• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.249-254
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• 2014

Medical linear accelerator is used for radiotherapy since it was developed in 1952, the utilization rate is further increased. It is used high energy radiotherapy using the energy of the photon of 6 MeV or more is universal at present, but the creation of the neutron by photonuclear reaction cause a problem that is radiation exposure of patients and operators. Therefore, in this study, to analyze the spectrum of the photon beam of 6 to 24 MV that occurred in the medical linear accelerator using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX, the number of photons of 7.41 MeV or more, which is a neutron production threshold energy of tungsten and average energy. The result of 24 MV in the beginning and the 8 MV was 0.59% of the total number of detected photons and it was founded that the number of photons are increased which are possible to cause the photonuclear reaction.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.89-97
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• 2016

As previous studies to proceed with the evaluation of the radioactive at linear accelerator's shielding concrete wall. And the shielding wall was evaluated the characteristics for the incoming neutron. As a result, the shielding wall is the average amount of incoming neutrons 10 MV 4.63E-7%, 15 MV 9.69E-6%, showed the occurrence of 20 MV 2.18E-5%. The proportion of thermal neutrons of which are found to be approximately 18-33%. The neutron generation rate can be seen as a slight numerical order. However, in consideration of the linear accelerator operating time we can not ignore the effects of neutrons. Accordingly radioactive problem of the radiation shield wall of the treatment room will be this should be considered.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.146-153
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• 1994

A modified irradiation technique utilizing a linear accelerator for radiation surgery within the brain was performed in 41 cases of patients with anteriovenous malformation(AVM), astrocytoma, meningioma. etc. The treatment planning and dosimetry of small field for stereotactic radiosurgery with 10 MV X-ray isocentically mounted linear accelerator will be presented dose with field size, the central axis persent depth dose and the combined moving beam dose distribution. The three dimensional dose planning of stereotactic focusing irradiation on small size tumor region was perfomed with dose planning computer system(Therac 2300) and was verified with film dosimetry. The more the number of strip and the wider the angle of arc rotation, the larger were the dose delivered on tumor and the less the dose to surrounding the normal tissues. In this study, the using machine and method was as fellowing. 1) Apparatus : NELAC-1018 10MV X-ray 2) Strip No. : Select the 5-7 strips 3) Cone and field size are from $1{\times}1cm^2$ to $3.5{\times}3.5cm^2$, and special circular cone designed for the purpose of minimized the risk to normal tissue and those size are $0.7{\~}3.6cm{\phi}$.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1989

The central beam characteristics of 6 MV X-ray from a Mevatron KD linear Accelerator are examin-depths The PDD (Percent Depth Dose) values and the TMR (Tissue Maximum Ratio) values are evaluated from measurement as a function of the depths and the field sizes. The calculated TMR values from the PDD are compared to those from measurement. The average differences between calculated TMR and measured one are within $1\%$ and we have concluded that calculated TMR values are acceptable for practical use.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.101-108
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• 1988

The beam characteristics and dosimetric measurements of the 10MV X-ray beam from a Mevatron KD linear accelerator are examined. The Percent Depth Dose (POD) table and the Tissue Maximum Ratio (TMR) table are taken from measurement as a function of the field size and the depth. The calculated TMR table from PDD table is compared with those from measurement. Other beam characteristics such as output factor, beam profile (including flatness, symmetry and penumbra), wedge, and the variation of Dmax are presented.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.113-115
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• 2002

The Monte Carlo simulation method is a numerical solution to a problem that models objects interacting with other objects or their environment based upon simple object-object or object-environment relationships. In spite of its great accuracy, It was turned away because of long calculation time to simulate a model. But, it is used to simulate a linear accelerator frequently with the advance of computer technology. To simulate linear accelerator in Monte Carlo simulations, there are many parameters needed to input to Monte Carlo code. These data can be supported by a linear accelerator manufacturer. Although the model of a linear accelerator is the same, a different characteristic property can be found. Thus, we performed a commissioning process of 6MV photon beam in Varian 2300C/D model with BEAM/EGS4 Monte Carlo code. The head geometry data were put into BEAM/EGS4 data. The mean energy and energy spread of the electron beam incident on the target were varied to match Monte Carlo simulations to measurements. TLDs (thermoluminescent dosimeter) and radiochromic films were employed to measure the absorbed dose in a water phantom. Beam profile was obtained in 40cm${\times}$40cm field size and Depth dose was in 10cm${\times}$10cm. At first, we compared the depth dose between measurements and Monte Carlo simulations varying the mean energy of an incident electron beam. Then, we compared the beam profile with adjusting the beam radius of the incident electron beam in Monte Carlo simulation. The results were found that the optimal mean energy was 6MV and beam radius of 0.1mm was well matched to measurements.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.297-302
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• 2017

In this study, the generation of photoneutrons between the 10 MV FF mode and the FFF mode was evaluated and the amount of photoneutrons generated by the 10 MV and 15 MV energy changes in the FFF mode was evaluated. The generated neutrons were evaluated at 13 measurement points and the KTEPC was used to collect the generated neutrons. 10 MV FF mode was measured at 10 MV FF mode and FFF mode at all measurement points. In the superior direction, 0.455mSv and 0.152mSv were the largest, and more than 33% optical neutron was generated in FF. 10 MV in FFF mode, 15 MV in 15 MV, and 0.402 mSv in the direction of Superior, and 6.9% in the direction.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 1988

The 6 MV photon beam of a linear accelerator (Mevatron 67) was studied for electron contamination. The surface dose, attributable almost entirely to contamination electrons, has a linear dependence on field width for square fields and an inverse square dependence on distance from the bottom of the fixed head assembly. Build-up and surface dose measurements were taken with and without an acrylic blocking tray in place. Further measurements were made with a copper filter designed to reduce secondary electrons emitted by photon interactions with the acrylic tray. The results are discussed in relation to skin sparing effect for radiation therapy patients. To achieve the maximum skin sparing effect, the selection of the optimum SSD and TSD is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2016

This Study aims at measuring scattered rays depending on the use of a flattening filter when radiation is irradiated using a linear accelerator. measurement of the scattered rays, an ionization chamber was used, and the energy of the irradiated radiation was 6 MV and 10 MV. The ionization chamber was located at the spot 15 cm, 25 cm, 35 cm and 45 cm far away from the center of gantry rotation, and the scattered rays were measured according to whether a flattening filter was used or not and to the distance. As the result of investigation of 100 cGy about each energy, when the flattening filter was not used with 6 MV, it occurred at a low level of 65%, and with 10 MV at that of 55%. In other words, it's been concluded that when a flattening filter is not used for radiation dose of the parts around the critical organ, scattered rays generate in a small quantity, and it's a useful way to decrease the stochastic effect of radiation.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 1993

Measured and calculated the TMR and SMR factors from percent depth dose underpartial attenuators which cover the whole part of the radiation beam with variousfilter thickness from 0 to 50 mm. This study was performed for x-ray beams generated with a 6 MV linear acceleratorat source to surface distance of 100cm in a water phantom for Lipowitz metal. TMR(0,d,t) was derived from non-linear polynomial regression with field sizedifferencies and a given filter thickness. In this experiments, the TMR(0,10,50) of 50mm of filter thickness was showed13.6 % higher than that of open field and SMR(5,10,50) was 38.5% smaller than thatof open field in same depth.