• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2013

연구목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 선천성 사경을 가진 22명의 유아에 대해 임상적 양상과 물리치료 만족도 및 사경의 요인을 알아보는 것이다. 연구방법 : 설문지를 통해 유아의 성별과 연령분포, 사경의 요인, 사경의 관리, 사경의 물리치료를 조사하였다. 연구결과 : 1. 환자의 성별 및 연령분포는 남자아이가 9명(41%), 여자아이가 13(59%) 이었고, 연령분포는 1~4개월이 5명(22.7%), 5~8개월이 6명(27.3%), 9~12개월이 4명(18.2%), 그리고 1년 이상은 7명(31.8%) 이었다. 2. 사경의 정도는 경도가 3명(13.6%), 중등도 3명(13.6%), 중증 16명(72.8%) 이었고, 사경의 분만요인으로 정상분만 12명(54.5%), 재왕절개분만 8명(36.4%), 그리고 둔위분만 2명(9.1%)으로 나타났다. 산모의 건강상태에 따른 요인은 매우 양호 7명(31.9%), 양호 11명(50%), 약함 3명(13.6%), 그리고 매우 약함 1명(4.5%) 이었다. 사경의 요인으로 분석된 가족력, 임신, 분만 사이에는 특별한 관련성은 없었다. 3. 사경 환자가 물리치료를 받는 횟수는 매일 치료 9명(40.9%), 일주일에 2~3회 12명(54.5%) 이었고 물리치료에 대한 만족도는 매우 우수 4명(18.2%), 우수 15명(68.2%), 보통 3명(13.6%)로 나타났다. 결론 : 이러한 결과를 통해 물리치료가 선천성 사경에 매우 효과적이었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.678-682
• /
• 2010

A doubly tethered chiral stationary phase (CSP) based on (+)-(18-crown-6)-2,3,11,12-tetracarboxylic acid were applied to the liquid chromatographic resolution of racemic tocainide, an antiarrhythmic agent, and its analogues. The chiral recognition efficiency of the doubly tethered CSP for tocainide and its analogues was generally greater than that of the corresponding singly tethered CSP especially in terms of the resolution ($R_S$). The resolution of tocainide and its analogues on the doubly tethered CSP were dependent on the content and the type of the organic and acidic modifiers in aqueous mobile phase and the column temperature. Especially, the retention behaviors of analytes on the doubly tethered CSP with the variation of the content of organic modifier in aqueous mobile phase were opposite to those on the corresponding singly tethered CSP and these opposite retention behaviors were rationalized by the lipophilicity differences of the two CSPs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.7
• /
• pp.1875-1880
• /
• 2010

A dicycle pyrazoline derivative, 1-phenyl-5-(p-fluorophenyl)-3,4-($\alpha$-p-fluoro-tolylenecyclohexano) pyrazoline, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, fluorescence spectra and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Density function theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using B3LYP method with 6-$311G^{**}$ basis set. The optimized geometry can well simulate the molecular structure. Vibrational frequencies were predicted, assigned and compared with the experimental values, which suggest that B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method can well predict the IR spectra. Both the experimental electronic absorption spectra and the predicted ones by B3LYP/6-$311G^{**}$ method reveal three electron-transition bands, with the theoretical ones having some red shifts compared with the experimental data. Natural bond orbital analyses indicate that the absorption bands are mainly derived from the contribution of n $\rightarrow\pi^*$ and $\pi\rightarrow\pi^*$ transitions. Fluorescence spectra determination shows that the title compound can emit blue-light at about 478 nm. On the basis of vibrational analysis, the thermodynamic properties of title compound at different temperature have been calculated, revealing the correlations between $C^0_{p,m}$, $S^0_m$, $H^0_m$ and temperature.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.31 no.8
• /
• pp.2158-2162
• /
• 2010

Studies on the molecular construction and structures of $M(NO_3)_2$ (M = Cu(II), Ni(II)) complexes with 1,2-bis(dimethyl-3-pyridylsilyl)ethane (L) have been carried out. Formation of each molecular skeleton appears to be primarily associated with a suitable combination of bidentate N-donors of L and coordinating nature of octahedral metal(II) ions: [$Cu(NO_3)_2(L)_2$] yields a 2-dimensional sheet structure consisting of 44-membered $Cu_4L_4$ skeleton whereas $[Ni(L)_2(H_2O)_2](NO_3)_2$ produces an interpenetrated 3-dimensional structure consisting of 66-membered cyclohexanoid ($M_6L_6$) skeleton. The Cu(II) ion prefers nitrate whereas the Ni(II) ion prefers water molecules as the fifth and the sixth ligands.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.913-919
• /
• 2013

Magnesium alloys are known to be hard-forming materials at room temperature owing to their material structure. This study analyzes the optimal temperature conditions of warm-forming and the forming process by using a high-pressure laminating test and FM analysis, respectively. The effect of temperature on the fatigue limit was examined from the collected specimens by analyzing the material properties after the fatigue test. The material formed at a temperature of $230^{\circ}C$ shows occasional defects, but the best forming quality was obtained at $270^{\circ}C$. The optimal temperature for the forming process was found to be $250^{\circ}C$ considering the material quality and thermal efficiency. The overall fatigue life of specimens decreases with an increase in the processing temperature. The fatigue limit of AZ31 formed at $250^{\circ}C$ was approximately 100 MPa after $10^6$ cycles.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2016

