• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.382-389
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• 2013

Propionate is an important intermediate product during the methane fermentation of organic matter, and its degradation is crucial for maintaining the performance of an anaerobic digester. In order to understand the effect of temperature on propionate degradation, an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor with synthetic wastewater containing propionate as a sole carbon source was introduced. Under the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h and influent propionate of 2,000 mg/l condition, propionate removal was above 94% at 30-$35^{\circ}C$, whereas propionate conversion was inhibited when temperature was suddenly decreased stepwise from $30^{\circ}C$ to $25^{\circ}C$, to $20^{\circ}C$, and then to $18^{\circ}C$. After a long-term operation, the propionate removal at $25^{\circ}C$ resumed to the value at 30- $35^{\circ}C$, whereas that at $20^{\circ}C$ and $18^{\circ}C$ was still lower than the value at $35^{\circ}C$ by 8.1% and 20.7%, respectively. Microbial community composition analysis showed that Syntrophobacter and Pelotomaculum were the major propionate-oxidizing bacteria (POB), and most POB had not changed with temperature decrease in the UASB. However, two POB were enriched at $18^{\circ}C$, indicating they were low temperature tolerant. Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum were the dominant methanogens in this UASB and remained constant during temperature decrease. Although the POB and methanogenic composition hardly changed with temperature decrease, the specific $COD_{Pro}$ removal rate of anaerobic sludge (SCRR) was reduced by 21.4%-46.4% compared with the control ($35^{\circ}C$) in this system.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.499-504
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• 2000

Amelogenesis imperfecta is defined as a genetically determined effect affecting enamel formation and may be associated with other ectodermal or systemic disorders. It is entirely an ectodermal disturbance, since the mesodermal components of the teeth are basically normal. The presentation of diverse clinical manifestations in 1:14,000 to 1:16,000. Classification of the AI types considers mode of inheritance and clinical manifestations. The most widely accepted classification system recognize three major groups; i.e., hypoplastic(thin enamel), hypocalcified(primary mineralization defect), hypomaturation(defect in enamel maturation). The treatment is that at first, genetic counselling must be practiced, and in anterior teeth, composite resin veneer or jacket crown for esthetics, and in posterior teeth, stainlees steel crown or gold onlay.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2020

The big data and artificial intelligence technology, which has provided the foundation for the recent 4th industrial revolution, has become a major driving force in business innovation across industries. In the field of information security, we are trying to develop and improve an intelligent security system by applying these techniques to large-scale log data, which has been difficult to find effective utilization methods before. The quality of security log big data, which is the basis of information security AI learning, is an important input factor that determines the performance of intelligent security system. However, the difference and complexity of log data by various product has a problem that requires excessive time and effort in preprocessing big data with poor data quality. In this study, we research and analyze the cases related to log data collection of various firewall. By proposing firewall log data collection format standard, we hope to contribute to the development of intelligent security systems based on security log big data.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.952-957
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• 2008

A Gram-negative bacterium, named LY402, was isolated from contaminated soil. 16S rDNA sequencing and measurement of the physiological and biochemical characteristics identified it as belonging to the genus Enterohacter. Degradation experiments showed that LY402 had the ability to aerobically transform 79 of the 91 major congeners of Aroclor 1242, 1254, and 1260. However, more interestingly, the strain readily degraded certain highly chlorinated and recalcitrant polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Almost all the tri- and tetra-chlorobiphenyls (CBs), except for 3,4,3',4'-CB, were degraded in 3 days, whereas 73% of 3,4,3',4'-, 92% of the penta-, 76% of the hexa-, and 37% of the hepta-CBs were transformed after 6 days. In addition, among 12 octa-CBs, 2,2',3,3',5,5',6,6-CB was obviously degraded, and 2,2',3,3',4,5,6,6'- and 2,2',3,3',4,5,5',6'-CB were slightly transformed. In a metabolite analysis, mono- and dichlorobenzoic acids (CBAs) were identified, and parts of them were also transformed by strain LY402. Analysis of PCB degradation indicated that strain LY402 could effectively degrade PCB congeners with chlorine substitutions in both ortho- and para-positions. Consequently, this is the first report of an Enterobacteria that can efficiently degrade both low and highly chlorinated PCBs under aerobic conditions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.467-473
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• 2010

