• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.24 no.7
• /
• pp.730-736
• /
• 2013

Time-domain clutter generation model for airborne pulse doppler phase-array radar is presented. Time-domain surface clutter signal is generated assuming earth of a sphere and considering geometry of a clutter patch, and generation of sub-array clutter signal is presented. The generated sub-array clutter signal can be used by simulation input signal in various radar applications of DBF(Digital Beamforming), ABF(Adaptive Beamforming), Stap(Space-Time Adaptive Processing) and etc.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.67 no.2
• /
• pp.239-247
• /
• 2018

Adaptive Beamforming (ABF) algorithm, which is a typical jammer suppression algorithm, guarantees the performance on the assumption that the jamming characteristics of the TDS (Training Data Sample) are stationary, which are obtained immediately before and after transmitting the pulse signal. Therefore, effective jammer suppression can not be expected when the jamming characteristics are non-stationary. In this paper, we propose a new jammer suppression algorithm, of which power spectrum fluctuates fast. In this case, we assume that the location of the jammer station is fixed during the processing time. By applying the MPM (Matrix Pencil Method) to the jamming signal in TDS, we can estimate jammer parameters such as power and incident angle, of which the power will vary fast in time or range bins after TDS. Though we assume that the jammer station is fixed, the estimated jammer's incident angle has an error due to the noise, which degrades the performance of the jammer suppression as the jammer power increases fast. Therefore, the jammer's incident angle should be re-estimated at each range bin after TDS. By using the re-estimated jammer's incident angle, we can construct new covariance matrix under the non-stationary jamming environment. Then, the optimum weight for the jammer suppression is obtained by inversing matrix estimation method based on the matrix projection with the estimated jammer parameters as variables. To verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the SINR (signal-to-interference plus noise ratio) loss of the proposed algorithm is compared with that of the conventional ABF algorithm.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.409-416
• /
• 2009

ADAP is an AP2-domain protein that interacts with ARIA, which, in turn, interacts with ABF2, a bZIP class transcription factor. ABF2 regulates various aspects of the abscisic acid (ABA) response by controlling the expression of a subset of ABA-responsive genes. Our expression analyses indicate that ADAP is expressed in roots, emerging young leaves, and flowers. We found that adap knockout mutant lines germinate more efficiently than wild-type plants and that the mutant seedlings grow faster. This suggests that ADAP is involved in the regulation of germination and seedling growth. Both germination and post-germination growth of the knockout mutants were partially insensitive to ABA, which indicates that ADAP is required for a full ABA response. The survival rates for mutants from which water was withheld were low compared with those for wild-type plants. The result shows that ADAP is necessary for the response to stress induced by water deprivation. Together, our data indicate that ADAP is a positive regulator of the ABA response and is also involved in regulating seedling growth. The role of ADAP is similar to that of ARIA, which is also a positive regulator of the ABA response. It appears that ADAP acts through the same ABA response pathway as ARIA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.10
• /
• pp.1492-1503
• /
• 2015

This study evaluated the combination effect of various freezing and thawing techniques on the quality and nutritional aspects of onions. Onions were frozen by natural air convection freezing (NCF), air blast freezing (ABF), and liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF). Onions were frozen for 76 min by NCF, 9 min by ABF, and 9 min by LNF. The freezing treatment was stopped when the core temperature reached $-12^{\circ}C$ for NCF and ABF, and $-120^{\circ}C$ for LNF. Frozen samples were thawed through natural air convection thawing, running water thawing, sonication thawing (ST), or microwave thawing. The quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions were evaluated by measuring thawing loss, pH, texture, water content, color, and SEM image. ST was found to cause the least loss in onion sample among the tested thawing methods, whereas the freezing methods did not cause any significant loss. In our experiment, thawing is found to be a more critical technique when compared to that of freezing. There were no clear quantifications or trends of pH and water content among different freezing and thawing techniques. The highest total color difference (${\Delta}E$) was observed in the NCF sample. For morphological observation, ABF gave the smallest ice crystal size, as well as minimum cell collapse. Loss of vitamin C, free sugar, and organic acid content was lower in the ABF and ST sample, when compared to other trials. In our study, we found that combination of ABF and ST could preserve the quality and nutritional aspects of frozen-thawed onions better than other methods.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.376-387
• /
• 2018

