• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.109-111
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• 2000

Two compounds were isolated from the root of Astragalus membranaceus(Bunge). On the basis of spectroscopic data their structures were identified as stigmast-4-en-3-one and a mixture of 2'-angeloyloxy-1',2'-dihydroxanthyletin and 2'-senecioyloxy-1',2'-dihydroxanthyletin. They were first isolated from the genus of Astragalus.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.825-829
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• 2004

This study was carried out to differentiate the origins of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge and A. membranaceus Bunge var. mogholicus Nakai. To identify the variation of the RAPD patterns between domestic and foreign Astragalus species, 40 random primers were applied to ten accessions of A. membranaceus and six accessions of A. membranaceus var. mogholicus genomic DNA, respectively, Ten primers of 40 primers could be used to discriminate the origins and 33 polymorph isms among 44 scored DNA fragments (33 fragments are specific for A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mogholicus) were generated using these primers, 75.0 % of which were polymorphic. Especially, three primers of ten primers, OPA17, OPA11 and OPB11, were useful to differentiate between domestic and foreign Astragalus species. RAPD data from the 10 primers were used for cluster analysis and cluster analysis of RAPD markers showed that the two groups are distinct genetically. Consequently, RAPD analysis was a useful method to discriminate between A. membranaceus and A. membranaceus var. mogholicus.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-48
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• 1997

Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子), Ligustrum lucidum Ail (女貞子) are Herbs that are frequently used in a lot of prescriptions to reduce the side effects of anti-cancer therapies, especially like chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The radioprotective and hemopoietic effects of these Herbs on BALB/c splenocytes and bone marrow cells are measured. In order to evaluate the Hemopoietic effects, Thymidine uptakes and secretion of colony stimulating factors(CSFs) of splenocytes and myelocytes treated with herbs were measured. Radioprotective effects were accessed by the method of immunocompetence of murine lymphocytes cultured with herbs before irradiation and with LPS, ConA after irradiation. The results are as follows. 1. The orders of Proliferative effects of herbs on splenocytes were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸). Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), the lowest of all. At Optimal concentration, the proliferation ratios of herb-treated splenocytes compared to non-treated ones were like these. Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 44.3, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 17.7, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 10, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 6.4, Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) 2.0.(p<0.05) 2. When splenocytes were cultured during different periods, Atractylodes. macrocephala Loidz (白朮) and Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) showed the higest proliferation on 3th day, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) on 4th day,(p<0.05) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) until 5th day but with no significant increase. 3. The orders of Proliferative effects of herbs on Bone Marrow(BM) cells were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus memhranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) and Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), the lowest of all too. At Optimal concentration, the proliferation ratios of herb-treated BM cells compared to non-treated ones were like these. Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 21.7, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 9.9, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 4.9, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 2.3, Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) 1.4(p<0.05). 4. The secretion ratio of colony stimulating factors(CSFs) of each herb-treated group, compared to control, was Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮) 9.4, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) 9.0, Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸) 4.4, Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) 3.8 (p<0.05) but no significant increase in Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子). 5. The mitogen(ConA, LPS) stimulated-lymphocytes cultured with each herb before irradiation of 1-3 Gy showed more enhanced proliferation than control(p<0.05). When compared to each non-irradiated group of all groups, the orders of percentage increase of irradiated group were Atractylodes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), the higest of all, Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?), Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子). Each percentage showed significant enhancement compared to control group(p<0.05). According to the results, Atractylcdes macrocephala Loidz (白朮), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge (黃?) are suggested to be the most effective hemopoietic and radioprotective herbs, and Angelica sinensis(Oliv) Kiels (當歸), Lycium chinense Mill (枸杞子) the next, but Ligustrum lucidum Ait (女貞子) showed lower effects than expected.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.408-419
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• 2016

Background: In recent years, adjuvants have received increasing attention owing to the development of purified subunit and synthetic vaccines which are poor immunogens and require additional adjuvants to evoke an immune response. Therefore, immunologic adjuvants have been developed and tested. Plant polysaccharides have been recognized as effective biological response modifiers with low toxicity. Methods and Results: In this study, the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge containing immunomodulating arabino-3,6-galactan was evaluated for its hemolytic activity and adjuvant potential in the specific cellular and humoral immune responses to ovalbumin. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge was co-immunized with the purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi vaccine in mice. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge did not induce any hemolytic activity or side effects at doses up to $500{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The concanavalin A-, lipopolysaccharide-, and ovalbumin-induced splenocyte proliferation and serum ovalbumin-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in immunized mice were significantly enhanced by AMA. Pharmacological data revealed that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge increased antigen-specific antibody levels in immunized mice. The polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge-adjuvanted purified Vi capsular polysaccharide of Salmonella typhi vaccine improved the proliferation of splenocytes and macrophages as well as stimulated cytokine production. Conclusions: These results suggest that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge-adjuvanted vaccines enhanced humoral and cellular immunity and that the polysaccharide from the aboveground part of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge is a safe and efficacious adjuvant candidate suitable for use in prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines.

