• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.67 no.3
• /
• pp.151-180
• /
• 2015

This study aimed to develop a scale to measure physical health behaviors among social work clients using general services. The scale items were constructed based on literature review and FGI of social workers. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmative factor analysis affirmed the factor structure of Physical Health Behavior Scale with two sub-scales: Health Promotion Behavior Scale and Health Hindrance Behavior Scale. Promotion Scale had 7 factors and Hindrance Scale had 5 factors. Both sub-scales showed acceptable ranged goodness-of-fit for the model, and internal consistency test proved that the scale was reliable. The analyses of discriminant validity, convergent validity, and concurrent validity resulted significant validation. Based on those results, the developed Physical Health Behavior Scale were proved well-constructed, reliable and valid. The Scale will be utilized for both clients in general to check their own health related behaviors and social workers to adopt as a tool for assessment in order to perform an evidence based practice.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.332-341
• /
• 2015

Purpose: Advanced aged pregnancy may be related with health problems so that more aggressive health care is necessary for these women. This study aimed to provide the basic data for developing nursing intervention programs to enhance the health of pregnant women and their new-born babies and by identifying the advanced aged women's need for pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: It is the cross-sectional descriptive study to identify the advanced aged women's need on pregnancy and childbirth. Subjects were pregnant women 35 years or older and postpartum women. Total number of subjects was 95. Measurement tool is self-reporting survey that consisted of 67 items with four-point Likert scale, which was completed during October to November 2014. Results: Average score was 3.44 out of maximum 4 on the care need on pregnancy and childbirth. Average scores according to category were as follows: baby rearing and parental role, 3.55; preconception care, 3.49; delivery care, 3.47; postpartum care 3.42; and prenatal pregnancy, 3.39. The degree of needs on pregnancy and childbirth was different according to delivery experience (t=-2.49, p=.014). Conclusion: Prenatal and postpartum nursing interventions were completed regardless of pregnant women's age until now; however, new nursing intervention programs are necessary to prevent the risk of advanced aged pregnancy, to provide the preconception care, and to increase the infant care and family support.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To investigate the rater reliability of a Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) for children with cerebral palsy, and to investigate possible differences among raters according to their clinical work experience and testing experience. Methods: Study participants included 18 children with spastic cerebral palsy who could walk. They were instructed by pediatric physical therapists, two of whom had ten years of clinical work experience and two who had less than one year of experience. The children's ability to achieve physical balance was videotaped for PBS items. The raters watched the tapes and evaluated each child twice. Rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences between experienced and novice raters were analyzed using a paired t-test. The statistical significance level was set to 0.05. Results: The total PBS scores averaged 45.78~48.00 and 45.72~47.67 for first and second tests. Intra-rater reliability was very high (ICC=0.89~0.99), and the repeated measurement coincidence was high (p>0.05). Inter-rater reliability was high (ICC=0.83~0.84), but there was a bit of a difference in the coincidence (p<0.05). The experienced raters' reliability and coincidence were higher than those of the novices, and there were differences in reliance and coincidence between experienced and novice raters (p<0.05). Conclusion: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability is very high. However, rater reliability showed defferences depending on clinical work experience and testing experience. When testing pediatric patients with the PBS, the rater's clinical experience and test experience may affect the test results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2022

Background: We conducted a cross-sectional study of residents within and outside Fukushima Prefecture to clarify their perceptions of the need for smartphone applications (apps) for explaining exposure doses. The results will lead to more effective methods for identifying target groups for future app development by researchers and municipalities, which will promote residents' understanding of radiological situations. Materials and Methods: In November 2019, 400 people in Fukushima Prefecture and 400 people outside were surveyed via a web-based questionnaire. In addition to basic characteristics, survey items included concerns about radiation levels and intention to use a smartphone app to keep track of exposure. The analysis was conducted by stratifying responses in each region and then cross-tabulating responses to concerns about radiation levels and intention to use an app by demographic variables. The intention to use an app was analyzed by binomial logistic regression analysis. Text-mining analyses were conducted in KH Coder software. Results and Discussion: Outside Fukushima Prefecture, concerns about the medical exposure of women to radiation exceeded 30%. Within the prefecture, the medical exposure of women, purchasing food products, and consumption of own-grown food were the main concerns. Within the prefecture, having children under the age of 18, the experience of measurement, and having experience of evacuation were significantly related to the intention to use an app. Conclusion: Regional and individual differences were evident. Since respondents differ, it is necessary to develop and promote app use in accordance with their needs and with phases of reconstruction. We expect that a suitable app will not only collect data but also connect local service providers and residents, while protecting personal information.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.67-80
• /
• 2013