A total of 4,323,781 records for informal 16 primary linear descriptive traits of dairy cows in Holstein breed from 1988 to 2007 in USA were analyzed to estimate adjustment factors for lactation number and stage. While all factors in the model were highly significant (P < 0.01), major influences on linear type traits were due to lactation number and stage. The frequencies of lactation number 1 through 6 were 58.6, 22.0, 11.8, 4.8, 2.1, and 0.8%, respectively. Further, the frequencies of lactation stage were 0.7, 76.9, 15.3, 4.9, and 2.1%, respectively, for springing, early, medium, late, and dry. To adjust 16 linear traits (stature, dairy form, strength, body depth, rump width, rump angle, legs rear view, leg set, foot angle, fore udder, rear udder height, rear udder width, udder support, udder depth, and front teat placement), additive and multiplicative adjustment factors of lactation number (lactations 2 to 4) and stage (springing, medium, late and dry) were estimated with the solutions in the generalized linear model, assigning lactation 1 and stage early as base class. Additive adjustment factors of lactation number ranged from -1.23 to 2.908, while multiplicative factors ranged from 0.853 to 2.207. Further, additive and multiplicative adjustment factors for lactation stage ranged from -0.668 to 0.785, and from 0.891 to 1.154. Application of adjustment factors to 20 randomly sampled sub-data sets produced the results that additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage reduced more mean square of lactation number and stage over 16 linear traits than any combination of adjustments, and leaded additive adjustment factors for both lactation number and stage as a choice of methods for adjustment of informal 16 primary linear type traits collected by classifiers of AI studs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 2018

AIS is the most important navigation equipment for the identification of other ships, etc. However, the AIS overload problem has been raised recently due to an increase in AIS equipped vessels. The government is planning to introduce the wireless LTE network at 100 km offshore as part of the SMART-Navigation project. Continuous development and dissemination of the services available through such platforms will be necessary to achieve major goals such as marine accident prevention and environmental protection. In this study, we applied a WAVE communication system, which could be the basis for the development of such services. As a result, reliable data transmission was confirmed for a range of communication of approx. 5 miles, although the service was limited to 1 km in road traffic. Therefore, it is expected that WAVE communication technology will be used to prevent marine accidents through such efforts as collision avoidance and the transfer of marine safety information between ships.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.233-242
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• 2021

In this paper, as a liberal arts course for non-majors, we proposed a supervised learning artificial neural network parameter optimization method and a basic education method for activation function to design a basic artificial neural network subject curriculum. For this, a method of finding a parameter optimization solution in a spreadsheet without programming was applied. Through this training method, you can focus on the basic principles of artificial neural network operation and implementation. And, it is possible to increase the interest and educational effect of non-majors through the visualized data of the spreadsheet. The proposed contents consisted of artificial neurons with sigmoid and ReLU activation functions, supervised learning data generation, supervised learning artificial neural network configuration and parameter optimization, supervised learning artificial neural network implementation and performance analysis using spreadsheets, and education satisfaction analysis. In this paper, considering the optimization of negative parameters for the sigmoid neural network and the ReLU neuron artificial neural network, we propose a training method for the four performance analysis results on the parameter optimization of the artificial neural network, and conduct a training satisfaction analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1206-1213
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• 2021

A drone invented for the military has been increased the range of application with the development of relevant technology, and it influences to include the private area. Currently, the use of drone has been increasing in many areas, such as agriculture, unmanned parcel service, production of image contents, and architecture. In 2021, South of Korea, a drone certificate system for drone flight is introduced and on operation. In case of drone flight with the maximum takeoff weight as 2kg or up, the flight experience and practical examination are required, whereas in case of drone lighter than 2kg, the online education qualification is enough to operate it without the flight experience and practical examination. Recently, the drone related accidents have been increasing with the rapidly supply of camera drones with the maximum takeoff weight as less than 2kg. This paper introduces the characteristics of the camera drone to meet burgeoning demand, and discusses an education plan for the camera drone.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2019

The present research aims to identify the issues that occurred when uploading stock photos to the internet-based stock image agencies and to develop technical solutions based on web service technologies. We identify the issues by examination of previous studies and stock photo uploading systems of major three agencies currently in service. As such, we develop web service technology by focusing on the following matters. First, we apply an automatic tag system to ensure convenience. Second, to ensure safety, we apply a technology that easily enables prevention of portrait rights violations and trademark infringements. We also prepare for measures against possible harmfulness. Third, to ensure completeness, we apply a method which resolves upload failure issues that frequently occurred in the past. In particular, the present research is significant as it applies an automatic image analysis system based on Google Cloud Vision API as the artificial intelligence-based image processing technology. In addition, we develop a web service program which improves user access by using SNS-type screen composition.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.237-253
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• 2018

In a rapidly changing environment, dynamic resources have become important factors for companies, the use of Big Data come into focus new core value of business but researches on the major resources and capabilities of companies are insufficient. In this study, the effect of dynamic capability and entrepreneurial orientation in the SMEs on the intention of Big Data utilization are explored. For the purpose of empirical analysis, the survey condusted of 364 domestic SMEs to analyze the effect of dynamic capability on the intention of Big Data utilization through entrepreneurial orientation, performed a parallel multi-parameter analysis of using SPSS Win Ver.22.0 and PROCESS macro v3.0. The results of hypothesis testing showing that dynamic resources and entrepreneurial orientation had positive influence intention of big data utilization. For the determinants of Big Data utilization related to AI it provide suggestions thereby improving the understanding of dynamic capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation and helping to improve the management of SMEs.