• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's game addiction tendency. As individual variables, game user' motivation, self-control, and self-esteem were included in the analysis. As family variables, communications with mothers, parental control of children's computer use and parental internet use were examined, as school variables, school adjustment and teacher's supervision of children's computer use, and as peer variables, peer group's attitude toward computer games were used. The sample consisted of 994 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, two way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boys were addicted more than girls. No difference was found in the addiction tendency between the 5th graders and the 6th graders. Second, game users' motivation, that is, their interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive and aggressive motive, had a positive correlation with their game addiction tendency. However, self-control and self-esteem had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Third, problematic communications with mothers and parental control of children's computer use had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Open communications with mothers had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fourth, school adjusaent had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. And peer group's attitude towards computer games had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fifth, low self-control, peer group's attitude towards computer games, children's interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive, aggressive motive, school lesson adjustment, parental control of children's computer use and school nile adjustment were important predicting variables of boy's game addiction tendency. Avoidance motive, low self-control, interest-amusement motive, peer group's attitude towards computer games, and parental control of children's computer use were important predicting variables of girl's game addiction tendency.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2011

Purpose: The study aimed at identifying distributions of career stress and determining whether conflict at school or with family and health-risk behaviors could be associated with career stress. Methods: The subjects were 7,155 high school students in Seoul. Data were stratified random samples from Seoul student health examinations in 2010. Chi-square, trend test and multiple logistic regression were conducted. Results: Fifty six percent of subjects had career stress. Career stress, after adjusting for confound variables was associated with a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for sociodemographic characteristics including females (OR=1.34), 12th graders (OR=1.56), 11th graders (OR=1.50), south area (OR=1.47), and northeast area (OR=1.40), for conflict at school or with family including violent threats made by family members or schoolmates (OR=2.00), thoughts of running away from home (OR=1.45), and needing of counseling for agony (OR=5.45), and for health-risk behaviors including sleep ${\leq}6$ hours/day (OR=1.23), nonuse of seat belts or protective euipment (OR=1.50), and frequently viewing pornography or chatting on adult Web sites (OR=1.23). Conclusion: Stress-coping skills and intervention strategies will be needed to enhance students' positive and to help them cope with psychosocial conflicts at school and with their families, and with health-risk behaviors, including sleep deprivation and nonuse of safety measures, including seat belts and protective.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.440-450
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• 2019

본 연구는 초등학교 고학년과 중학교 1학년을 대상으로 이들이 지각한 부모양육태도가 자아존중감에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 경기지역에 소재한 초등학교 5, 6학년과 중학교 1학년 등 220명을 대상으로 실문조사를 실시하였다. 회수된 설문지 중에서 답변이 불성실하거나 응답이 누락된 설문지 22부를 제외하고 총 188부를 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구대상자 아동의 일반적 특성을 알아보기 위해 기술통계를 실시하였으며, 연구대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 부모양육태도와 자아존중감의 차이를 살펴보기 위해 t-test와 일원분산분석, 상관분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 일반적 배경에 다른 아동이 지각한 부모양육태도와 자아존중감의 관계에서는 아버지에 비하여 어머니의가 더 높은 관계로 나타났다. 아동의 학년에 따라서 부모양육태도, 자아존중감 간에는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 아버지의 양육태도 중 애정적 태도가 높을수록 어머니의 거부적 과잉보호적 태도가 낮게 나타나며 애정적 태도가 높아짐을 의미한다. 그리고 부모양육태도의 하위요인 중에서 애정적 태도와 과보호적 태도가 자아존중감에 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 아버지양육태도의 애정적 태도가 아동의 자아존중감에 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine how many plant names elementary school children how, and what kind of criteria they use for classifying these plants. The sample involved 926 students from the 2nd, the 4th, and the 6th grades dwelling in one urban, three suburban, and six rural areas. Their level of perception on the name of plants increased in correlation to the elevation of the grade level. However, different patterns of increases were shown depending on the local environments in which they live. The most well-known plant names for students were the rose of Sharon, the rose and the pine tree. The students mostly classified the plants using the following criteria such as 'with or without flower' and 'edible or inedible' regardless as to whether they had prior loaming experience of plant classification. 65.3% of the 6th graders correctly grouped 5 kinds of plants into the flowering and the non-flowering plant categories at the 1st level of classification. However, only 17.9% and 7.7% correctly divided the flowering and the non-flowering plants into two subgroups at the 2nd level of classification respectively. Therefore, their abilities in plant classification was shown overall to be poor. The students living in suburban areas appeared to be harmonized with both the natural and urbanized surroundings and classified the plants more scientifically than those from the urban or rural areas were able to. This suggests that the conception of plant classification by children is affected by the environment in which they live. If children have more opportunities to observe plants in surroundings such as their classrooms and school gardens, it will help them to form the relevant scientific concepts as well as to correct any alternative conceptions related to classification.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.321-333
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine elementary school students' characteristics and difficulties in drawing and interpreting a line graph, and to present educational implications. Twenty five students(4th grader: 6, 5th grader: 9, and 6th grader: 10) at an elementary school participated in this study. We used a student's task which was about graphing on a given data table and interpreting his/her graph. The data table was on heating 200mL and 500mL of water and measuring their temperature at regular time intervals. We collected multiple source of data, and data analyzed based on the sub-variables of TOGS. The some results of this study are as follows: First, five children (20.0%), especially two of 10 sixth graders (20.0%), could not construct a line graph about a given data table. Second, twenty students (80.0%) had the ability on 'Scaling axes' and on 'Assigning variables to the axes', however, only a student understood why the time is on the longitudinal axis and the temperature is on the vertical axis. Third, in the case of 'Plotting points', twelve children (48.0%) could drew two graphs on a coordinate. Fourth, in the case of 'Selecting the corresponding value for Y (or X)', twenty student had little difficulty. on 'Describing the relationship between variables', seventeen students (68.0%) understood the relationship between time and temperature of water, and the relationship between temperature and amount of water. Finally, eleven students (44%) had the ability on 'Interrelating and extrapolation graphs.' Educational implications are also presented in this paper.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to assess the relationships between individual, social and physical environmental correlates and physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in Korean children. Methods: A total of 1,134 elementary school students (512 boys, $5^{th}$ and $6^{th}$ graders) in Seoul participated in the survey including self-reported moderate and vigorous intensity PA and SB as well as demographic and psychological correlates. These data were matched them with school- and community-level environmental data from the government sources. The relationships of the multilevel correlates with PA and SE were analyzed using gender-specific hierarchical regression analysis. Results: Boys were more active than girls, but there was no gender difference in SB. Students with higher levels of self-efficacy were more likely to participate in moderate and vigorous PA. There were gender-specific associations between social and physical environments correlates and PA. Boys with higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy were less likely to involve in SB. Girls in the $6^{th}$ grade were more likely to involve in SB. Conclusions: In order to encourage PA and discourage SB in children, school- and community-level environmental support should be considered along with programs to improve self-efficacy and self-esteem.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to examine the possibility of the contact with pornographs of elementary school boys and girls and to confirm responses after that, and to compare the feeling of sexual conflict between the boys and girls. Methods: The subjects were 952 5th and 6th graders of elementary school in four city areas(456 boys, 496 girls). Data collection was via questionnaires Results: Except several pupils(34.4% of boys, 27.4% of girls), most of subjects of the study had no contact with pornographs. The response after the contact with pornographs was feeling of shame the most, which was a negative reaction. The sexual conflict appeared more in pupils who had contact with pornographs than in those who had not boys(t=3.84, p<.000), girls(t=3.96, p<.000), which showed a significant difference. However, the conflict between boys and girls was not significant statistically. Conclusion: We would like to suggest that a sound control system must be prepared and a development of programs related to sexual education and promotion of ability fighting against them that can release their impulse of sex.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2016

