environments of the regions. The stupa and the chaitya halls create monastic environment. The natural environment of the trade routes and caravans in the Central Asian deserts preserved brilliant-colored murals and helped spread tram India to China. When Buddhism and Buddhist art were introduced to China, Korea, and Japan, Buddhism became a part of government institution and social organization. Gigantic statues were carved in caves in mountains for political purposes. The Chinese transformed the stupa into a square pillar and created pagodas with tiled roofs in tower forms. Koreans not only transmitted the Buddhist art from China to Japan, but it also changed it with originality in the iconography of the pensive bodhisattva images and in the architecture of Seoggulam. The official ideology of Neo Confucian philosophy brought the rise of Chan Buddhism. Zen monasteries in Japan created unique environments by establishing the Zen Buddhist garden. to prompt believers to meditate. An important development in Buddhist art is the Esoteric Buddhist art in China and Tibet. This category belongs to the intellectual, religious as well as artistic environments. The Tibetan deities with consorts in their embrace symbolize the union of the god and the devotees. Buddhist art created a unique environment that was spread out to many nations and changed greatly over time.

• 한국어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.175-178
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• 2017

본 연구는 거시적 빅데이터 인문학과 미시적 언어 텍스트 검색 시스템을 구축하고, 이를 통해서 언어를 통한 문화의 역동적 변화를 시간적 순서에 따라 살펴보고자 한다. 연구의 최종적인 목표는 문화도 생물체처럼 변화하는 존재라 여기고 그 구성요소들을 연구한다는 뜻인 '문화체학(文化體學; Culturomics)'과 같은 '인문학 + 정보과학 + 사회과학' 등등의 다학문간의 융합적 연구에 있다. 이 시스템을 통해서 인류 역사의 기록인 텍스트 빅데이터를 통한 인문학적 성찰을 시각화하고 있다. 이러한 구글의 업적은 인문학과 정보기술의 융합을 통해서 인문학 자체의 지평을 넓히고, 사회과학을 변형시키고, 산업과 상아탑 사이의 관계를 재조정하는데 있다[1].

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.100-104
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• 2008

Generally, it is difficult to find constant patterns on identifiers in a container image, since the identifiers are not normalized in color, size, and position, etc. and their shapes are damaged by external environmental factors. This paper distinguishes identifier areas from background noises and removes noises by using an ART2-based quantization method and general morphological information on the identifiers such as color, size, ratio of height to width, and a distance from other identifiers. Individual identifier is extracted by applying the 8-directional contour tracking method to each identifier area. This paper proposes a refined ART2-based RBF network and applies it to the recognition of identifiers. Through experiments with 300 container images, the proposed algorithm showed more improved accuracy of recognizing container identifiers than the others proposed previously, in spite of using shorter training time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.2 s.2
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• pp.159-171
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• 1992

Renaissance Age is called the Period of Discovery because of great development of the economy and the science, and is known the Period of scientific analysis of Man and of interest of Nature out of a blind obedience in the Middle ages. Especially in visual art architecture, painting and sculpture, the rational spirit of Renaissance actually and distinctly communicates the meaning of Work through the scientific and mathematical expression after a finding Perspective by Brunelleschi. So the puropse of this study is to clarify the substancial meaning of Renaissance Art by investigating the expression applied Perspective to the works of Brunelleschi's architecture, Donatello's sculpture and Masaccio's painting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.20
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• pp.63-72
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• 1993

The concept of style provides a useful structure in history of Art. In aspect of formative art, dress and art work are alike, so style is a useful concept in the historical methodology on dress. The main purpose of this study was to apply the art criticism to the historical methodology on dress. For this purpose, documentary studies about style as a tool of historical research were proceeded. The results were as follows : 1. The concept of style consists of the external form and the internal meaning as double roots. Therefore, it's indispensable that the two asp-ects of style, form and meaning, must to be harmonized to describe the historical phenomena in dress. 2. The change pattern of style in dress is not always predeterminate and regular according to the cyclical theory. From the alternative point of view, the change pattern of style could be to describe the continuous theory proposed by kroeber, Brodsky. The whole change of style is considered "liked solution" by this theory.is theory.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 1999

The present. study analyzes the formative languages in works adopting the De paysementtechnique in contemporary art centering on surrealism and is concerned about the methodology of this technique in integrating image compositions. The Depaysement technique widely adopted in many art works up to the contemporary art since the end of expressionism were dassified into seven methodologies for analysis. The results indicate that the Depaysement technique presents a distinctive methodology of creation to represent the inner spiritual qualities. Therefore, it is expected that further studies on expression of this Depaysement technique will be of great help in expanding ideas in Art in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2004

This study explored furniture and furniture designers in Art Nouveau which was called as Jugendstill in Germany. Jugendstill was developed on the center of Munchen, Darmstadt, and Berlin from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. And it was developed differently from Art Nouveau in the rest of European countries as the Rococo style and the Baroque style of Germany were done so. The furniture designers of Art Nouveau pronounced their use of decorative motifs from nature with birds, flowers, insects, fish, even landscape represented, but the designers in Jugendstill made the elaborate curvilinear design simply stylized and abstract: the design of Art Nouveau was seen as the superfluity of the ornament but the design of Jugendstill was seen as the simplified lines and restrain of the ornament. Hence, Jugendstill was deeply related with the scientific and rational thought of Germany, and then, it was based on the Deutscher Werkbund found by Hermann Muthesius.