• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2005

Purpose : To examine the relation between male infertility and cold hypersensitivity on lower abdomen. Methods : From 2004, 4 to 2005, 10, a total 60(infertile male 30, normal male on semen analysis 30) patients who visited the Oriental gynecological department of Conmaul Oriental Medicine hospital was selected, and their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. We compared the temperature of 3 points(CV17, CV12, CV4) of both group by DITI(Dorex, DITI-16UTI and DITI-Spectrum 9000 MB). Results and Conclusion : The general characteristics such as age, weight, height, BMI, amount and frequency of drinking and smoking of both group were not different statistically. The mean ${\Delta}T1$ between upper and lower abdomen in infertile group was higer than in normal group but they were not different statistically. The mean ${\Delta}T2$ between chest and lower abdomen was $0.46{\pm}0.41$ in infertile group, and $0.18{\pm}0.56$ in normal group, and it shows significant difference statistically. There was no significant relationship between sperm motility and ${\Delta}T1$, ${\Delta}T2$ in infertile group. In this study, we suggest that an inclination of cold hypersensitivity of lower abdomen of infertile male, but it is expressed when it is contrasted to chest of the body rather than upper abdomen.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Purpose: Although premsnstrual syndromes(PMS) have long been recognized, there has been difficulty to evaluate the symtoms. Usually the questionnaire has been used to dignose the PMS. Objective is to investigate the relationship of body temperature between women with PMS and without PMS. Methods: We studied 23 patients visiting OO hospital from 26th December 2005 to 26th April 2006. The Questionnaire for PMS was used to evaluate physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms accompanying the menstrual cycle of the subjects. The subjects were categorized in two groups, non-PMS(11) and PMS group(12). Body temperature was assessed by Dorex spectrum 9000MB (DOREX Inc., USA). We measured CV4, CV3, CV12 and CV17 to evaluate the distribution of body temperature, compared the difference of temperature(${\Delta}T$) between CV17-CV4, CV17-CV3, CV17-CV12 and CV12-CV3. We investigated the of temperature and ${\Delta}T$ between two groups by Mann-Whitney U-test. Results: The temperature of CV3 and CV4 of PMS located in low abdomen were lower than those of non-PMS located in chest. But there was no statistical significance of temperature between two groups. There was lower temperature of low abdomen in PMS group than non-PMS group without statistical significance. Conclusion: The results suggest that DITI could be useful to assess the PMS objectively. But more research should be needed.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.230-238
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• 1999

This paper describes a research work of developing computer-aided design of lead frame, semiconductor, with blanking operation which is very precise for progressive working. Approach to the system is based on the knowledge-based rules. Knowledge for the system is formulated from plasticity theories, experimental results and the empirical knowledge of field experts. This system has been written in AutoLISP on the AutoCAD using a personal computer and in I-DEAS Drafting Programming Language on the I-DEAS Master Series Drafting with Workstation, HP9000/715(64) and tool kit on the ESPRIT. Transference of data among AutoCAD, I-DEAS Master Series Drafting, and ESPRIT is accomplished by DXF(drawing exchange format) and IGES(initial graphics exchange specification) methods. This system is composed of six modules, which are input and shape treatment, production feasibility check, strip-layout, die-layout, modelling, and post-processor modules. The system can design process planning and Die design considering several factors and generate NC data automatically according to drawings of die-layout module. As forming process of high precision product and die design system using 2-D geometry recognition are integrated with technology of process planning, die design, and CAE analysis, standardization of die part in die design and process planning of high pression product for semiconductor lead frame is possible to set. Results carried out in each module will provide efficiencies to the designer and the manufacturer of lead frame, semiconductor.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1992년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.816-819
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• 1992

Binary compound semiconductor InSb crystal which has direct-transition energy gap (0.17 ev) grown by vertical Bridgman method, then the electric-magnetic and optical properties of InSb crystal were surveyed. The growth rate of the crystals was 1mm/hr and the lattice constant $a_\circ$ of the grown crystal was 6.4863$\AA$. The electrical properties were examined by the Hall effect measurement with the van der Pauw method in the temperature range of 70$\sim$300K, magnetic field range of 500$\sim$10000 gauss. The undoped InSb crystal was n-type, the concentration and the electron mobility were 2$\sim$6 ${\times}$ $10^{16}$$\textrm{cm}^{-3}$ and carrier mobility was 6$\sim$2${\times}$$10^{4}$$cm^{2}$/v.sec at 300K, respectively. The carrier mobility was decreased with $T^{-1/2}$ due to the lattice scattering above 100K, and decreased by impurity scattering below100K. The magnetoresistance was increased 190% at 9000 gauss as compared with non-appliced magnetic field and the magnetoresistance was increased with increasing the magnetic field. Also, the Hall voltage was increased with increasing the magnetic field and decreasing the thickness of sample. The optical energy band gap of InSb at room temperature determined using the IR spectrometer was 0.167eV. The diffusion depth of Zn into InSb proportionally increased with the square root of diffusion time and the activation energy for Zn diffusion was 0.67eV. The temperature dependence of diffusion coefficient was $D=4.25{\times}10^{-3}$exp (-0.67/$K_BT$).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