Purpose - This study aims to establish the relationships among brand equity, brand attitudes, and Visual Merchandising (VMD) in bakery stores. The results will help bakery franchisees and franchisers in devising appropriate strategies for successfully managing their bakery shops. Research design, data, and methodology - The VMD model for bakery shops comprises harmony, attractiveness, suitability, pandemic, functionality, and reliability. Further, brand equity encompasses brand awareness, perceived quality, and brand image. In this study, the VMD factors of bakery shops are used as independent variables, while brand equity and brand attitude are used as dependent variables. This study aims to ascertain the extent of the influence VMD components of bakery shops have on brand equity and brand attitude. Regression analysis was used to verify those effects. The measurement items, deemed reliable and valid in a previous study, were modified for this study. Questionnaires were distributed to 500 consumers nationwide, of whom 340 were used for the sample. The SPSS 19.0 statistical program was used for the analysis. Results - First, among the VMD bakery shop components, harmony, attractiveness, and pandemic have a positive impact on brand equity (brand awareness and brand image). Second, amongst the VMD components of bakery shops, attractiveness, pandemic, and reliability have a positive impact on brand equity (perceived quality). Third, amongst the VMD components of bakery shops, harmony, attractiveness, and reliability have a positive impact on brand attitude. Fourth, brand equity (brand awareness, brand image, and perceived quality) have a positive effect on brand attitude. Conclusions - This study identifies the relationships between the VMD components of a bakery shop and brand equity and attitude in order to propose a new model. The study has several practical implications. First, the development of brand equity and management can be important components in bakery shops' determination of whether their VMD components have an impact on brand equity. Second, among VMD components, harmony and attractiveness have a positive influence on the choice of bakery shop, while reliability and pandemic have a partly positive influence on the choice of bakery shop. Therefore, store atmospheres should be attractively designed, and store menus and interiors should be reviewed periodically to conform to the latest trends. This study suggests marketing strategies for brand equity formation. First, providing collateral product quality, hygiene, and safety benefits as well as product offerings to complement the season and employees' services should be considered. Second, display methods, illumination designs, and new product ideas should be periodically reviewed. Third, these should complement the overall harmony of the interior and exterior and of the store atmosphere in order to be attractive. Funds should thus be dedicated specifically for the facilities and their interiors. Fourth, it is necessary to build a friendly and relaxed image that can be easily called to mind by the customers.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.67-88
• /
• 1998

Present study was attempt to explore the relationship between perceived family support and depression and to emphasize the importance or needs of family support in psychological care especially among adolescents. Study subjects comprized of 308 high school students including vocational students in part, and data collection was done in the Kwangju City area in April. 1998. The Moos Family Environment Scale and the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale modified by investigators were used as measurement tools of 59 item questionnaire and in data analysis, statistical methods of T-test, ANOVA. and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were utilized. The study findings are as follows 1. The hypothesis of the study, 'the higher the degree of perceived family support among adolescents, the lower the level of depression', was supported (r=-0.4469, p<.001). 2. Some variables in demographic characteristics related to the degree of family support with statistical significance were school division of vacational vs non-vocational(t=-2.02, p<.05), age(f=5.47, p<.01), family monthly income (f=2.49, p<.05), mother's level of education (f=3.01. p<.05), residence at developmental stage (f=2.87, p<.05), personal problem of highest priority at present(f=7.73, p<.001), and family problem perceived by adolescents(f=7.38, p< .001). 3. Items In general characteristics related to the level of depression with statistical significance were sex(t=-2.91, p<.0l). mother's level of education(f=2.53. p<.05). residence at developmental stage (f=3.95. p<.0l). present personal problem of highest priority (f=3.68. p<.1l). and perceived in-family problem (f=4.58. p<.001). 4. The mean score of the degree of perceived family support was 61.26 $(SD=\pm14.45)$ in a range of 21.00 to 96.00 ; that of the level of depression. 43.74 $(SD=\pm8.04)$ in a range of 23.00 to 67.00. which demonstrated that the higher the degree of perceived family support, the lower the level of depression. In conclusion. it was found that the degree of family support perceived by adolescents is a variable affecting the level of depression. Based on the study outcome, further research suggestions can be made as such that repeated studies are needed in order to delineate the various factors affecting family support and depression, and a study involving family support implementation program is required as a nursing intervention for the development of emotional security among adolescents, perceived family support, depression, adolescence.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.15 no.6
• /
• pp.652-658
• /
• 1999