Among a variety of environmental stresses heat, cold, chilling, high salt, drought, and so on exposed to plants, drought stress has been reported as a crucial factor to adversely affect the growth and productivity of plants. Therefore, to understand the mechanism for the drought stress signal transduction pathway in plants is more helpful to develop useful crops that display the enhanced tolerance against drought stress, and to expand crop growing areas. The signal transduction pathway for the drought stress in plants is largely categorized into two types; ABA-dependent pathway and ABA-independent pathway. It has been reported that two transcription factors, AREB/ABF and DREB2, play predominant roles in ABA-dependent and ABA-independent pathways, respectively. In addition to transcriptional regulation mediated by AREB/ABF and DREB2 transcription factors, post-translational modification (such as phosphorylation and ubiquitination) and epigenetic control are importantly involved in the signal transduction for drought stress. In this paper, we review current understanding of signal transduction pathway on drought stress in plants, especially focusing on the biological roles of a variety of signaling components related to drought stress response. Further understanding the mechanism of drought resistance in plants through this review will be useful to establish theoretical basis for developing drought tolerant crops in the future.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.40 no.5_6
• /
• pp.949-958
• /
• 2022

The aim of this papaer is to prove the discrete compactness property for modified Raviart-Thomas element(MRT) of lowest order on quadrilateral meshes. Then MRT space can be used for eigenvalue problems, and is more efficient than the lowest order ABF space since it has less degrees of freedom.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.677-681
• /
• 1999

Estimates were made of genetic parameters for average daily gain (ADG) and average backfat thickness (ABF), and of the effect of sex on estimates of variance-covariance components for average daily gain of boars (DGM) and gilts (DGF) and average bacfat thickness of boars (BFM) and gilts (BFF) by residual maximum likelihood (REML) under a bivariate animal model. Data included a total of 2233 records (757 for boars and 1476 for gilts) of the Large White breed born between 1981 and 1986 in Miyazaki and Iwate prefectures in Japan. Heritability estimates for ADG and ABF were 0.43 and 0.69, respectively, with a genetic correlation of -0.08. Heritability estimates for DGM and DGF were 0.54 and 0.46, respectively, with a genetic correlation of 0.79, including that the two traits are influenced by similar but not identical genes. Respective estimates for BFM and BFF were 0.71 and 0.72 with a genetic correlation of 0.95, indicating that identical genes influence backfat thickness in boars and gilts.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.514-537
• /
• 2020

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a distributed network composed of many sensory nodes. It is precisely due to the clustering unevenness and cluster head election randomness that the energy consumption of WSN is excessive. Therefore, a many-objective optimization WSN energy balance model is proposed for the first time in the clustering stage of LEACH protocol. The four objective is considered that the cluster distance, the sink node distance, the overall energy consumption of the network and the network energy consumption balance to select the cluster head, which to better balance the energy consumption of the WSN network and extend the network lifetime. A many-objective optimization algorithm to optimize the model (LEACH-ABF) is designed, which combines adaptive balanced function strategy with penalty-based boundary selection intersection strategy to optimize the clustering method of LEACH. The experimental results show that LEACH-ABF can balance network energy consumption effectively and extend the network lifetime when compared with other algorithms.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.807-816
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aims to identify the significant regions and candidate genes of growth-related traits (adjusted backfat thickness [ABF], average daily gain [ADG], and days to 90 kg [DAYS90]) in Korean commercial GGP pig (Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire) populations. Methods: A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for imputation to Illumina PorcineSNP60. The BayesB method was applied to calculate thresholds for the significance of SNP markers. The identified windows were considered significant if they explained ≥1% genetic variance. Results: A total of 28 window regions were related to genetic growth effects. Bayesian GWAS revealed 28 significant genetic regions including 52 informative SNPs associated with growth traits (ABF, ADG, DAYS90) in Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire pigs, with genetic variance ranging from 1.00% to 5.46%. Additionally, 14 candidate genes with previous functional validation were identified for these traits. Conclusion: The identified SNPs within these regions hold potential value for future marker-assisted or genomic selection in pig breeding programs. Consequently, they contribute to an improved understanding of genetic architecture and our ability to genetically enhance pigs. SNPs within the identified regions could prove valuable for future marker-assisted or genomic selection in pig breeding programs.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.111-118
• /
• 2016

MiR399f plays a crucial role in maintaining phosphate homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Under phosphate starvation conditions, AtMYB2, which plays a role in plant salt and drought stress responses, directly regulates the expression of miR399f. In this study, we found that miR399f also participates in plant responses to abscisic acid (ABA), and to abiotic stresses including salt and drought. Salt and ABA treatment induced the expression of miR399f, as confirmed by histochemical analysis of promoter-GUS fusions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing miR399f (miR399f-OE) exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt stress and exogenous ABA, but hypersensitivity to drought. Our in silico analysis identified ABF3 and CSP41b as putative target genes of miR399f, and expression analysis revealed that mRNA levels of ABF3 and CSP41b decreased remarkably in miR399f-OE plants under salt stress and in response to treatment with ABA. Moreover, we showed that activation of stress-responsive gene expression in response to salt stress and ABA treatment was impaired in miR399f-OE plants. Thus, these results suggested that in addition to phosphate starvation signaling, miR399f might also modulates plant responses to salt, ABA, and drought, by regulating the expression of newly discovered target genes such as ABF3 and CSP41b.