• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.73-80
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to suggest that dwelling site planning of residential improvement district is to make in the point of sustainable improvement. The methods of this study are as follow, first, introduce the concept of sustainable improvement and research possibility of adaption of the concept. second, make a survey of the Nanminchon II District in Jeonju as a sample of residential improvement district and make a comparative study of the before and after the development. third, research adaptable elements of sustainable residence concept to Nanminchon II District to dwelling site planning. Progress and result of residential improvement district affects dweller to character of place and habitation and will gain summits of architecture.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to clarify the optimum locational environment of Neolithic Age and Bronze Age dwelling sites in Yeongjong-do, Incheon in terms of geographical characteristics. To make this possible, the micro-landform location environment of individual dwelling sites has been analyzed targeting 145 dwelling sites of Neolithic Age and 47 dwelling sites of Bronze Age in which quantitative analysis is possible among the dwelling sites verified in the investigation area until now. As a result, the micro-landform of hills where Neolithic Age and Bronze Age dwelling sites are crowded the most has been determined as the upper side hollow (64 dwelling sites, 44.1%) and the crest slope (39 dwelling sites, 83%), respectively. This means that the optimum locational environment of dwelling sites has been changed as the times have progressed from Neolithic Age to Bronze Age in the investigation area and the location of micro-landform of hills also where dwelling sites are located also has relatively moved up a little seen in terms of geographical perspective.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.101-122
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• 1994

This paper is one of the sequels from 'A Survey of Villages and Dwellings of Korean Immigrants in the North-Eastern Part of China'. It is the result of the extensive survey of Ch'ang-ts'ai-tsun village and covers several architectural characteristics of the dwellings. This paper alma to identify the 'double file' dwelling type, which is believed as one of the main stream of Korean folk dwelling. In this type, 'Chung-ju-kan' forms the central open space, where main household functions are carried out. This type originates from climatic reasons and functional reasons as well. This paper also aims to clarify how the dwelling forms are changed according to the life styles of various periods. The Korean immigrants in this village have experienced rapid changes in modern times like other Chinese. Through various political movements, the original dwelling type of this village has changed to adapt various needs and functions, which shows the simple truth : dwelling form changes according to the changes of life style and social structure. In this paper the directions of chimney through various periods are analyzed to verify the differences of the house layout methods and concepts of the time. The village had grown through 3 main periods before liberation period(1946), communization period(1946 - 1966) and contemporary period (1967 - ). It is concluded as follows: 1. The village was originated in late 19th century along the east-west street, which was a major routes of Korean Immigrants to China. In this area there was no regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney, which was usually westward, was not determined according to the location of gate. This type was kept until liberization of this area, 1946. The plans of dwellings followed Ham-kyong-do 'double file' dwelling type, '6-kan dwelling' or '8-kan dwelling'. 2. The 'New Village' area, which was formed in the communization period, has a strict regularity in its site plan. The direction of chimney was determined as opposite direction of the gate. This method was maintained until 1976, when Mao died and new 'open' policy was held by Chinese government. In this area the 'dwelling house' plan type was not changed, but its layout and size were restricted. The general form of the dwelling in this village was shaped in this period. 3. The contemporary dwellings were built in random site location. The dwelling type was changed because of the reduction of family size and the permissin of private ownership. The number of rooms was reduced but the storage rooms and domestic animal hutches were added. But the 'Chung-ju-kan', the major chacteristics of north-eastern Korea dwelling is still kept. It becomes one large 'Chtin-ju-kan' room like 'open plan' type.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to identify the environment of optimal location of the dwelling (hereafter referred as dwelling site) in the Neolithic Age found in Unseo-dong relics group, Yeongjong-do, Incheon from the geographical and geomorphological perspectives. For this purpose, micro-landform, altitude, gradient, distance from the river of water available for use and the difference between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use based on change of dwelling site over periods were analyzed targeting ground surface of hills where individual dwelling sites (a total of 68 sites) discovered in investigation area so far. As a result, it was shown that the Upper sideslope were selected as the primary dwelling location standard in investigation area where the Neolithic people lived upon selecting the dwelling site (or settlement). In addition, the ground surface of dwelling site had the altitude of 21-31m and slope of $5-10^{\circ}$ (gentle slope) as the secondary and it had distance of 514-549m from the river of water available for use and difference of 11-23m between the highest altitude and lowest altitude of river bed of water available for use. Thus, it was shown that the space to get water relatively easy from two places at the same time was the secondary dwelling location standard.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.69
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• pp.5-40
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• 2007

The research against Youngdong area Bronze Age settlement structure the condition where the investigation against the area and the remains which are limited becomes accomplished and Only the dwelling site will be investigated from the early settlement of most and recognition there is not a possibility which it will investigate synthetically. The Early settlement to the time which reaches the size of the settlement is small and From Bangnae-ri phases the house possession area increases inside the hill and it follows on south and if dwelling site numbers under increasing, from the aspect where the size of the settlement is magnified seems and it is a position. The Middle settlement currently was confirmed as the beginning from the room village A ruins, it investigates a settlement structure to, the increase of data is necessary. Is Pottery with clay stripes, phases the Later Settlement which Dwelling site, Storeage, Earthenware Kiln, Ditch enclosure and Tomb, the Public dwelling site back large scale Pottery with clay stripes settlement of formation will be investigated from Bangdong-ri settlements which correspond to Songhyun-ri settlement which is a hill characteristic settlement which is located in rivers circumference and the higShland characteristic settlement to provide the data the cultural aspect and character and a settlement structure of Bronze Age postscript and it will be able to grasp.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2003

