• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.144-153
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• 2007

Conversations are divided into several types according to their purposes. One of which is a business talk. It is a conversation occurred between the seller and purchaser. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to make a reasonable consultation model for the seller to accomplish the customer's purchasing commodities. We shall look at the properties of business talks in chapter II, study the procedures to negotiate and accomplish goals between the seller and purchaser in chapter III, summarize the factors needed for a rational construction of business talks in chapter IV, and then in chapter V, suggest a standard business talk after analyzing some examples. This paper could be meaningful and significant in deepening the discussion for the particular discourse like a business talk as well as the general one. Furthermore, this research could be conducive to develop rational business transactions and improve applications in Korean-teaching education.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2007

Generally, main girders and steel piers of temporary bridges form the steel rahmen structure. In this study, the rational stability design procedure for main members of temporary bridges was presented using a 3D system buckling analysis and second-order elastic analysis. Six types of temporary bridges, which can be designed and fabricated in reality, were chosen and the buckling design for them was performed in consideration ofload combinations of dead and live loads, thermal load, and wind load. Effective buckling length of steel piers, transition of 3D buckling modes, and effects of second-order analysis were investigated through a case study involving six temporary bridges.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.202-204
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• 2015

2010년부터 최근 5년간 해양안전심판원의 충돌사고 통계분석 결과에 따르면 98%가 인적과실이 원인이 될 정도로 경계소홀 등 해기사에 의한 운항과실이 해양사고의 대부분을 차지하고 있으나 그동안 외국뿐만 아니라 국내에서도 이에 대한 연구는 극히 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 항해중인 선박이 타 선박과 6가지 유형(Head-on, $045^{\circ}$, $090^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, Overtaking, Overtaken)의 다른 방위각으로 조우 상황시 양 선박의 거리가 가까워지면서 거리별 항해당직사관인 해기사가 느끼는 스트레스(주관적 위험도)를 실제 항해중인 선박에 승선하여 실험하였고 획득한 데이터를 통계적으로 분석 및 처리하였다. 데이터를 곡선적합(Curve fitting) 적용 결과 6가지 조우각도별 거리에 따른 연속 데이터 획득이 가능 하였고 인적과실의 주요 원인 중의 하나인 타 선박 조우 상황시 해기사가 느끼는 스트레스 일반화 모델을 위한 기초 식을 제안하였다. 이러한 결과는 향후 해기사의 인적과실을 줄여 해양사고 예방을 위한 기초 자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.385-391
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• 2008

In Korea, Quercus acutissima distributed in good condition with high nutrients and moisture content, but Quercus variabilis in dry soil or rock habitate. In order to understand this ecological distribution of Q. acutissima and Q. variabilis, we cultivated the seedlings of two oak species treated with light, soil moisture and nutrient gradients each four level, from May to October in glass house. Then we measured the ecological niche breadth and niche overlap of the two species, and analyzed the relationship of competition using cluster analysis and PCA ordination. Ecological niche breadths of Q. acutissima under moisture and nutrient treatments were slightly wider than those under light one. Among 14 characters measured, 6 characters related with length items were wider in all the environmental treatments, but 8 characters connected with weight terms narrower in light treatment. Ecological niche breadths of Q. variabilis under moisture and nutrient treatment were wider than those of light one. Ecological niche of Q. acutissima was wider than those of Q. variabilis in all the environmental treatments. Ecological overlap between two species was higher with a range of 0.87$\sim$0.92, especially higher in soil moisture factor. These results means that Q. acutissima is more competitive than Q. variabilis, especially in soil moisture condition. Two species were ordinated with distinct group based on 9 characters. From these results, it can be explained that what Q. variabilis distributed in bad soil condition is due to the escape strategy, because of its low competitive ability to Q. acutissima in natural communities.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.4-21
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• 2019

In this paper, 23 Silla gold earrings from the sixth and seventhand centuries, excavated from the Yeongnam region, were analyzed. Based on the silver content of the gold plate, they were classified into three types. The classifications included type I(20-50wt%), type II(10-20wt%) and type III (less than 10wt%). In the analysis process, the composition and morphological differences were identified on the surface of the gold plate. In the case of type I and II earrings, it was observed that the fine holes were concentrated in a relatively higher part of the gold content. The causes of the difference in the surface composition of the gold plate were divided into four categories: 1) surface treatment, 2) thermal diffusivity in the manufacturing process, 3) differences in composition of alluvial gold, and 4) the refining method of gold. It is possible that depletion gilding was attempted to increase the gold content while intentionally removing the other metals from the surface of the gold alloy in the portion where the gold deposit is relatively concentrated on the surface of the gold plating. The highest copper content was detected in the earring with the highest gold content of the analyzed earrings, and it was assumed that thermal diffusion had occurred between the gold plate and the metal rod during the manufacturing process rather than intentional addition. Copper was detected only in the thin ring earring type, and copper was not detected in the thick ring earring type or pendant type. It also proves that this earring has a high degree of tightness at higher temperatures, as there was an invisible edge finish on other earrings and horizontal wrinkles on the gold plate surface. In terms of the material of the gold plate, we examined whether the silver content of the gold plate was natural gold or added by alloy through analyzing the alluvial gold collected in the region. As a result of the analysis, it was found that on average about 13wt% of silver is included. This suggests that type II is natural gold, type III is refined gold, and type I seems to have been alloyed with natural gold. Here, we investigated the refining method introduced in the ancient literature, both at home and abroad, about the possibility of alloying silver after the refining process of type III earrings and then making pure gold. It was found that from ancient refining methods, silver which had been present in the natural gold was removed by reacting and combining with silver chloride or silver sulfide, and long-term efforts and techniques were required to obtain pure gold through this method. Therefore, it was concluded that the possibility of adding a small amount of silver in order to increase strength after making pure gold through a refining process is low.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.397-405
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• 2015

