• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 1999

Purpose : The importance of meniscal repair is well recognized. But transeciton of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibial attachment is rarely documented and known irreparable. We experienced 9 cases of transection, and present clinical features and pull out suture technique. Methods and Materials : There were 9cases of transection of the posterior horn of medial meniscus from September 1998 to July 1999 in our hospital. Age was 59.3 years in average and ranged from 38 to 70years. Clinical features and MRI made diagnosis in all cases. We confirmed the diagnosis with arthroscopy and repaired the transection with pullout suture technique. Clinical features : Transection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibia attachment occurred frequently in middle aged people. They complained posterior knee pain, but they have no history of definitive trauma. Characteristically they had difficulty in full flexion of the knee and in having a squatting position. MRI is very important in diagnosis of transection, especially in coronal view, there is separation of the posterior horn of the meniscus from the posterior tibial attachment. Surgical technique : Pullout suture technique includes debridement of fibrous or scar tissue, exposure of the subchondral bone of the posterior tibial attachment site, suture the transected end of the meniscus with PDS suture, bone tunnel formation from the anteromedial aspect of the proximal tibia, insertion of wire loop through the tibia tunnel, pull the PDS suture through the tibia tunnel out of the joint and stabilize the PDS with post-tie technique to the proximal tibia. Conclusion : Transection of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus at the posterior tibial attachment is not common clinically and rarely documented. Clinical features and MRI are very important in diagnosis of this type tear. Arthroscopic pullout sutures is useful for treatment of this type tear of the meniscus.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to evaluate propriety of using SID 180cm at Chest PA examination and to find effect of geometrical cause to the image. XGEO-GC80, INNOVISION-SH, CXDI-40EG detector and a chest phantom designed self-production was used for this study. Images were acquired at SID 180cm with changing the factor OID as 0, 75 and 83mm and were analyzed by Centricity Radiography RA1000 PACS system. Statistical program was used the SPSS (Version 22.0, SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA), p-value(under 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant. In OID 0 mm was enlarged about 2.7~3.5 mm than the actual degree of the HS, BS of phantom in all equipments. Compared with the calculated magnification has been expanded 1.6~2.8% when viewed. The OID 75 mm with OID 83 mm was extended from the CS and BS 6~8 mm range. Compared to the calculated values, the measured values are expanded from 6.1 to 7.9%. CS and BS according to the OID change showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among each group, the post-analysis only OID 0 mm group appeared as an independent group, 75 mm and 83 mm are separated in the same group It was. But had no statistically significant difference could change depending on the OID (p>0.05), post-mortem analysis showed, both in the same group. Heart sizes appears larger than actual size 6~8 mm at chest PA examination which is enlarged 6.1~7.9% more than the actual theoretical value. We can find magnification of the image because of the increase of the OID due to technical limitations between cover of standing detector and the image plate. so we suggest to have occurred between them when considering the need to adjust the equipment installed by the SID to match the characteristics of the equipment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

Purpose : This study was done to analyze prognostic factors and patterns of failure of patients with histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Materials and Methods : From June 1988 to December 1990, a retrospective analysis was undertaken for 45 patients who were treated with curative radiation therapy for adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix at the department of Therapeutic Radiology of Keimyung University Hospital. According to FIGO staging classification, f2 patients were stage Ib, 9 patients were lla, 19 patients were IIB, and 5 patients were lIIb. Median age of the patients was 54 years. The radiation therapy consisted of a combination of external and intracavitary irradiation. Only the pelvis was treated for external irradiation, but 6 patients were treated with extended field irradiation including paraaortic nodes. Intracavitary irradiation was performed with high dose rate sources (Co-60). Neoadiuvant chemotherapy was undertaken for 10 patients. Median and maximum follow-up duration was 64 and 116 months, respectively. Results : The overall 5-year survival rate was 55.2$\%$, and the 5-year survival rates for stage Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIb were 100$\%$, 50.8$\%$, 46.8$\%$, and 40$\%$ (3-year survival rate), respectively. Of the many clinicopathologic variables evaluated for prognosis, only the stage and the tumor size were significant prognostic factors. Statistically, pelvic failure rates for stage Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIb were 0$\%$, 33.3$\%$, 57.9$\%$, and 60$\%$, respectively. Distant metastasis rates were 0$\%$, 33.3$\%$, 21.1$\%$, and 40$\%$ for stage Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIb, respectively. Especially the 6 patients who were irradiated with extended field to treat the paraaortic nodes were free of distant metastasis all. But, 9 patients (23.1$\%$) of the 39 patients who were not irradiated the paraaortic nodes were suffered and expired from uncontrolled distant metastasis. Conclusions : As compared with other studies, the survival rates were similar, but distant metastasis rates including paraaortic nodes metastasis were likely somewhat higher than expected, especially for patients with stage II. So, we think that the effect of prophylactic paraaortic nodes irradiation should be studied prospectively, especially for patients with pelvic nodes involvement or advanced stage of disease.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.234-243
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• 2017

Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the diabetes education program implemented in a community hypertension and diabetes education center. Methods: Participants were thirty nine diabetic patients who received the education program in the center from May 2014 through May 2015. The education program consisted of two sessions for 2 days (45 minutes per session) regarding clinical information, nutrition and exercise for type 2 diabetes patients. Initially, they were assessed for general characteristics, knowledge on diabetes, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors. Reassessment was performed on their knowledge and self-efficacy directly after the program, and on self-care behaviors at 12 weeks after the program. Results: The mean score of diabetes knowledge was significantly increased from $5.27{\pm}2.10$ to $8.21{\pm}1.20$ (p<0.001) between before and after the program. The self-efficacy score was also significantly increased from $6.88{\pm}1.72$ to $8.16{\pm}1.47$ (p<0.001). The self-care behavior score was significantly increased from $3.59{\pm}1.89$ before the program to $4.35{\pm}1.29$ (p<0.001) at 12 weeks after the program. Conclusion: The diabetes education program may be effective on the improvement of knowledge, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.173-178
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• 2016

This study is to evaluate the effect of a Contrast Media (CM) on dose calculations and clinical significance in Radiation (Electromagnetic wave) Therapy (RT) plans for head & neck (H&N) and prostate cancer. Pinnacle 8.0 system was used to measure the change of Electron Density (ED) of the tissue for CM. To determine the effect of dose calculation due to CM, we did the RT planning for 30 patients. To compare the ED and dose calculations of RT plans, 3D CRT and IMRT plans were do with pinnacle and Tomotherapy planning system. Mean difference of ED between enhanced and unenhanced CT was less than 4%: H&N Target Volume (TV) 2.1%, parotid 1.9%, SMG 3.6%, tongue 0.9%, spinal cord 0.3%, esophagus 2.6%, mandible 0.1% and prostate TV 0.7%, lymph node 1.1%, bladder 1.2%, rectum 1.5%, small bowel 1.2%, colon 0.6%, penile bulb 0.8%, femoral head -0.2%. The dose difference between RT plan using CM and without CM showed an increase of dose in TV. The rate of increase was less than 2.5% (3D CRT: H&N 0.69~2.51%, prostate 0.04~1.14%, IMRT: H&N 0.58~1.31%, prostate 0.36~1.04%). RT plans using a CM has the insignificant effect on the organs and TV, so this error is allowable clinically. However, the much more accurate plan is possible as to image fusion (CM and without CM images) to ROI contour and when dose calculation, use the without CM image. Using the fusion of 'ROI import' perform calculations on without CM, it will be able to reduce the error (1~3%) caused by the CM.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2012

The dose re-calculation process using Megavoltage cone-beam CT images is inevitable process to perform the Adaptive Radiation Therapy (ART). The purpose of this study is to improve dose re-calculation accuracy using MVCBCT images by applying intensity calibration method and three dimensional rigid body transform and filtering process. The three dimensional rigid body transform and Gaussian smoothing filtering process to MVCBCT Rando phantom images was applied to reduce image orientation error and the noise of the MVCBCT images. Then, to obtain the predefined modification level for intensity calibration, the cheese phantom images from kilo-voltage CT (kV CT), MVCBCT was acquired. From these cheese phantom images, the calibration table for MVCBCT images was defined from the relationship between Hounsfield Units (HUs) of kV CT and MVCBCT images at the same electron density plugs. The intensity of MVCBCT images from Rando phantom was calibrated using the predefined modification level as discussed above to have the intensity of the kV CT images to make the two images have the same intensity range as if they were obtained from the same modality. Finally, the dose calculation using kV CT, MVCBCT with/without intensity calibration was applied using radiation treatment planning system. As a result, the percentage difference of dose distributions between dose calculation based on kVCT and MVCBCT with intensity calibration was reduced comparing to the percentage difference of dose distribution between dose calculation based on kVCT and MVCBCT without intensity calibration. For head and neck, lung images, the percentage difference between kV CT and non-calibrated MVCBCT images was 1.08%, 2.44%, respectively. In summary, our method has quantitatively improved the accuracy of dose calculation and could be a useful solution to enhance the dose calculation accuracy using MVCBCT images.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.177-190
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• 1999