• 생약학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.75-79
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• 1997

Two compounds were isolated from roots of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. On the basis of chemical spectro scopic evidence, they were identified as Formononetin (compound E) and Linoleic acid (9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid) (compound F). Linoleic acid (9Z,12Z-Octadecadienoic acid) was reported the first time from the genus Astragalus.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.207-210
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• 1963

"Astragalus Membranaceus Bunge", which is a medical herb, grows wild in Manchuria and Korea, is cultivated today in Korea. Any literature about the organic components of "Astragalus Membranaceus Bunge" has been extracted with methanol referring to a literature of "Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer" and two kinds of colorless crystals were obtained. After recrystallization in absolute alcohol, the melting point has been measured. The one kind was $181-182^{\circ}C$ and the others, $184-186{\circ}C$ respectively. It does not contain nitrogen, sulfur and halogen. By Liebermann's reaction, the one kind was not a carbohydrate but might be a Saponin. Through paper chromatography, taste, melting point, spectrophotometry, and elemental analysis, it was concluded that the other was Sucrose. It has been notified that the compound can be crystallized at the proper temperature, purity, and concentration of the solution and also solvent system.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권12호
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• pp.1793-1796
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• 2011

기원식물별, 재배연수별 황기 에탄올 추출물의 항산화활성 및 NO 생성능을 측정한 결과, 총 폴리페놀 함량은 몽고황기 2년근, 4년근 및 6년근이 각각 45.3 mg/g, 71.3 mg/g 및 78.0 mg/g으로 황기에 비해 더 많은 양이 함유되어 있었으며, 총 플라보노이드 함량 또한 총 폴리페놀 함량과 마찬가지로 몽고황기가 더 많은 양의 총 플라보노이드를 함유하고 있었다. 기원식물별 추출물의 항산화활성 측정 결과, 황기에 비해 몽고황기의 DPPH radical 소거활성이 높았으며, 재배 연수별로는 몽고황기 4년근이 가장 활성이 높았고($IC_{50}$=3.54 mg/mL), 기원식물별 $ABTS^+$ radical 소거활성은 2년근을 제외한 4년근 및 6년근에서는 몽고황기의 $ABTS^+$ radical 소거활성이 높았다. 기원식물에 따른 NO 생성능은 재배기간이 동일한 경우 황기에 비해 몽고황기에서 NO 생성능이 더 높았다. 몽고황기는 모든 연근에서 무처리구에 비해 NO 생성량이 많았으며 특히, 6년근 에탄올 추출물의 NO 생성능이 2년근 및 4년근에 비해 높았으나, 황기는 재배연수에 따른 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 1996

The roots of Korean Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. (Leguminosae), Astragali Radix, were extracted following general methods. During these extractions, first of all, 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid diisononylester(compound A), ${\beta}-sitosterol(compound\;B)$, $3-0-{\beta}-D-galactopyranosyl-{\beta}-sitosterol(compound\;C)$ and $stigmast-4-en-6{\beta}-ol-3-one(compound\;D)$ were isolated. Three of these compounds were identified the first time isolation from the genus of Astragalus.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.250-254
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• 2006

황기속 식물 3종 (황기, 제주황기, A. mongholicus)을 대상으로 핵형 분석과 45S와 5S rDNA를 이용한 bicolor-FISH를 수행하였다. 체세포 염색체 수는 모두 2n=2x=16으로 관찰되었고, 염색체의 평균 길이는 $2.19{\sim}5.73\;{\mu}m$이였다. 황기의 염색체는 4쌍의 중부염색체 (염색체 3, 5, 6, 7)와, 차중부 염색체 (염색체 1, 2, 4, 8)로 구분되었다. 제주황기는 2쌍의 중부 염색체 (염색체 4, 8)와 6쌍의 차중부 염색체 (염색체 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7)로 A. mongholicus는 2쌍의 중부 염색체 (염색체 7, 8)와 6쌍의 차중부 염색체 (염색체 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)로 각각 구분되었다. bicolor-FISH 기법을 이용하여 45S와 5S rDNA의 염색체상의 위치를 확인한 결과, 황기와 A. mongholicus에서는 1쌍의 45S와 5S rDNA가 8번과 7번 염색체의 동원체 부위에서 각각 관찰되었다. 제주황기의 경우 1쌍의 45S rDNA는 8번 염색체의 동원체 부위와 2쌍의 5D rDNA는 7번과 8번 염색체에서 각각 관찰되어 세포유전학적 차이를 보였다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.380-384
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• 2014

Inhibition effects of peptide hydrolysates from Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. on the expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in human dermal fibroblasts were evaluated in vitro. Crude peptides were obtained by the hydrolysis of proteins extracted from A. membranaceus. Peptides were purified partially by the basis on the molecular weight using 40% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis before treatment with human dermal fibroblasts. Basis on the doseeffect experiments, expressions of MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-13 in human dermal fibroblasts were evaluated. Expressions of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-8 and MMP-13 were reduced in 43%, 5%, 22% and 57% respectively. The mass spectrometric analysis of partially purified peptides from A. membranaceus, which strongly inhibit expressions of MMPs, indicated that the peptides were composed of molecules below 1500 Da.