This survey was to identify voice symptoms and vocal-health service related experiences of occupational voice users(teachers, telemarketers, speech therapists). The 91.8% of teachers, 97.9% of telemarketers, 86% of speech therapists surveyed reported more than one voice symptom. The symptoms were classified as 9 categories(running a temperature, getting dry, dry and cough, pain, phlegm, tingled, hoarseness, cracks, swollen) and the most frequently reported from 3 groups was 'getting dry'. The 85.7% of teachers, 87.8% of telemarketers, 66% of therapists surveyed had no experience of vocal-health related services. The 19.6%, 19.9%, and 72% of each group reported they have heard both of 'voice/speech therapist'. The 36.8% of teachers and 43.6% of telemarketers answered they don't know how to use their voice efficiently and 45.3% of the teachers, 43.6% of the telemarketers, 28% of the therapists surveyed asked professional help for their voice. The result showed that most of the occupational voice users surveyed experienced voice symptoms but rarely knew professional vocal-health related services.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

In this study, a plant tissue culture system was established for Atractylodes spp., an economically valuable medicinal crop in Korea that has low domestic production and is increasingly imported. In particular, Atractylodes ovata was treated with four types of cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), zeatin, kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ), in two different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L). Among the four types of cytokinins, the BA treatment was effective for the shoot and root growth of A. ovata. Both the 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L concentrations of BA showed similar results; however, the 1.0 mg/L concentration of BA was more effective in promoting shoot and root growth. The treatments showed that the TDZ treatment was not effective for the shoot and root growth, except for the number of shoots and the fresh weight (FW) of the root; therefore, it was unsuitable for this species. In this study, we established a mass production system of A. ovata. Our results showed that direct in vitro regeneration may make a significant contribution to improving the cultivation of the medicinal plant A. ovata.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.885-905
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• 2010

This study questions that mathematical evaluations strive to memorize fragmentary knowledge and have an objective test. To solve these problems on mathematical education We did descriptive test. Through the descriptive test, students think and express their ideas freely using mathematical terms. We want to know if that procedure is correct or not, and, if they understand what was being presented. We studied this because We want to analyze where and what kinds of faults they committed, and be able to correct an error so as to establish a correct mathematical concept. The result from this study can be summarized as the following; First, the mistakes students make when solving the descriptive tests can be divided into six things: error of question understanding, error of concept principle, error of data using, error of solving procedure, error of recording procedure, and solving procedure omissions. Second, students had difficulty with the part of the descriptive test that used logical thinking defined by mathematical terms. Third, errors pattern varied as did students' ability level. For high level students, there were a lot of cases of the solving procedure being correct, but simple calculations were not correct. There were also some mistakes due to some students' lack of concept understanding. For middle level students, they couldn't understand questions well, and they analyzed questions arbitrarily. They also have a tendency to solve questions using a wrong strategy with data that only they can understand. Low level students generally had difficulty understanding questions. Even when they understood questions, they couldn't derive the answers because they have a shortage of related knowledge as well as low enthusiasm on the subject.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.10-17
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• 2011

The paradigm of the use and management of natural resources is changing. Wise use of natural resources can be achieved by enhancing their conservation value and, at the same time, taking them as an opportunity for regional development. It leads to an idea of pursuing regional development by making good use of natural resources. In this paper, natural resources were classified as living species resources, ecosystem and landscape resources, and non-living resources. The resources were divided into 27 detailed analysis indices. The administrative boundaries of 165 municipalities in Korea were defined as spatial analysis units. Finally, a spatial database of natural resources was built. To classify the regional types, we conducted factor analyses with a detailed index of natural resources and a cluster analysis with the factor value. As the result of the factor analysis, six factors have been deduced as follows: forest resources, landscape resources, coastal ecology resources, inland water resources, landform resources, and ecology visit resources. In addition, the cluster analyses were conducted for the points of the factors drawn. The final classification consists of nine groups, and appropriate methods for each regional development have been suggested. Results of this study will contribute to providing fundamental materials for site selection and objective-setting for regional development policies and planning in consideration of natural resources.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2003

In this article, we described students' conceptions of fraction, based on the mathematical learning theory of Skemp who contributed to the understanding of a mathematical conception in the real world problems. We analyzed students' responses to given three problems in order to examine a degree of the conceptual understanding in their responses. In conclusion, it suggests some instructional methods which facilitate students to understand the conceptions the fraction implies.