There are many factors such as airtighteness and high density of merchandises or passengers that contaminate indoor air in underground commercial floor. So it is very important to know air quality and quantity of contamination in underground market increasing in number lately. It was from these viewpoints that gaseous pollutants, dusts and mutagenicity of organic compounds extracted from dusts in an underground market were investigatd. Organic ompounds (tar) were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with benzene as a solvent. Mutagenicities of these extracts were evaluated by the preincubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S9mix. The results obtained were as follows: It seemed to be under the influence of outdoor air that the concentrations of $CO, CO_2, NO, NO_2$ and dusts were higher in winter than summer. The concentration of $CO_2$ was higher in indoor than outdoor, but the concentration of NOx was similar in both sampling areas. Metal contents in dusts attached to the ventilation ducts were as follows showing in order of high concentration : Fe (9000-22000ppm), Zn(1200-2300ppm) and Pb (280-590ppm). The contents of tar were 6-33% of dusts, and higher than those from dusts collected by high volume air sampler. The extracts from dusts attached to the inlet duct exhibited lower mutagenicity than those from dusts attached to the outlet duct. This finding seemed to suggest that mutagenic substances were in creasing in underground. There was no seasonal difference of mutagenicity toward TA 98. Toward TA 100 in the presence of S9mix, the mutagenicity was about 3 fold higher in winter than summer. The mutagenicities of tar extracted from dusts collected by high volume air sampler were different from those attached to the ventilation ducts. The former showed 2-3 fold higher mutagenicity than the latter toward TA 100. However no difference showed between the former and the latter toward TA 98 in the absence of S9mix, but the former was 4-5 fold higher than the latter in the presence of S9mix.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.34-38
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• 1995

Using a 3-D finite element method (FEM), the biomechanical characteristics of a threaded truncated acetabular component and a porous coated hemispherical acetabular component were studied. The Von-Mises stress/strain patterns in the acetabulum reconstructed with these two different types of cementless acetabular cups were investigated. The geometry and dimensions of human hemi-pelvis used in the present shape modeling for finite element analysis were scanned with a 3-D laser scanner(TDS-9000, Cyberware, USA). The scanned data was numerically handled with a shape modelling software 'Pro-Engineer'. Using 19836, 16853 tetrahedral elements, respectively, the stress and displacement field of the acetabulum reconstructed with the two different types of the acetabular components were computed. While the hemi-sphere component was found to show a relatively similar stress/strain patterns to those in the normal hip, the results with the threaded cup showed a considerably different patterns from those in the normal condition. Several regions in cancellous bone near the threads and the edge of the truncated cup was found to be overstressed, especially in the superior-lateral part of the acetabulum. It was postulated that the excessive reaming-out of subchondral bone layer when the truncated cup was used can cause the presence of these overstressed regions of cancellous bone. This theoretical prediction for the implanted acetabulum appeared to consistent with the pathological observation of proximal/medial migration of the threaded truncated acetabular prostheses in the previous publications.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.389-394
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• 1994

8 X 10$^{6}$(viable cells/ml) of maximum cell density and 9000(IU/ml) of $\gamma$-IFN production were obtained at 55(ml/hr) of a perfusion rate by cultivating HSF cells using a moving membrane aeration bioreactor. This system proves to be an efficient culture process by maintaning 90% of viable cells during the whole cultivation periods. The metabolic molar quotient of glucose to lactate was 0.81 for overall ranges of glucose consumed while the evolution of ammonia was not linearly related to the consumption of glutamine. Low molar conversion ratio was observed in low consumptions of glutamine and high molar conversion ratio in high comsumptions. It also shows that the glutamolysis plays important role in the steady state conditions by evolving larger quantities of ammonia than lactate. At the above of 50 rpm, which is the optimum agitation speed for this bioreactor, the cell growth was severely affected while the IFN production was less decrea- sed, maintaing 1.5 X 10$^{-3}$(IU/cell/day) specific IFN production rate. The cumulatvie $\gamma$-IFN production was 7.2 X 10$^{8}$(IU) for 70 days of the cultivation, which yields 1 X 10$^{7}$ (IU/day) of IFN production rate. Therefore, a commercial production of $\gamma$-IFN by this culture process can be achievable by maintaining the above IFN productivity in a scaled-up culture system.