Arrowroot Mook was prepared as a trial to develop new food items from natural resources, and its rheological properties were measured. 1. The starting point of gelatinization of 7% arrowroot starch solution was $67.5^{\circ}C$ as measured by amylograph. The viscosity of arrowroot starch reached the maximum 375 B.U. at $95^{\circ}C$ and decreased to 315 B.U. while holding at $95^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. When the temperature dropped to $50^{\circ}C$, the viscosity increased again to 530 B.U. 2. The gelatinization enthalpy of arrowroot starch was 15.603 J/g. 3. For the color, there were significant differences in b value for the arrowroot Mook made of arrowroot starch and in L value for the Mook made by the addition of arrowroot juice. 4. In descriptive analysis, $S_3$(14% arrowstarch) was most favored in color, and $S_1$(10% arrowstarch)was most favored in transparency, brittleness, fineness, and shininess. There were no significant differences in hardness, adhesiveness, and astringency. 5. On the contrary to mechanical measurement, there were no significant differences in hardness of samples as the addition of arrowroot juice increased, although there appeared a tendency to be softer in descriptive analysis. 6. The Mook prepared with 12% arrowroot starch was most favored by sensory evaluation. In case of adding arrowroot juice, the Mook containing 3% of arrowroot juice was most favored. Overall, arrowroot Mook showed a potential as a new food item.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2011

Objective : The characteristics of physiological responses of ADHD children to sensory stimulation were examined by types of sensory stimulation, measurement tools, and responses. In addition the behavioral characteristics were examined by analyzing items of common problems according to the measuring tool, frequency, and measurement tools. Methods : A systematic review methods were used. Papers published in the Journal between January, 1990 and December 31, 2011 were searched through Riss4U, MEDLINE /PubMed, CINAH. The main terms searched were "ADHD, Children, Sensory processing, Sensory integration, SP, SSP, SOR, TIE, CSP, SEP, EDR", and 15 papers were analyzed. Results : 1. The number of studies on physiological responses of children with ADHD to sensory stimulation was five (33.33 percent), the number of studies on behavioral responses was ten(66.67%), and the number of studies combined the two kinds of study was two (13.33%), where a total of 15 (100%) papers were analyzed. 2. In five studies on the physiological response, there were three studies using tactile and proprioceptive stimulations and two studies using olfactory, auditory, visual, tactile, and vestibular sensories. 3. In ten studies on the behavioral responses, there were five studies using SP, three studies using SSP, two studies using SOR, one study using TIE, and one study using CSP. Conclusion : In the characteristics of physiological responses of children with ADHD children to sensory stimulation, there was in the action potential of the cells in hand region of the primary sensorimotor cortex neurons. It was analyzed that there was an initial state and it appeared show a obvious and fast habituation in the later state; the time of recovery seemed to have many non-specific responses. In the characteristics of behavioral responses, there were inattention / distraction, vestibular processing, sensory processing related to endurance / tone, modulation of sensory input affecting emotional responses, low energy/weak.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2005

The aim of this study is to establish anatomical dimension of the lip in young population in Korean, using specially designed soft ware with photographic image. We measure 13 anatomical dimensions of lips in 2,229 young people. (917 male, 1312 female, Aged from 18-33 years. Average age 19.7). Statistical analysis of these measurements of large population could offer useful information in facial plastic surgery. The mean measurements are as follows 1. Lengths (male/female) Widths of philtrum: $1.11{\pm}0.19cm/1.02{\pm}0.21cm$ Heights of philtrum: $1.6{\pm}0.24cm/1.47{\pm}0.21cm$ Heights of cupid bow: $0.88{\pm}0.16cm/0.83{\pm}0.16cm$ Height of upper vermilion: $0.74{\pm}0.16cm/0.70{\pm}0.15cm$ Height of lower vermilion: $1.08{\pm}0.17cm/1.02{\pm}0.15cm$ Height of upper lip(Rt.): $1.24{\pm}0.2cm/1.23{\pm}0.2cm$ Height of upper lip(Lt.): $1.24{\pm}0.2cm/1.17{\pm}0.19cm$ Half horizontal length of lip: $2.2{\pm}0.26cm/2.11{\pm}0.2cm$ Horizontal length of lip: $4.41{\pm}0.4cm/4.25{\pm}0.36cm$ Height of lower face: $7.1{\pm}0.58cm/6.52{\pm}0.6cm$ 2. Angles Nasolabial angle: $97.77{\pm}11.97^{\circ}/95.5{\pm}11.34^{\circ}$ Mentolabial angle: $133.88{\pm}14.65^{\circ}/129.27{\pm}13.67^{\circ}$ Angle of Cupid's bow: $111.65{\pm}13.99^{\circ}/116.75{\pm}16.2^{\circ}$ Previous reported photogrammetric measurements was difficult to implement to surgical practice. Because these were printed photographies of the same size. Therefore, in this study, we can measure a lot of objects and items more conveniently and correctly by using proportional program on computer after taking a digital photograph. Consequently, proportional measurements with photogrammetry of lip could be useful and corrective substitute for anthropometrical measuring. These data could be useful reference for preoperative consultation, surgical planning and learning anatomical measurement of lips and adjacent structures.