• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.109-110
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• 2003

To validate a novel mouse model, gpt delta, for in vivo mutagenesis, the Mammalian Mutagenesis Society (MMS), a subgroup of the Environmental Mutagen Society of Japan (JEMS) (JEMS/MMS), performed a collaborative study as the third trial for transgenic animal assay. In this mouse model, point mutations and deletions re separately identified by gpt (6-thioguanine-resistant) and Spi- (sensitive to P2 interference) selections, respectively.(omitted)

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1997

인체 T-림프구에서 감마선과 대표적 화학 독성물질인 pentachlorophenol(PCP)의 돌연변이 효과를 hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase(hprt) 유전자의 돌연변이 빈도로써 측정하였다. 감마선은 $^{137}$Cs원을 사용하여 세포의 초기배양 시기에 0-3.0 Gy를 조사하였고, PCP는 세포의 초기배양시 최종농도 0-100 ppm으로 24시간 투여하였다. 돌연변이세포는 6-thioguanine을 처리 하에 세포가 성장하는 능력으로 분류하였다. 방사선에 의한 돌연변이빈도는 1.0 Gy, 2.0 Gy와 3.0 Gy 선량에서 대조군보다 약40%, 400%와 750% 증가하였고 0.2 Gy와 0.5 Gy의 선량에서는 유의성 있는 변화가 없었다. PCP를 15 ppm, 25 ppm 그리고 50 ppm을 처리하였을 때 대조군보다 각각 30%, 90% 및 520%정도 증가하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

To determine whether ozone is genotoxic at environmentally relevant exposure level, B6C3F1 mice were exposed to 0.5 ppm ozone for 12 weeks, 6 hr/day. Chromosomal aberration, supravital micronucleus and hprt mutation assays were performed. The percentage of abnormal cells was significantly increased at 0.5 ppm ozone when compared to unexposed control in chromosome aberration assay. Significant increase in the frequencies of micro nucleated reticulocytes and 6-thioguanine-resistant ($TG^r$) lymphocytes was also observed in supravital micronucleus assay using peripheral blood and lymphocyte hprt mutation assay, respectively. The results indicate, that under our experimental conditions, 0.5 ppm ozone are genotoxic in exposed B6C3F1 mice.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.109-110
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• 2003

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1990

돼지 췌장 유래 엘라스타제의 돌연변이원성을 알아보기 위하여 포유동물 세포를 이용한 돌연변이 시험과 마우스를 이용한 소핵시험을 실시하였다. 엘라스타아제에 의하여 CHO-K1-BH4 cell이 6-thioguanine에 대해 내성을 가지게 되는 변이의 빈도를 조사하였다. 시험결과 엘라스타아제의 농도 증가 (0-30mg/ml)에 따른 변이빈도의 증가가 관찰되지 않았으며, 변이빈도도 음성대조군 변이빈도 치의 2배 이상을 보이지 않았다. 마우스를 이용한 소핵시험에서는 엘라스타아제를 1250, 2500 그리고 5000mg/kg의 용량으로 마우스에 1회 경구 투여 하였으며 양성대조군과 음성대조군에는 각각 mitomycin C 2mg/kg, 10skim milk 20ml/kg 을 각각 복강내와 경구로 투여하였다. 시험결과 엘라스타제 투여군의 소핵 출현빈도는 음성대조군과 비교하여 증가하지 않았다. 위의 결과로 보아 엘라스탄제는 이 시험계들에서 돌연변이원성이 없는 것으로 사려된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권1_2호
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• pp.71-78
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• 1997

The mutational effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) on the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transf erase (hprt) locus in human T-cell were analysed by T-cell clonal assay in vitro. Cells were exposed for 24 hours at primary culture to 0~100 ppm (W/V) PCP in dimethyl sulfoxide. Treated cells were allowed at the same time to stimulate by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and T-cell growth factor (TCGF) and then seeded in medium containing 6-thioguanine to select for hprt-negative routants. We have also defined the optimal condition for the determination of mutant frequency. The parameters investigated include survival counting, first and second subculture for clonal efficiency plating and mutant plating. Under the optimal conditions, mutant frequencies of high dose-treated cells were significantly higher than those of non-treated or low dose cells. The results indicated a clear dose-effect relationship and showed that mutant frequency in 50 ppm PCP treated cell was 4.31$\times$$10^{-5}$ (background, 8.32$\times$$10^{-6}$). Above data strongly suggest that hprt mutation assay can be used as a biomarker for the environmental risk assessment.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.176-189
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• 2002

The purpose of this study were to illustrate the various medication error types and causes and identified to related drugs to provide basic data for preventing nurses' medication error by analysing 73 cases of AJN 'medication Error' column(1993, Oct -2000, Nov). Nurses' types of medication error were classified into 7 types. The most frequent error types are wrong medication$(21.9\%)$ and the wrong dose$(21.9\%)$ together. The others are wrong $time(4.1\%)$, $omission(2.7\%)$, mechanical $error(2.7\%)$, incorrect IV $rate(1.4\%)$. wrong route $administration(1.4\%)$ in order. Nurses' causes of medication error were 9 kinds. The most frequent type is confusing between similar drug shape, color, size, name, injection devices and patient's $name(43.9\%)$ and the others are lack of knowledge about $drugs(26.8\%),\; slips(7.3\%),\; miscalculating\;dose(4.9\%)$, incorrect adjusts $devices(4.9\%)$, difficulty to read or illegible decimal $point(4.9\%),$ $abbreviation(2.4\%)$, fatigue with $overwork(2.4\%)$ and no communication with $patient(2.4\%)$ in order. Related drugs with medication error are as follows. - dose unit(IU. minims. mcg/min. mEq) : Heparin. insulin. synthetic calcitonin, some enzymes and hormones, vitamins, some antibiotics, tuberculin injection. MgSO4 injection. nitroglycerin - similar size, color and shape drug : $0.9\%$ N/S and acetic acid $0.25\%$ for irrigation. premixed 2mg lidocaine sol. and $0.9\%$ N/S, gentamycin 20mg/2mL for children and 80mg/2mL for adult, dextroamphetamine 5mg and 10mg capsule. sedatives chloral hydrate 250mg/5mL and 500mg/5mL - similar name :Aredia(pamidronate disodium) and Adriamycin(doxorubicin), Lamictal (lamotrigine) and Lamisil 250mg. Elderpryl and enalapril, cefotaxime and cefoxitin, carboplatin and cisplatin, sumatriptan and zolmitriptan, Celebrex and Celexa, Humulin and Humalog, Percodan and Percocet, Diabeta and Diabinese, Epivir and Retrovir, Xanax(alprazolam) and Zantac(ranitidine) - decimal point : low molecular weight warfarin, methotrexate - unfamiliar drug uses of familiar drug ; methotrexate. droperidol, imipramine, propranolol - number of drug name(misleading chemical name) : 6-thioguanine, 6-mercaptopurine, 5-fluorouracil - type of administration route : Oxycodone(OxyContin). - administration time : acarbose(Precose). - injection way (Z-track method): hydroxyzine - epidural cathether : LMWHs(enoxaparin, dalteparin), - ADD Vantage self contained delivery system : ceftriaxone(Rocephin)