• 한국안전학회지
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.50-59
• /
• 2009

Korea reached an aging society in 2000, and it is progressed quickly now. Government forecasts that the number of aged people over 65 years old will increase from 7.2%(2000) to above 14.3% among total population in 2018. Workers over fifty years old are increasing in construction field every year. These aged workers are exposed to various construction accidents, and also their accident rate is very high because of physical and psychological changes by aging. Specially, a disaster of aged workers more than 50 years old is fronted at the serious situation in the construction industry which has variable working environment. Thus, the purpose of this study is to suggest the precaution by analysing disaster characteristics of aged construction workers. Also, this study aims to present a basic counter-plan according to important safety management list which is abstracted from the work, aged construction workers' accident rate is high.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.13-29
• /
• 1986

This study was carried out to calculate working life expectancy and its potential gains according to the degree of reduction in the specific causes of death. It sought to ascertain what potential gains in labor force longevity might be reasonably achieved through efforts to reduce mortality from injuries and poisoning, diseases of circulatory system, neoplasms and the other causes of death. The data were drawn from the three sources such as "The 1982 Causes of Death Statistics," "Abridged Life Table for Korea 1978~'79" and "The 1982 annual Report of Economically Active Population" issued by Economic Planning Board. Analytical tools used in this study were the cause-deleted life table and the Wolfbein Wool's working life table method. Partial life expectancy was adopted as an index of this study, This application will be widely used as a good demographic tool for analyzing the dynamics of labor force and causes of death. Some of the findings are summerized as follows. 1. Partial life expectancies from initial age 15, 25, and 45 respectively to terminal age 65 are 44.86, 35.59 and 17.41 year in life expectancy itself, 37.08, 32.83 and 15.21 year in working life expectancy, 7.78, 2.76 and 2.20 years in inactive life years. 2. Potential gains in working expectancy from initial age 15, 25 and 45 to terminal age 65 by the complete elimination of the specific causes of death are 1.36, 0.94 and 0.27 years in injuries and poisoning, 0.88, 0.83 and 0.54 years in diseases of circulatory system, 0.56, 0.54 and 0.37 years in neoplasms, 1.13, 1.02 and 0.58 years in the other causes of death. The relationship between degree of reduction in causes of death and potential gains in working life years is in direct proportion. The prime orders of reduction effectiveness in age groups by the causes of death are injuries and poisoning in age 15-24, the other causes of death in age 25-49 and diseases of circulatory system in age 50 and over. 3. If it were possible to reduce 25%, 50% and 75% in mortality condition 1978~'79, the average length of working life would be 38.08, 39.13 and 40.17 years in age 15, and 33.68, 34.57 and 35.44 years in age 25, and 15.67, 16.14 and 16.63 years in age 45.

• 문화기술의 융합
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.607-617
• /
• 2023

이 연구에서는 내부 압력 변화의 변화와 소화기 사용연한 기간을 5년 신생, 5년 재생, 10년 신생, 13년 신생으로 산정하여 소화기의 성능이 겉보기비중 물성 시험 기준에 적합한지에 대해 분석하고자 한다. 실험 결과 소화기 내부 압력이 0%일 때, 사용연한 기간에 따른 분말소화기의 1차, 2차, 3차 산술 평균 분석 결과 모두 부적합으로 나타났다. 소화기의 내부 압력이 50%일 때 시료번호 12-8-신생에서 130ml로 측정되어 부적합으로 분석되었으며, 13년 신생 분말소화기의 시료번호 09-9-신생에서 145ml로 측정되어 부적합으로 분석되었다. 그 외 분말소화기는 모두 적합으로 분석되었다. 소화기의 내부 압력이 정상일 때 모두 적합하다고 분석되었으나, 13년 신생 분말 소화기의 시료 번호 09-06 신생에서 실험값이 131ml로 측정되어 부적합하다고 분석되었다. 실험을 분석한 결과 사용연한 10년부터 13년까지 분말소화약제 겉보기비중 시험에서 일부가 괴상화 현상으로 소화기 성능에 부적합 판정이 나왔기 때문에 분말소화기의 사용 연한을 기존 10년에서 7년 이하로 내구연한을 줄이는 방안을 고려해봐야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 복식
• /
• 제60권6호
• /
• pp.74-88
• /
• 2010

