• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.25-36
• /
• 2021

The honey bee has a crucial ecological status for maintaining the natural ecology system. Pollination mediations by honey bees are recognized as an efficient way to enhance the quality of biological diversity and green areas in the nature and the urban ecological system. However, the population of bee around the world is decreasing and we do not know exactly how bees react to the physical environment in the urban area. This study is a basic research for the improvement of pollination services in the Korean urban ecological system. It aims to induce and review environmental variables which have high relations with the activities of pollination mediation insects in the urban area. The study established a Maxent model using five urban environmental variables that reflect the ecology of Bombus ignitus and the place information where Bombus ignitus appears in 18 spots of Seoul city, and compared with previous research results on Apis millifera. Bombus ignitus preferred places with more natural environments such as mountain forest areas and vicinities of streams. They preferred Stratified Tree Area the most among the vegetation types existing in the urban area. Comparing chicken models, both species saw their response value drop as the building coverage rose. In the case of Apis millifera and Bombus ignitus variables, the response value of both species was high in 10 out of 20 types. The result of this study is expected to provide basic information for improving the pollination services in the Korean urban area and to be utilized as the basic materials for the future urban planning.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2022.05a
• /
• pp.118-118
• /
• 2022

지속적인 학문의 발전을 위해서는 선행연구에 대한 재현성이 무엇보다도 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 컴퓨터와 소프트웨어의 급속한 발달로 인한 컴퓨터 환경의 다양화, 분석 소프트웨어의 지속적 최신화로 인해서 최근 구축된 모델도 짧게는 몇 달, 길게는 1~2년후면 다양한 에러로 인하여 재현성이 불가능해지고 있다. 이러한 재현성의 극복을 위해서 온라인을 통한 데이터와 소스코드의 공유의 필요성이 제시되고 있으나, 실제로는 개인마다 컴퓨터 환경, 버전, 소프트웨어 설치에 필요한 라이브러리의 버전 또는 디렉토리 등이 달라 단순히 온라인을 통한 데이터와 소스코드의 공유만으로 재현성을 개선하기는 힘든 것이 현실이다. 따라서 이러한 컴퓨터 모델링 환경의 공유는 과거의 형태와 같이 데이터, 소스코드와 매뉴얼의 공유만으로 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수자원 모델링의 재현성 개선을 위해 1) 온라인 저장소, 2) 클라우드기반 JupyterHub 모델링 환경과 3) 모델 APIs 3개의 핵심 구성요소를 제시하고, 최근 미국에서 개발된SUMMA(Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternative) 수자원 모델에 적용하여 재현성 달성을 위한 3개의 핵심 구성요소의 필요성과 용이성을 검증하였다. 첫 번째, 데이터와 모델의 온라인 공유는 FAIR(Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) 원칙으로 개발된 수자원분야의 대표적인 온라인 저장소인 HydroShare를 활용하여 모델입력자료를 메타데이터와 함께 공유하였다. 두 번째, HydroShare에서 Web App의 형태로 제공되는 클라우드기반 JupyterHub환경인 CUAHSI JupyterHub(CJH)와 일루노이대학에서 제공하는 CyberGIS-Jupyter for water JupyterHub(CJW)환경에 수자원모델링 환경을 컨테이너(Docker) 환경을 통해 구축·공유하였다. 마지막으로, 클라우드에서 수자원모델의 효율적 이용을 위해 Python기반의SUMMA모델 API인 pySUMMA를 개발·공유하였다. 이와같이 구축된 3개의 핵심 구성요소를 이용하여 2015년 Water Resources Research에 게재된 SUMMA 논문의 9개 Test Cases 중에서 5개를 누구나 쉽게 재현할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 재현성의 중요성에 대한 인식의 증가로 Open과 Transparent Hydrology에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있으며, 이를 위해서 클라우드 기반의 모델링 환경구축 및 제공이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 HydroShare와 같은 온라인 저장소, CJH와 CJW와 같은 클라우드기반 모델링환경, 모델의 효율적 이용을 위한 모델 APIs는 급속도로 발달하고 있는 컴퓨터 및 소프트웨어 환경에서 핵심구성요소이며, 연구의 재현성 개선을 통해 수자원공학 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.61 no.3
• /
• pp.399-408
• /
• 2022

