• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2015

It is well established that TGF-${\beta}1$ and retinoic acid (RA) cause IgA isotype switching in mice. We recently found that lactoferrin (LF) also has an activity of IgA isotype switching in spleen B cells. The present study explored the effect of LF on the Ig production by mouse peritoneal B cells. LF, like TGF-${\beta}1$, substantially increased IgA production in peritoneal B1 cells but little in peritoneal B2 cells. In contrast, LF increased IgG2b production in peritoneal B2 cells much more strongly than in peritoneal B1 cells. LF in combination with RA further enhanced the IgA production and, interestingly, this enhancement was restricted to IgA isotype and B1 cells. Similarly, the combination of the two molecules also led to expression of gut homing molecules ${\alpha}4{\beta}7$ and CCR9 on peritoneal B1 cells, but not on peritoneal B2 cells. Thus, these results indicate that LF and RA can contribute to gut IgA response through stimulating IgA isotype switching and expression of gut-homing molecules in peritoneal B1 cells.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.27 no.5_6
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• pp.1493-1499
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• 2009

Let $A_1$ and $A_2$ be nonzero complex idempotent and tripotent matrix, respectively. Denote a linear combination of the two matrices by A = $c_1A_1$ + $c_2A_2$, where $c_1,\;c_2$ are nonzero complex scalars. In this paper, under an assumption of $A_1A_2$ = $A_2A_1$, we characterize all situations in which the linear combination is tripotent. A statistical interpretation of this tripotent problem is also pointed out. Moreover, In [2], Baksalary characterized all situations in which the above linear combination is idem-potent by using the property of decomposition of a tripotent matrix, i.e. if $A_2$ is tripotent, then $A_2$ = $B_1-B_2$, where $B^2_i=B_i$, i = 1, 2 and $B_1B_2=B_2B_1=0$. While in this paper, by utilizing a method different from the one used by Baksalary in [2], we prove the theorem 1 in [2] again.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2009

To investigate the genetic variation of high-and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (BMW-GS and LMW-GS), granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) and puroindoline in 24 Korean wheat cultivars. At the BMW-GS compositions, three Glu-A1 alleles, five Glu-B1 alleles and three Glu-D1 alleles were identified. The high frequency of alleles at each locus was Glu-A1c allele (15 cultivars), Glu-B1b allele (16 cultivars) and Glu-D1f allele (16 cultivars). Four alleles were identified at the Glu-A3 and Glu-B3 loci and three at Glu-D3 locus and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d and Glu-D3a were mainly found at each Glu-3 locus. Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3b or c (4 cultivars, respectively) and Glu-A3d, Glu-B3d, Glu-D3a and Glu-A3c, Glu-B3d or h, Glu-D3a (3 cultivar, respectively) were predominantly found in Korean wheats. At the GBSS compositions, 2 waxy wheat cultivars, Shinmichal and Shinmichal1, showed null alleles on the Wx loci and other cultivars were wild type in GBSS compositions. At the puroindoline gene compositions, Korean wheat cultivars carried 3 genotypes, which 10 cultivars (41.7%) were Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a, 11 cultivars (45.8%) had Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1b and 3 cultivars (12.5%) carried Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1a. These genetic variations could present the information to improve flour and end-use quality in Korean wheat breeding programs.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.17-20
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• 1996

The effect of Fumonisin B1, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium moniliforme on bacterial viruses P1 and Lambda, was investigated by the virus plaque assay. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the P1 viral multiplication in the concentration range from $100{\mu}g$/ml to $400{\mu}g$/ml. The inhibition was Fumonisin B1 concentration-dependent. Another bacterial virus Lambda multiplication was also inhibited by lower concentration of Fumonisin B1 ($10{\mu}g$/ml~$50{\mu}g$/ml). This inhibition was dependent on Fumonisin B1 and on virus-Fumonisin B1 reaction time. Sensitivity of bacteriophage Lambda to Fumonisin B1 was higher than that of P1 virus. Lambda vital DNA was treated in vitro with Fumonisin B1 at various concentration. Significant DNA fragmentation by Fumonisin 191 was observed in the agarose gel electrophoresis. Lambda viral DNA was partially digested even in the Fumonisin B1 $10{\mu}g$ and the level of its fragmentation was dependent on Fumonisin B1 amount up to $30{\mu}g$ per assay.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

