• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 1997

The inhibitory effect of herbicides such as sulfonylurea derivatives, imidazolinones and pyrimidylsalicylate has been examined on the purified valine sensitive acetolactate synthase (ALS) from Serratia marcescens. The concentration of sulfometuron methyl which inhibits 50% of the ALS activity was 2.5 mM. The required concentrations of triasulfuron, primisulfuron methyl and imazaquin for the 50% inhibition of the ALS activity were 1 mM. The resistance of Serratia ALS to sulfometuron methyl, imazapyr and imazaquin is similar to that of E. coli ALS 1. However, pyrimidylsalicylate showed a potent inhibitory effect on the Serratia ALS almost 13 times more potent than on E. coli ALS II, which is known as herbicide-sensitive isozyme. The inhibitory mode was competitive against pyruvate. 150 value was determined to be $17{\mu}M$ in an assay mixture containing 20 mM pyruvate, and the $K_1$, value was calculated to be $0.4{\mu}m$ from the modified double reciprocal plot of 1/V versus $1/S^2$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.197-204
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• 1998

This study was conducted to determine the activity of ALS, content of endogenous free amino acids and fatty acids affected by herbicide mixture of cyhalofop-butyl, pyribenzoxim and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. $I_{50}$ values (concentration required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity) of pyribenzoxim herbicide on the activity of ALS in Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus serotinus in vitro were recorded at 4${\times}$100 nM and 5${\times}$10 nM, respectively, while $I_{50}$ values of pyrazosulfuron against E crus-galli and C. serotinus were 4.5${\times}$10 nM and 4${\times}$10 nM, respectively, and the mixture of two herbicides showed additive effect on ALS activity at the low application rate, and independent effect at the high application rates of two herbicides. The inhibition rates of the three herbicides mixture treatment on the three branch-chain amino acids such as valine, leucine and isoleucine were 74.6%, 66.6% and 57.9% in C. serotinus and 36.6% 51.1% and 48.1% in E. crus-galli, respectively. A little bit higher inhibitory effect on the three branch-chain amino acids in C. serotinus and E. crus-galli seedlings was observed in two herbicide mixture of pyribenzoxim with pyrazosulfuron than three herbicide mixture of cyhalofop with pyribenzoxim and pyrazosulfuron. The interaction among three herbicides showed non-antagonism on the amounts of endogenous free amino acids.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2003

Various physicochemical parameters for the active ingredients of 245 herbicides were calculated to develope a diagnosis and estimation system for utility as herbicide. The range of physico-chemical parameters for each inhibitors of photo system II (H1), acetolactate synthase (ALS) (H2) and herbicides were confirmed. The distribution ranges of 85% dependence for each physicochemical parameters were Obs.logP :$-0.90\sim4.50$, dipol moment: $1.80\sim12.22$ (debye), molecular refractivity: $53.0\sim104.0(cm^3/mol)$, polarizability: $19.0\sim37.0(\AA^3)$, HOMO energy: $-9.98\sim-7.34$ (eV), LUMO energy:$-2.76\sim0.40$ (eV), Van der Waals molecular volumes: $558.0\sim995.0(cm^3)$, molecular weight: $202.0\sim430.0$ (amu) and surface areas (Grids): $194.0\sim356.0(\AA^2)$, hydration energy: $-10.16\sim114.7$ Kcal/mol, respectively. It is suggested that MR and polarizability constants will be able to distinguish between herbicides and medicinal drugs. Results revealed that various compounds based on the range of physicochemical parameters of herbicides could be diagnosed and estimated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.257-258
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• 2010

Recently data, which are obtained by the airborne laser scanner system have been utilized to rapidly obtain three-dimensional location coordinates for a large area. According to operation regulation, the distance between a GPS base station and a aircraft GPS is fixed within a radius of 30km. In this paper, we compare data obtained by GPS observation station operated in National Geographic Information Institute with those obtained by GPS base station for making a airborne laser survey.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.251-252
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• 2010

Lately, airborne digital camera and airborne laser scanner in field of airborne surveying is used to build geography information such as DEM generation and terrain analysis. In this study, 3D position accuracy is compared medium format CCD camera RCD105 with high resolution airborne digital camera DMC. For this, test area was decided for aerial photograph and ground control points was selected in 1/1,000 scale digital map. In Result, Root Mean Square Error(RMSE) was analyzed between RCD105 and DMC after aerial triangulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.449-454
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• 2010

Lately, airborne digital camera and airborne laser scanner in field of airborne surveying are used to build geography information such as digital ortho photo map and DEM(Digital Elevation Model). In this study, 3D position accuracy is compared medium format CCD camera RCD105 with airborne digital camera DMC. For this, test area was decided for aerial photograph. And using 1/1,000 scale digital map, ground control points were selected for aerial triangulation and check points were selected for horizontal/vertical accuracy analysis using softcopy stereoplotter. Accuracy of RCD105 and DMC was estimated by result of aerial triangulation and result of check points measurement of using softcopy stereoplotter. In result of aerial triangulation, RMSE(Root Mean Square Error) X, Y, Z of RCD105 is 2.1, 2.2, 1.3 times larger than DMC. In result of check point measurement using softcopy stereoplotter, horizontal/ vertical RMSE of RCD105 is 2.5, 4.3 times larger than DMC. Even though accuracy of RCD105 is lower than DMC, it is maybe possible to make digital map and ortho photo using RCD105.