There has been much debate on the morphometric divergence between the recently identified Apis cerana koreana and Apis cerana honey bees. The aim of this study was to obtain phenotypic information that can be used to compare A. c. koreana data with other A. cerana subspecies data from open resources and determine breeding results on the basis of morphometric traits. To differentiate A. c. koreana, we investigated 22 classic morphological characteristics; royal jelly secretion; and the weight of workers, queens, and drones of A. c. koreana bred in Korea. To define the selection results, we used the geometric morphometric method. The artificially selected A. c. koreana secreted significantly more royal jelly (1.18 times) than the naturally selected A. c. koreana, which positively influenced the health of the colonies. These honey bees were identified more clearly with the geometric morphometric method than with the classic morphometric method, which is traditionally used to determine the subspecies. Large trends were noted for A. c. koreana on the basis of our results and literature from the 1980s regarding A. cerana sizes in Korea (tarsal index, length of forewing, and cubital index were measured). The cluster analysis revealed the proximity of A. c. koreana, A. cerana in China, and A. c. indica on the basis of eight classic characters, which, perhaps, relay the origin of the honey bees. The results of this study defined the morphometric responses of A. c. koreana honey bees to geographic isolation, climate change, and selection, which are important to identify, protect, and preserve honey bee stock in Korea.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.7
• /
• pp.99-107
• /
• 1989

The study was conducted to obtain some basic information to establish the system of performance-tests and selection of honeybee queens(Apis mellifera) under Korean circumstances, Colony performances were tested with thirty colonies of Apis mellifera at two apiaries in Taegu, Korea from September, 1988 to August 1989. The results of performance-testing on the colonies are summarized as follows : The colony weight measured before wintering was averaged $23.6{\pm}1.90kg$ and the colony weight was decreased by $2.9{\pm}0.82kg$ in average during winter season. Thirteen colonies were entered in two story hive from thirty single box colonies from April 17 to May 5, 1989 with increase of bee population and, consequently, the ability of enter-supers of the colonies apperared to be low. The ability of collecting pollen was measured to be $14.8{\pm}2.15gr$ per colony during 24 hours in April, and the number of swarm cells was counted $12.5{\pm}3.43$ cells per colony in aveage. Tendency to use propolis appeared to be moderate, and the number of returning foragers for a minute per colony was counted $108.7{\pm}18.31$ bees in average. Brood area was measured $2,464{\pm}628,67cm^2$ per colony in the post nectar flow season of acasia, and 30.8 percent of the colonies appeared to be infected with chalkbrood disease, The amount of honey production was $14.9{\pm}8.49kg$ per colony, which was harvested two times during the main nectar flow season of acasia.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2017

Susceptibility and persistence of Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus adults, and acute contact toxicity, foliage contact toxicity, and residual toxicity to honeybee, Apis mellifera were evaluated by using 5 kinds of neonicotinoid pesticides. All neonicotinoids pesticides showed over 80% mortality 48 hour after body spray treatment. However, only 2 kinds of acetamiprid ME and acetamiprid+buprofezin showed over 80% mortality in the twig dipping treatment. All of the five neonicotinoides pesticides used in M. alternatus adults showed residual effect of 60-80% mortality, but the efficacy decreased rapidly after 1 day of treatment. Acetamiprid ME showed the lowest toxicity in the acute and foliage contact toxicity test of A. mellifera. The residual toxicity of leaves on A. mellifera was very low in acetamiprid ME and acetamiprid+buprofezin. However, the residual toxicity of all pesticides treatments decreased to 10-30% after 1 day of treatment and further decreased with time. These results indicate that acetamiprid ME among five neonicotinoid agents showed a high insecticidal activity in the M. alternatus adults, while it exhibited relatively low contact and residual toxicity in the A. mellifera. It is thought that acetamiprid ME can be effectively used for the control of the M. alternatus adults as vector of pine wilt disease.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 2001

The study was conducted to establish the method of performance test of honeybee queens under Korean environment. Colony performances of Apis mellifera were tested based on wintering ability, colony population and honey yield in Sangju, Korea from November, 1999 to October, 2001. The results of performance-testing on the honeybee colonies are summarized as follows: The colony weights measured before and after wintering in 1999~2000 season were averaged $22.6{\pm}2.6kg$ and $20.1{\pm}2.6kg$, respectively, showing the decrease of $2.5{\pm}0.7kg$. During 2000~2001 winter season, the colony weight before wintering was $22.6{\pm}2.3kg$ and was decreased by $2.3{\pm}0.6kg$. The number of combs well covered with bees was $13.1{\pm}4.6$ as measured on the 22nd of May. 2000 and $16.0{\pm}3.8$ on the 21st of May. 2001, respectively. The rate of supering colonies were 50% and 98.5% in 2000 and 2001, respectively. The amount of honey production was $12.7{\pm}8.6kg$ per colony in 2000, and $14.2{\pm}7.6kg$ per colony with unselected queens and $23.5{\pm}4.9kg$ per colony with selected-tested queens in 2001, which were harvested two times during main nectar flow season of black locust, Robinia peseudoacasia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.60 no.3
• /
• pp.263-268
• /
• 2021