This study has been conducted on the basis of the literature review of Nursing Education Research in China from 1990 through August 1998. Its purpose was to support the basic data of nursing education which is risen as major revolutionary of nursing in China and those for exchange of information between Korea-China nursing education. It is retrospective and descriptive research analyzing one hundred eighty articles published in The Journal of China Nursing. The results of the study were as follows. 1. Only 33.3% of the professors of Technical Nursing School who have played of major role of nursing education in China have carried out the study related to nursing education. Baccalaureate program professors have marked 22.2% of all studies, and diploma program professors have done 12.2% of all. Therefore, the professors of above the diploma program have done total 44.4%. It explains that the professors of baccalaureate and diploma programs have done more studies related to nursing education than those of Technical Nursing School. 2. In terms of the study design, most of the studies(38.8%) were case studies introducing the curriculum contents that were done at education institutions. And then, 28.5% were reviewing the articles, and 15.6% were descriptive studies. 3. In terms of the content of the study, 38.3% were relevant to education of Technical Nursing School, 15.0% were about baccalaureate education, and 10.4% is about diploma. 4. To analyze the specific contents of the studies ; a. In baccalaureate program, human resources (professor or teaching), course extension, lab, classes, teaching method, education philosophy, goal of education, evaluation method, and human resource development were included. b. In diploma program, teaching contents evaluation method, teaching method, and educational system were included c. In the technical school, there were qualification of professors , teaching method, evaluation method, opening the courses, teaching contents, goal of education and so on. d. Beyond these, there were practice guidance and appraisement, teaching method, and opening new courses which were not specially indicated as educational curriculum and score management as continuing education. What is above tell us that the study regarding development of university system has been progressed actively and widely. It has been for the effort of revolution which based on the China government force to reform of nursing education process during last 10 years. On the base of the result, we suggest the following questions and the alternatives. 1) Since most articles are case studies related to teaching methods and the others doesn't propose the research method. the study which is applied more exact research method is needed. 2) No study is regarding social change and health policy. Because University program, founded in 1983 is on the beginning point, the research about curriculum have to be taken as a top priority as well as to reflect social needs which are based on social changes and national health policy 3) Only one review article study tells nursing Human resource. To appear in large numbers in nursing manpower, avoid the present hospital nurses training system. Then, the study for manpower development which is able to accomplish in many fields has to be advanced. 4) Most studies did not have literature review processes, so it was impossible for researcher to know the past study tendency and there is no relation among studies as to same subject, the education about research method is needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2007

Purpose: Obesity has recently emerged as a significant health problem in the pediatric population, and the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing in tandem with a significant rise in childhood obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to clarify the risk factors of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in obese children. Methods: We enrolled 84 obese children who visited the pediatric obesity clinic at Yeung-Nam university hospital. The patients were divided into two groups based on their alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (separated at 40 IU/L), and the mean of ages, total cholesterol levels, HDL-cholesterol levels, LDL-cholesterol levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, as well as the mean obesity index, and body fat percentage of the two groups were then compared. Results: When the mean of ages ($10.5{\pm}1.6$ vs. $10.7{\pm}2.0$ years), total cholesterol levels ($183.0{\pm}29.1$ vs. $183.7{\pm}31.3$ mg/dL), HDL-cholesterol levels ($53.0{\pm}10.2$ vs. $55.7{\pm}13.0$ mg/dL), LDL-cholesterol levels ($113.4{\pm}30.2$ vs. $113.0{\pm}30.0$ mg/dL), triglyceride levels ($99.4{\pm}62.9$ vs. $114.2{\pm}47.3$ mg/dL), obesity indexes ($44.7{\pm}12.2$ vs. $47.9{\pm}15.1%$), and body fat percentages ($32.7{\pm}5.0$ vs. $34.0{\pm}4.8%$) of group 1 (ALT${\leq}$40 IU/L) were compared with those of group 2 (ALT${\geq}$41 IU/L), no significant differences were observed (p>0.05). However, hypertriglyceridemia (TG${\geq}$110 mg/dL) was more frequent in group 2 than in group 1 (p=0.023). Conclusion: TG may be an important risk factor in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and further study regarding the risk factors in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is required.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1984