Six malformin B's produced by Aspergillus niger van Tiegh. were separated by HPLC. Their structures determined by the methods of amino acid analyses, mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional NMR were revealed as cyclic pentapeptides structurally related to malformin $A_1$. Both the NMR and MS/MS data suggest that the respective structures of separated malformin B's were as follows; cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-allo-Ile for $B_{1a}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Leu-L-Leu for $B_{1b}$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Leu for $B_2$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Leu for $B_3$, cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Ile-L-Ile for $B_4$, and cyclo-D-Cys-D-Cys-L-Val-D-Val-L-Ile for $B_5$. Among the malformin B's, the structure of $B_{1b}$ was the same as that of malformin $A_3$ or C. All the malformin B's showed physiological activities in the two assay systems using corn(Zea mays L.) roots and mung bean(Phaseolus aureus Roxb.) hypercotyl segments. The malformin B's with molecular weight 529 were more effective for inducing corn root curvature than those with molecular weight 515. The difference in molecular weight of malformin B's, i.e., the retention time on HPLC, results in the polarity change of the whole malformin molecule which affects the revealation of the malformin activities. In addition, the disulfide form of the malformin B's gives the rigidity of the molecule, whereas the combination of the fourth and the fifth amino acid residues provides the optimal three-dimensional configuration to the malformin receptor of plants. Presumably, these two factors are appeared to be essential for the greatest physiological activity of malformin B's. malformin $B_{1a}$ caused the corn root curvature by 90% at a concentration of $0.25{\mu}M$. However, such differential activities with molecular weight of 529 or 515 of malformin B's were not found in the mung bean hypercotyl segment test. Maximum stimulation of mung bean hypercotyl growth was observed at $0.1{\mu}M$ concentration of malformin B's. The growth of the segments treated with $B_5$ was 154% greater than that of the control.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 1999

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of the quinoxaline 4-oxide 10 with 2-chloroacrylonitrile gave the 2,3-dihydro-lH-1,2-diazepino[3,4-blquinoxalines lla, b, respectively, which were converted into the 2,3,4,6-tetrahydro-lH-l,2-diazepino[3,4-b]quinoxaline 12. The reaction of compound lla with selenium dioxide in acetic acid/water resulted in ring transformation to give the 1,4-dihydro-4-oxopyridazino[3,4-blquinoxaline 13.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.230-233
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• 2007

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) acts as a negative regulator of insulin signaling, and selective inhibition of PTP1B has served as a potential drug target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. As part of our searching for PTP1B inhibitors from natural products, the extracts of marine microorganisms were screened for the inhibitory effects on the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Among the tested 304 extracts, 29 extracts exhibited inhibition rate ranging 40.1 - 83.6 % against PTP1B at the concentration level of $30{\mu}g/mL$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2008

Let G be a graph, and let a, b, k be integers with $0{\leq}a{\leq}b,k\geq0$. Then graph G is called an (a, b, k)-critical graph if after deleting any k vertices of G the remaining graph of G has an [a, b]-factor. In this paper, the relationship between binding number bind(G) and (a, b, k)-critical graph is discussed, and a binding number condition for a graph to be (a, b, k)-critical is given.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2255-2260
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• 2010

In this study, some novel thiosubstituted butenyne (3a-d, 7b, 15b), butadiene (4a-b, 4d, 5a, 5c, 6b, 8e, 9c, 10b, 16b, 18e) and [3]cumulene (11a-b with isomer 3a-b, 12a with isomer 13a, 14b, 17e) compounds were synthesized from the reaction of 2H-pentachloro-1,3-butadiene with thiols. The new compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, UV-vis, IR, 1H NMR, NMR ($^{13}C$ or APT) spectroscopy.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2000

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Gobongeerlhobang(GG1B), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. GG1B extracts exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against HT1080, A549, SK-MEL-2 and SK-OV-3 cell lines. 2. The T/C% was 120.7% in GG1B treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 3. GG1B extracts exhibited inefficient adhesive effect of A549, B16-BL6 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 4. GG1B extracts showed a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 cells in C57BL/6. 5. In CAM assays, angiogenesis was insignificantly inhibited in GG1B treated group than control group. These results suggested that GG1B extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of cancer.