The purpose of this research is to document and analyse spatial transformation of an unauthorized dwelling units on a peculiar site of Seoul. It's physically attached to the behind part of the west boundary wall of Chang-Duk Palace. These dwelling units took not only the site, the narrow street which had been a stream, but also the two parallel walls of others for their home. The two walls, one from the palace wall and the other from the wall of a house which distanced itself from the palace wall about 3.5 m for the reason of the Cultural Properties Protection Law, have been held as the main structural members in forming the shelter. With examining the realm of time which provide the base of the spatial realm, this research shows how the multiple linkages tangled in an illegal shack did gain and actualize an architectural language of idiosyncrasy with spontaneous order inherent in inhabitants.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.26-47
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• 2009

This study examined dwelling site from among the sites of the Neolithic age found in the Asan Bay(牙山灣) area, and the temporal-spatial location and meaning of the dwelling site (settlement). The majority of the settlements in the area are of a square style but some coexist with rectangular-style settlements, which is noteworthy. The dwelling sites of the Neolithic age found in Asan Bay area are mostly located in a ridge of hilly areas, divided into gentle, low areas (20~50 meters above sea level) and relatively high areas (50~80 meters above the sea level). Although location strongly corresponded to the residents' subsistence and the technical levels within the culture, it likely was greatly affected by natural environment where they lived, as well. In examining radiocarbon dating results and the excavated artifacts, the settlements found in Asan Bay were determined to belong to the period II(3,500~3,000 B.C.) stated in the Relative Chronological table of Dwelling sites in the Neolithic age, written by the author. Said Dwelling sites are proven to have a close relationship with those found on the coast of Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) and in the Geum River(錦江) valley. This is deemed to be the result of expansion and interchange between Gyeonggi Province(京畿道) group and Geum River(錦江) valley group, who constituted the large settlements. Additionally, the Daecheon-ri type dwelling sites in the Geum River valley were verified to be the result of exchange, and spread to the Asan Bay area in the same era. Two forms of Dwelling sites coexisted dynamically in the Asan Bay area around 3,500 B.C. Such a phenomenon resulted primarily from the expansion of the dwelling site due to the introduction of primitive agriculture, as well as environmental (temperature), biological and social changes at those times.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

The comparative analysis on physico-chemical characteristics of municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site were performed to provide the fundamental information of waste management in Chungju city. It was analysed and evaluated the bulk density, physical component, three major component, chemical component, and heating value of MSW. The physical components depended on the sampling site in dwelling site and landfill site. But, by the ultimate analysis, the chemical composition was almost similar to result for municipal solid waste from dwelling site and landfill site. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the physical components according to sampling site for the MBT to introduce for combustible municipal solid waste pre-treatment, but it needs the chemical composition from landfill site to design the incinerator. The physical composition showed that the combustible and the noncombustible occupied 87.4% and 12.6% respectively. In case of three component analysis, the moisture, the combustible, and the ash were 27.6, 60.5, 11.9% respectively. The chemical composition through the element analysis were C (50.1%), H (6%), O (39.5%), N (1.9%), S (0.5%), and Cl (1.3%).

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.6 s.59
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• pp.172-177
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• 2006

Most of the Korean multi-dwelling houses have less than 20 years of lifespan. Because the environmental issues such as energy consumption, limited resources, and demolition waste problems became been more and more critical, we now need to focus on long lasting and adaptable buildings. Korean wall bearing apartment buildings are constructed with site cast concrete for core, exterior, and interior together with pipes varied, so when the buildings are old and life style of the users changes, it is difficult to maintain and renovate these buildings. In this study, to resolve the problems described above, two types of Korean long life multi-dwelling housing models which represent improved durability and adaptability responding user's needs and life style changes were proposed with various methods as follows: Either column and beam structure or flat slab structure was used to utilize space better. To make maintenance easier and renovation economical for both public space and each unit, plumbing pipes, ducts, and conduits were clustered at the cores and public corridors with access doors and light weight partitions with steel studs and raised floors or above-ceiling spaces were used in lieu of site cast concrete walls and floor slabs with varied pipes.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.175-190
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• 1998

The formation of Chinese Town in Malacca of Malaysia and Singapore would explain that Chinese gradually played an important role of commerce and urban service according to the Western European advance to southeast Asia and the construction of colonial cities from the 16th century to 19th and massed residence in many cites of southeast Asia. Chinese was usually separated from the Western European by western colonial policy and city planning. Common architectural characteristics in Chinese towns of Malaysia can refer to the transmission of the Chinese architectural material, the combination of dwelling and commerce in a house and the space organization centered on a court or an air well in the narrow and long site, lying adjacent to street etc. The Chinese dwellings in Malaysia rooted with Chinese settlement in southeast Asia. The Chinese dwellings was not always a shop on 1th floor and a dwelling on 2nd floor before the 19th century. But as Chinese immigration and commercial activity progressed in earnest in the early of 19th century, the row house of Chinese for dwelling was autonomously changed to two functional shophouse for dwelling and commerce. Chinese row house can refer to the use of Malay regional material, change of symmetrical Chinese traditional housing type by the narrow and long site and the tendency of the eclectic elevation of Western and China. Another architectural characteristics of the shophouse is an appearance of the continuous verandah with a cover regulated by Stamford Raffles in Singapore. This regulation was applied to architecture in Chinese Town as Stamford Raffles constructed Singapore. It was spread to South China reversely and became the regulation of streetscape for the modern city. Shophouse of Chinese towns in Southeast Asia and south China can be understood by context of Chinese immigration, colonialism, housing type of commerce and dwelling and the Western European city planning.