• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.349-353
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• 2004

Mature embryo and leaf base segment of Korean oat were used as materials in an experiment to check plant regeneration efficiency. MS media supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), kinetin, and picloram were used for callus induction from mature embryos and leaf base segments. Three mg/l of 2,4­D and 3 mg/l of picloram in callus induction medium showed high frequency for plant regeneration from mature embryos. Leaf base segments were transferred to callus induction medium and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ in 16/8 hr light/dark cycle for 3 weeks. Callus induction from leaf base segments of Malgwiri showed high efficiency in medium containing 3 mg/l of 2,4-D and 1 mg/l of kinetin $(91.8\%)$. In case of Samhangwiri, the combinations of phytohormones did not show significant difference. Regeneration from leaf base segments showed high frequency in shoot medium containing 1 mg/l of antiauxin, tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) and 1 mg/l of 6-benzyladenine (BA). Calli induced from leaf base segments of Samhangwiri and Malgwiri in media containing 3 mg/l of 2,4-D and 3 mg/l of picloram showed high regeneration frequency. It appears that the callus initiation medium may be an important factor for subsequent plant regeneration.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.255-260
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• 2016

This research was conducted to improve the cold tolerance of the gerbera cv. Gold Eye by introduction of the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Prior to genetic transformation, we optimized a combination of plant growth regulators; $1.0mgl^{-1}$ 6-Benzyladenine (BA) and $0.1mgl^{-1}$3-indole-acetic acid (IAA) were found to lead to proper in vitro shoot regeneration from petiole explants. In addition, $50mgl^{-1}$ kanamycin was determined to be the minimal concentration useful for selection of putative transgenic plants. In this study, transgenic gerbera expressing the Arabidopsis $Ca^{2+}/H^+$ antiporter gene (CAX1) were obtained using the optimized concentrations. We expect that introduction of the gene to the cultivar will improve cold tolerance, which will be important in the winter months.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2007

Plant regeneration of Pulsatilla koreana was achieved via adventitious shoot formation indirectly from callus and directly from adventitious root segments. For the callus induction from leaf or petiole explants, combination of 2,4- dichlorophenoxyaceticacid (2,4-D) with $2.22\;{\mu}M$ 6-benzyladenine (BA) was effective. Adventitious shoot induction from callus was enhanced by the combined treatment with $0.1\;{\mu}M$ polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) compared to cytokinin treatment alone. Adventitious roots were induced from the petiole segments on 1/2 MS medium with $4.93\;{\mu}M$ IBA. High frequency direct adventitious shoot formation from the segments of adventitious roots was achieved on medium with $4.92\;{\mu}M$ 2-isopentenyladenine (2-ip). Elongated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing $5.71\;{\mu}M$ indole acetic acid (IAA). Regenerated plantlets with well-developed shoots and roots were successfully transferred to soil. This in vitro propagation protocol might be useful for mass propagation as well as conservation of this plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2003

Petiole explants from 20 cultivars of Catharanthus roseus were cultured on various shoot-inducing media to assess their competence for adventitious shoot formation. After eight weeks of culture on Murashige and Skoog' s medium supplemented with 4.4 $\mu\textrm{m}$6-benzyladenine and 0.5 $\mu\textrm{m}$ $\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid, petiole explants from 'Cooler Icy Pink' exhibited the greatest frequency of adventitious shoot formation at 40%, which was followed by 'Little Bright Eye'. By comparing with a previous study on assessment of competence for adventitious shoot formation in hypocotyl explant cultures of various cultures, it is indicated that the relative degree of their competence among cultivars varies to the organ used for the source of explant. Excised adventitious shoots were readily rooted on half-strength MS basal medium. Regenerated plantlets were successfully transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.116-119
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• 2002

A protocol has been developed for differentiation of adventitious shoots directly from leaf segments of Tetragonia tetragonoides O. Kuntze. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 mg/L $N^6-benzyladenine$ (BA) and 0.5 mg/L ${\alpha}-naphthaleneacetic$ acid (NAA) supported the induction of adventitious shoots from leaf explants. Adventitious shoots were multiplied by subculturing on the double strength MS (2MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 2 mg/L BA. Shoots were rooted on MS basal medium without any growth regulators.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 2019

Efficient protocol for plant shoot regeneration of Brassica juncea L. CZERN was established by using organic media components and growth stimulating factors of the vermicompost and coelomic fluids. Formulated organic plant tissue culture media (Vermicompost (30%) extracts supplemented with 20 mL/L coelomic fluid) have shown maximum shoot regeneration when compared with the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, which were supplemented with 1 mg/L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L of Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Cotyledon explants produced the highest shoot regeneration frequency from fourday-old germinated seedlings in comparison with non-germinated seedlings. The vermicompost extracts have proved to be the best organic plant growth media to induce shoots from cotyledons compared to the MS media. Statistically significant difference (P = 0.008) for the root length, shoot length (P=0.000350) and the leaves (P=0.375) of the mustard plantlets were analyzed successfully. The survival rate was 98% in the mustard cotyledons on the Vermicompost extract media and 63% on MS media respectively. The coelomic fluid also is much suitable to induce shoots from cotyledons at lower concentrations. It was also shown that the vermicompost extract, which comprised of humic acids along with coelomic fluid, affected shoot regeneration from the cotyledons. An efficient and organic shoot regeneration study was standardized and it can be applicable in the improvement of the economically important crops.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.690-696
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• 2015