• 천문학회보
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.44.1-44.1
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• 2018

We present a spectroscopic study of the Galactic supernova remnant (SNR) Cygnus Loop using the fifth Data Release (DR5) of LAMOST. The LAMOST (Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope) features both a large field-of-view (about 20 deg2) and a large aperture (~4 m in diameter), which allow us to obtain 4000 spectra simultaneously. Its wavelength coverage ranges from ${\sim}3700{\AA}$ to $9000{\AA}$ with a spectral resolution of $R{\approx}1800$. The Cygnus Loop is a prototype of middle-aged SNRs, which has advantages of being bright, large in angular size (${\sim}3.8^{\circ}{\times}3^{\circ}$), and relatively unobscured by dust. Along the line of sight of the Cygnus Loop, 2747 LAMOST DR5 spectra are found in total, which are spatially distributed over the entire remnant. Among them, 778 spectra are selected based on the presence of emission lines (i.e., [O III]${\lambda}5007$, Ha, and [S II]${\lambda}{\lambda}$ 6717, 6731) for further visual inspection. About half of them (336 spectra) show clear spectral features to confirm their association with the remnant, 370 spectra show stellar features only, and 72 spectra are ambiguous and need further investigation. For those associated with the remnant, we identify emission lines and measure their intensities. Spectral properties considerably vary within the remnant, and we compare them with theoretical models to derive physical properties of the SNR such as electron density and temperature, and shock velocity. While some line ratios are in good agreement with model prediction, others cannot be explained by simple shock models with a range of shock velocities. We discuss these discrepancies between model predictions and the observations and finally highlight the powerfulness of the LAMOST data to investigate spatial variations of physical properties of the Cygnus Loop.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2007

Purpose: To assess bone changes of mandibular condyle using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Materials and Methods: 314 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) images of 163 TMD patients were examined at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Chonbuk National University. The images were obtained by PSR9000N (Asahi Roentgen Co., Japan) and reconstructed by using Asahivision software (Asahi Roentgen Co., Japan). The CBCT images were examined three times with four weeks interval by three radiologists. Bone changes of mandibular condyle such as flattening, sclerosis, erosion and osteophyte formation were observed in sagittal, axial, coronal and 3 dimensional images of the mandibular condyle. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 12.0. Intra- and interobserver agreement were performed by 3 radiologists without the knowledge of clinical information. Results: Osteophyte (2.9%) was found more frequently on anterior surface of the mandibular condyle. Erosion (31.8%) was found more frequently on anterior and medial surfaces of the mandibular condyle. The intraobserver agreement was good to excellent (k=0.78-0.84), but interobserver agreement was fair (k=0.45). Conclusion: CBCT can provide high qualified images of bone changes of the TMJ with axial, coronal and 3 dimensional images.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2014년도 제46회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.300.2-300.2
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• 2014

테라헤르쯔(terahertz : THz)파는 0.1~10 THz 의 범위로 적외선과 방송파 사이에 광대역 주파수 스펙트럼을 차지하고 있으며 직진성, 투과성, 그리고 낮은 에너지(meV)를 가지고 있어 비 파괴적이고 무해한 장점을 지니고 있다. Ti:sapphire laser와 같은 femto-pulse source 등이 많은 발전이 되어 현재 많은 연구와 발전이 이루어지고 있다. femto-pulse source를 이용한 THz 응용에서는 높은 저항, 큰 전자이동도, 그리고 아주 짧은 전하수명의 기판을 요구하는데 저온에서 성장한(low-temperature grown : LT) InGaAs는 격자 내에 Gallium 자리에 Arsenic이 치환 하면서 AsGa antisite가 발생하여 전하수명을 짧아지는 것을 응용하여 가장 많이 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 보다 높은 저항을 얻기 위하여 molecular beam epitaxy를 이용하여 semi-insulating InP:Fe 기판위에 격자 정합된 LT-InGaAs:Be/InAlAs multi quantum well (MQW)를 well과 barrier를 가각 $10{\mu}m$ 씩 100주기 성장을 하였고 Ti와 Au를 각각 30, $200{\mu}m$로 dipole antenna를 제작 하였다. 이 때 Ti:sapphire femto-pulse laser (30 fs/90 MHz)를 excitation source로 사용하였을 때 9000 pA로 LT-InGaAs epilayer (180 pA)보다 50배 이상 큰 전류 신호를 얻을 수 있었다. THz 발생과 검출을 초소형, 초경량, 고효율로 하기 위해서는 fiber-optic를 이용해야 하는데 이때 분산과 산란 손실이 가장 적은 1550 nm 대역에서 많은 연구가 이루어 졌다. 780, 1560 nm의 mode-locking laser (90 fs/100 MHz)를 사용하여 현재 많이 이용되고 있는 Ti:sapphire femto-pulse laser와 비교하여 THz 특성 변화를 확인하는 연구를 진행 하고 있다.