The venom of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) is used to treat many diseases because of its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. Bee venom consists of several biologically active molecules and exhibits remarkable anti-cancer effects. However, biological amines, which exhibit diverse functionality such as anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects, have not been previously reported in bee venom. In this study, we determined the content of putrescine in bee venom by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The specificity, accuracy, and precision of the assay were assessed, and the assay validated. The linearity of the putrescine assay was r ≥ 0.99, indicating a moderate level of putrescine in the bee venom. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were both 0.9 ㎍/mL, while the rate of recovery was 96.4%-99.9%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the intra-day precision and inter-day precision of the putrescine assay were 0.16% - 0.23% and 0.09% - 0.36%, respectively, with the RSD ≤ 5% indicating excellent precision. Thus, the linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and recovery rate of the putrescine assay were satisfactory. The analysis of the bee venom showed that the putrescine content was 3.1 ± 0.09 mg/g. This study provides fundamental data on putrescine content in bee venom, which will prove useful in further studies of its bioactivity.

• Journal of Apiculture
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.27-39
• /
• 2017

PCR-chip-based ultra-rapid multiplex PCRs for detection of six major infectious pathogens in honeybee were developed. The 6 kinds of major infectious pathogens in honeybee included Paenibacillus larvae causing American Foulbrood, Melissococcus plutonius causing European Foulbrood as bacteria, Ascosphaera apis (Chalkbrood), Aspergillus flavus (Stonebrood), Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae (Nosemosis) as fungi. The developed PCR-chip-based ultra-rapid multiplex PCR showed successful amplification for all six major pathogens in the presence of more than $10^3$ molecules. The time for confirming amplification (Threshold cycles; Ct-time) was about 7 minutes for two species, and about 9 minutes for four species. Total 40 cycles of PCR took 11 minutes 42 seconds and time for melting point analysis was 1 minute 15 seconds. Total time for whole PCR detection was estimated 12 minutes 57 seconds (40 cycles of PCR and melting point analysis). PCR-chip based ultra-rapid multiplex PCR using standard DNA substrates showed close to 100% accuracy and no false-amplification was found with honeybee genomic DNA. Ultra-rapid multiplex PCR is expected to be a fast and efficient pathogen detection method not only in the laboratory but also in the apiary field.

• Journal of Apiculture
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2020

The questionnaire survey for Apis cerana beekeepers and professionals on improved native bee hives was carried out and we compared the temperature, relative humidity(RH), and weight changes of 4 improved hives(Chungju, Miryang, Hanam, and Suwon) from May 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. Beekeepers need vertical feeder, hive stand, entrance block, and separating panel as hive accessory devices. The average temperatures within brood area were kept constantly (31.3~35.1℃) and the low daily variances of temperature (≤1℃) in Chungju hive among tested hives were observed. The daily temperature variances in the separated space and on the top of winter cluster were not different among 4 hives. In correlation between the temperature of brood area and the number of combs, Chungju hive showed the highest correlation(80.4%) and between the temperature on top of winter clusters and outside temperature, 4 hives showed high positive correlation(76.8~87.1%). RH of brood area(45~60%) in all hives were kept relatively low and constant compared to the outside RH(60~85%). The stablest RH on the top of winter cluster was observed in Suwon hives (65~75%) The highest cumulative weight increase among hives and the high positive correlation(65~67%) between the change of cumulative hive weight and combs number of hives were shown in the Miryang and Chungju. Based on these results, A. cerana bees are able to manage constant temperature and RH within hives area for their colony life, which also effected by the types of hive.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.59 no.4
• /
• pp.371-382
• /
• 2020

The A, C, F colonies of Apis mellifera ligustica Spin. and D, V colony of Apis mellifera caucasia Gorb. bees were collected from 2005-2007. Consequently, inbred lines were derived from the bees of original colonies by matting in the isolated island with due regard for pure breeding. This project helps in the selection of colonies with higher production capacity, aiming to improve honey and royal jelly production and breeding programs. Twenty-three standard morphological traits of honeybee were evaluated, and samples were compared with the data of the two original subspecies. The result suggested that 8 traits partly preserved in bees of inbred lines, and the bees from A. m. ligustica preserved more traits than bees from A. m. caucasia. Among the studied inbred lines, the F line is distinguished by an increase in leg parameters, considered as a favorable phenotypic trait of inbred lines. Importantly, bred of beelines in the same area can be classified as remote and isolated areas. Therefore, we observed differences of inbred lines with the origin subspecies in description acquired with morphometric characteristics as a result of adaptation, breeding, purebred individual lines used as an important resource for breeding novel cross-breeding colonies.