We micropropagated pear (Pyrus species) using shoot tips and nodal explants from three pear genotypes. The ability to establish shoot tip cultures, proliferate shoots, induce rooting, and acclimatize the resulting plantlets are all elements of in vitro micropropagation. Shoots were induced from shoot tips on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) with five different plant growth regulator combinations. The highest shoot formation rates were achieved for the three genotypes using MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/L N⁶-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.1 mg/L gibberellic acid (GA₃). The maximum shoot number and shoot length for the three cultivars were recorded with 2.0 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in multiplication medium using nodal explants produced from microshoots. Nodal explants with one or two axillary buds cultured for three weeks initiated roots on medium supplemented with various concentrations of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or/and IBA in half-strength MS medium for adventitious rooting. The highest rooting response was with the combination of 0.2 mg/L NAA and 0.2 mg/L IBA. A combination of NAA and IBA resulted in a significant increase in the rooting ratio over NAA or IBA alone. In this medium, the root formation rate according to ranged from 68.9% for the BaeYun No. 3 genotype to 51.8% for the Hwanggeum genotype. We also investigated the influence of the concentration the polyamine phloroglucinol in rooting medium. For all three genotypes, the highest rooting ratio, longest root length, and greatest root number were observed in the treatments with 75-150 mg/L phloroglucinol. Most rooted plants were acclimatized successfully.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2010

A protocol for in vitro propagation from pseudobulb sections of Lycaste armomatica (Graham ex Hook) Lindl., an ornamental and fragrant orchid, was developed. The effect of four cytokinins: kinetin (K), metatopolin (mT), $N^6$-benzyladenine (BA), and thidiazuron (TDZ), in equimolar concentrations, was investigated. Shoot formation from apical and basal pseudobulb sections was obtained in all treatments. A few medial sections cultured in media supplemented with BA formed protocorm-like bodies. Shoot formation was greater from the basal section than the apical, and mainly occurred in explants cultured in media containing TDZ. The highest average numbers of shoots per explant were achieved from basal sections cultured in media supplemented with TDZ at 4.4, 8.87 and 2.2 ${\mu}M$, forming on average 9.9, 8.6 and 7.3 shoots per explant, respectively. Since the medial pseudobulb section was the worst explant for propagation of L. aromatica, we recommend that pseudobulbs be divided into two sections; the basal half should be cultured in MS medium supplemented with TDZ at 4.4 ${\mu}M$ and the apical half with TDZ at 2.2 ${\mu}M$. Subculturing individual shoots in MS medium without plant growth regulators allows further development and rooting. A survival rate of more than 90% under greenhouse conditions was achieved. This research represents a direct contribution to the conservation and sustainable use of this valuable natural resource.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.221-224
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• 2003

Leaf explants of Ixeris sonchifolia produced adventitious shoots at a frequency of 100% when cultured on MS medium supplemented with combinations of various concentrations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) (0.44, 4.44, or 8.87 ${\mu}M$) and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, or MS medium supplemented with 22.19 ${\mu}M$ BA and 2.69 ${\mu}M\;\alpha$-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) after four weeks of culture. Each explants (approximately $3{\times}6mm$) produced greater than 70 shoots at a combination of 0.44 ${\mu}M$ BA and 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA. Leaf explants produced shoots at a frequency of greater than 80% even at as low as 0.13 ${\mu}M$ BA as the sole growth regulator. Upon transfer to one-third strength MS with 0.54 ${\mu}M$ NAA, excised adventitious shoots were rooted at a frequency of 100%. Regenerated plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in a greenhouse. The competence of I. sonchifolia for plant regeneration via organogenesis appears to be greater than the competence of tobacco, currently the best model plant for organogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

Cotyledonary and hypocotyl explants of melon seedlings were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and benzyladenine (B.A).Up to 22% of cotyledonary explants and 7%, of hypocotyl explants, respectively: Produced somatic embryos through intervening two types of calli: bright yellow compact (BYC) callus and pale-yellow compact (PYC) callus. BYC callus was capable of producing somatic embryos at initial culture, but it became necrotic as subrulhues proceeded. In contrast UC callus was incapable of producing somatic embryos during initial culture (first 6 weeks), but it became bright-yellow friable (BYF) callus with forming a few globular embryos after 2 months of subculture, indicating that the callus turned embryogenic. The embryogenic capacity of BYF maintained for over one year when the callus was sucultured at 4-week interval. Upon transfer onto MS basal medium the callus gave rise to numerous somatic embryos and subsequently converted to plantlets. Plantlets were transplanted to potting soil and grown to maturity in the phyotron.