The aim of this study is to identify whether the game addiction has an impact on their school adjustment and to verify the direct effects and moderating effects of parent-child Communication. The survey was conducted to the children who were 5th and 6th graders in Gwangju and Jeonnam. The responses from 304 subjects were analyzed. The analytic results are as the following. When verifying the impact of game addiction on their school adjustment, The game addiction was found as the key variable that has a negative impact on children's school adjustment. The results indicated that children with higher levels of game addiction more likely to have lower levels of school adjustment. The impact of parent-child Communication on their school adjustment was analyzed. The analytic results suggest that parent-child Communication has a impact on their school adjustment. In other words, higher parent-child Communication means higher school adjustment. The moderating effect of parent-child Communication was analyzed. The parent-child Communication check the moderating effect of do game addiction on their school adjustment. The Implications of these findings were discussed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.361-377
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to develop STEAM teaching materials about 'world of small organisms' unit on elementary science education and to apply lesson using them for the 5th and 6th graders. Compared to other STEAM programs studied previously, the STEAM teaching materials of this study includes students' STEAM, teachers' guide, story-telling books and multimedia teaching aids consisted of practical resources to manage STEAM lessons. The whole program was designed from multidisciplinary integration to extradisciplinary integration through activities making creative products, meanwhile each period had discretionary S, T, E, A, M factors specifically. To examine the effects of integrated lesson on scientific knowledge, process skills, and affective domain, the study subjects were divided into two groups. The experimental group was composed of 69 individuals participated in STEAM lesson, while students of the control group were 67 individuals learned through general learning methods. The developed STEAM teaching materials affected significantly on scientific knowledge and affective domain of elementary school students, but process skills were not increased significantly. In the present study, therefore, the approach applying STEAM education could be suggested as alternative learning materials or supplementary teaching materials at the field of small organisms in elementary science sufficiently.

• 아동학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.145-165
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between marital conflict, parental control and children's depression. The participants were composed of 243 elementary school 5th and 6th graders (of which 121 were boys and 122 were girls) from Gyeonggi-do province. They completed questionnaires on marital conflict, parental control and children's depression. The data were analyzed by means of Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. It was observed that marital conflict (content) had an effect on children's depression. Parental psychological control was also found to have an effect on children's depression. However, parental behavioral control did not appear to have an effect on children's depression. In addition marital conflict (frequency/content) had an effect on parental psychological control. Additionally, marital conflict (resolution) had an effect on parental behavioral control. It was further found that paternal psychological control and maternal psychological control partially mediated the relationship between marital conflict and children's depression. These results clearly indicate that parental psychological control plays an important role in marital conflict and children's depression.