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have revolutionized many areas of biological research due to the sharp reduction in costs that has led to the generation of massive amounts of sequence information. Analysis of large genome data sets is however still a challenging task because it often requires significant computer resources and knowledge of bioinformatics. Here, we provide a guide for an uninitiated who wish to analyze high-throughput NGS data. We focus specifically on the analysis of organelle genome and metagenome data and describe the current bioinformatic pipelines suited for this purpose.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.53 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 2009

Most of families in Korea keep some medicines that has been expired or not been used for a long time, and these medicines could be causing environmental or social problems. Currently many people concerned about their health and therefore show a tendency to visit many health facilities. It eventually brings to remain more medication in home The aim of this study is to determine the drug waste minimization and drug disposal in Korean home and provide the proper guideline for them. This study were performed by visiting total randomly selected 140 homes at the Seoul area from July 23rd, 2008 to July 31st, 2008 by questionnaire. This survey comprised total 6 parts and total 22 questions. In results, 77 (55.0%) among 140 families answered to this survey. 89.6% of families keep unused medicine in the home. Most were tablet (66.3%) and syrup (19.2%) dosage type. They usually kept the unused medicine in the room (41.6%) or no certain place. 76.6% families reused the medicine and used for themselves. The reason for reuse is similar symptoms by their decision. The reason for medicine was left over is not following the prescription's direction (31.3%). They mostly dispose the unused medications by throwing into a trash can (71.4%). In conclusion, many families keeps unused medication and it could cause health and environmental problems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.31 no.6_2
• /
• pp.577-583
• /
• 2013

Recently, massive archives of ground information imagery from new sensors have become available. To establish a functional relationship between the image and the ground space, sensor models are required. The rational functional model (RFM), which is used as an alternative to the rigorous sensor model, is an attractive option owing to its generality and simplicity. To determine the rational polynomial coefficients (RPC) in RFM, however, we encounter the problem of obtaining a stable solution. The design matrix for solutions is usually ill-conditioned in the experiments. To solve this unstable solution problem, regularization techniques are generally used. In this paper, we describe the effective determination of the optimal regularization parameter in the regularization technique during RPC derivation. A brief mathematical background of RFM is presented, followed by numerical approaches for effective determination of the optimal regularization parameter using the Euler Method. Experiments are performed assuming that a tilted aerial image is taken with a known rigorous sensor. To show the effectiveness, calculation time and RMSE between L-curve method and proposed method is compared.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the reproductive behavior of the barn swallow. The study was carried out in Gwangju, Korea during the 2013 breeding season. In the morning, the nest-building frequency was 14.2~31.0 trips/h (10.2~19.8 trips/h by male and 4.0~11.4 trips/h by female). The nest-building activity took 7.6~15.9 min/h (4.8~8.1 min/h by male and 2.8~8.0 min/h by female). The nest-building time by female ($40.0{\pm}27.9sec/trip$) was about 1.5 times longer than the nest-building time by male ($26.1{\pm}15.5sec/trip$). Only the female incubated the eggs. The Incubation time was $50.6{\pm}17.5min/h$ (84%) at 6h, 24.5 min/h (40.8%) at 7h and 15.6 min/h (26.0%) thereafter. During daytime, the female incubation time showed a highly significant difference (p<0.001), and the incubation time at 6h was higher than that at other times. There was a significantly negative correlation between female incubation time and the mean air temperature(p<0.05). The frequency of feeding was $385.2{\pm}66.9trips/nest$ in the daytime ($219.2{\pm}37.1trips/nest$ by male and $166.0{\pm}30.8trips/nest$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour was $32.1{\pm}12.3trips/h$ ($18.3{\pm}7.8trips/h$ by male and $14.3{\pm}4.5trips/h$ by female). The frequency of feeding per hour showed a significant difference in the range of 10h(p<0.05) and 15h(p<0.01) by sex. The time of feeding by female ($40.9{\pm}83.3sec/trip$) was longer than the time of feeding by male ($12.3{\pm}31.0sec/trip$). The juvenile defecation frequency was $45.6{\pm}8.4times/nest$ per day and showed a positive correlation with feeding frequency (p<0.05). The results of this study will be helpful in understanding the reproductive behaviors of the swallow adapted to the environment in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
• /
• v.31 no.5
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2011

Most of domestic building generally don't have fixed shading devices considering of appearance and aesthetic issues. In this study is suggested that tilt window simultaneously has a role of shading and blocking solar radiation. The tilt window thermal performance is investigated by relation ship between inclination and heating cooling road. As comparing vertical window with $5^{\circ}$ and $7^{\circ}$ of tilt window respectively, the heating load is increased by 3.6% and cooling load is reduced by 8.1% on $5^{\circ}$ tilt window and the heating load is increased by 5.3% and cooling load is reduced by 11.5% on $5^{\circ}$ tilt window. Especially, the total load of alternative tilt window is showed the reduction rate 2.6% and3.6% compared of vertical window. Therefore, the tilt window is possible to role of shading of solar radiation and reduction of heating and cooling load.