The differential diagnosis of atypical mycobacteriosis caused by atypical mycobacteria (with the exception of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium leprae) which are widly distributed in soil and water, from pulmonary tuberculosis is possible only when atypical mycobacteria are isolated and identified. In this investigation, attempts were made to isolate atypical mycobacteria from persons registered as tuberculosis patients in the Anyang Health Center in Anyang City, Kyungki province, Korea. Biological and biochemical tests were performed for the atypical mycobacteria isolated from these patients, also retrospective analysis of clinical and X-ray findings of the patients with bacteriologically confirmed atypical mycobacteriosis were done. The results can be summarized as follows: 1. 103 strains of mycobacteria were isolated among 334 sputum samples from patients. 2. Among the isolated mycobacteria, 10 strains (9.7%) were found to be a atypical mycobacteria and 93 strains (90.3%) were tubercle bacilli of human type. 3. On the basis of Runyon's grouping of atypical mycobacteria, there were 3 strains (30.0 %) of scotochromogen and nonphotochromogen respectively, 4 strains (40.0%) of rapid grower, and no photochromogen. 4. By biochemical tests, 3 strains of scotochromogen were identified as Mycobacterium scrofulaceum (2 strains) and Mycobacterium szulgai (1 strain) 3 strains of nonphotochromogen were Mycobacterium avium-complex (2 strains) and Mycobacterium terriae (1 strain), and 4 strains of rapid grower were Mycobacterium fortuitum (3 strains) and Mycobacterium chelonei. 5. In drug sensitivity tests, all 10 strains isolated atypical mycobacteria showed resistance to various concentration of INH and SM and low concentration (10mcg, 40mcg and 50mcg) of EB, TH, and CS, and were sensitive to only high concentration (20mcg and 100mcg) of EB, TH, CS, and RFP. 6. In analysis of clical findings by the patients with bacteriologically confirmed atypical mycobacteriosis, it was found that clinical symptoms of these patients appeared not to be mild than those of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. The patients with atypical mycobacteriosis had been treated for pulmonary tuberculosis for a long time and they showed no improvement.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2008

Purpose: Interferon is a widely used treatment for chronic hepatitis B in children. However, additional treatment options are needed because more than 50% of hepatitis B patients are unresponsive to interferon. Although lamivudine is widely used to treat hepatitis B, there are few studies on the effect of lamivudine in hepatitis B patients unresponsive to interferon. Methods: Eight interferon unresponsive patients (6 males and 2 females) were treated with lamivudine (3 mg/kg/day, maximum 100 mg/day) from 6~12 months after interferon treatment was discontinued among 33 children with chronic hepatitis B. They were treated with interferon (interferon ${\alpha}$-2b, 10 MU/$m^2$ or pegylated interferon $1.5{\mu}g/kg$) for 6 months from January 2000 to December 2007 at the Pusan National University Hospital. The medical records were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The age at treatment with interferon and lamivudine was 4.9${\pm}$3.1 and 6.1${\pm}$3.2 years, respectively. The serum ALT level before treatment with interferon was 148.1${\pm}$105.8 IU/L and the log HBV-DNA PCR mean value was 6.95${\pm}$0.70 copies/mL. The serum ALT level after treatment with interferon was 143.1${\pm}$90.4 IU/L and the log HBV-DNA mean PCR value was 6.46${\pm}$2.08. HBeAg negativization occurred in 2 patients. For all patients, normalization of the serum ALT levels and HBeAg seroconversion (except 2 patients with HBeAg negativization) occurred at 7.4${\pm}$2.1 and 7.9${\pm}$2.1 months respectively after lamivudine treatment. The HBV-DNA PCR became negative in 7 patients (87.5%) at 2.4${\pm}$2.8 months. Complete response was achieved in 7 patients and no recurrence was observed in 2 patients for 3 years after the completion of treatment. Five patients are still under treatment for a mean treatment duration of 24.4${\pm}$9.1 months. In one patient, viral breakthrough occurred and the treatment was stopped. Conclusion: The number of patients was small, however, lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B who were unresponsive to interferon was highly effective.