This study investigates the relevance between the subjective age and clothing shopping orientation by adults women located in the cities of Seoul and Gyeonggi. The results are following. First, subjective age was identified with interest age, look age, and physical age. Customers were segmented into following five subdivisions: young activity group, actual age group, young appearance group, physical aging group and youth-oriented group. When the study examined differences between real age and subjective age, the study could see that they perceived themselves younger four years than real age- 50s: 7 years, 40s: 5 years, the latter half of 30s: 2.7 years and the former half of 30s: 1.7 years. Second, clothing shopping orientation was identified with planned shopping orientation, leisure shopping orientation, loyal shopping orientation, economic shopping orientation and convenient shopping orientation. Customers were segmented into following three subdivisions: shopping low-involved group, loyal leisure group and planned leisure oriented group. Third, interest age was of no relevance to clothing shopping orientation. On the other hand, look age had negative correlation with leisure shopping orientation and convenient shopping orientation and physical age had a negative relationship with leisure shopping orientation and loyal shopping orientation but had positive correlation with economic shopping orientation. Fourth, in clothing purchase, clothing purchase answerers who were younger five years than actual age had the highest frequency. It means that they purchase clothing according to subjective age perceived younger four years on average.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제20권2호통권33호
• /
• pp.151-160
• /
• 2007

Objective : This study was performed to examine the patterns of skin disease in patients that had visited Dept. of Dermatology Hospital of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University. We also compared on disease, age and treatment. Methods : We analysed statistic study in 505 patients, who had visited to our hospital from July, 2005 to February, 2007. Results : The results were as follows; 1. Distribution of dermatology classification was 40.6%, males were 41 % and females were 59%. 2. Distribution of aging was 18.2% in 0-9 years old and 18.8% in 10-19 years old and 17.4% in 20-29 years old. 3. Common disease group were Atopic dermatitis (24.55%); Acne (10.89%); Eczema (10.89%); Urticaria (10.30%). 4. Distribution of treatment according to diagnosis were external preparation in atopic dermatitis, acne, eczema, dermatitis seborrheica ; herbal-medication in urticaria ; herbal-medication and external preparation in facial redness. 5. Distribution of treatment according to aging were external preparation in all group except 50-59 years old; acupuncture treatment in 20-29 years old; herbal-medication in 10-19 years old; consultation in 70-79 years old. Conclusion : This study suggests that oriental medical treatments is popular in dermatologic diseases, especially atopic dermatitis and acne. We have to take steps for effective management and treatment for special diseases and ages.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제31권8호
• /
• pp.1283-1294
• /
• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate nutritional status by anthropometric meas-urement and to assess the validity of indicators for nutritional status of preschool children. Health examinations, including blood and urine tests, were done for 799 childern aged 2 to 6 years. The mean anthropometric measurements of height, weight , head circumference, and chest circumference were 90.2cm, 13.9kg, 47.7cm, 50.9cm for 2 years (n=13), 94.8cm, 15.2kg, 43.3cm, 47.0cm for 3 years(n=125), 100.7cm, 16.4kg, 46.2cm, 50.5cm for 4 years(n=272), 106.5cm, 18.1kg, 48.8cm, 53.8cm for 5 years(n=253), 113.0cm 20.4kg, 50.4cm 56.9cm for 6 years(n=136), respectively. All anthropometric measureemnts were significantly different by age and sex. The results of physical examinations excluding dental examination were normal for all studied children. Urine test results were also normal for the subjects. The most common blood type was A and the rarest one was type AB. The mean hemoglobin concentration was 11.84g/dl for boys(n=398), 11.86g/dl for girls, and 11.85kg/dl for all. The percentage of childeren whose hemoglobin concentration was less than 11.0g/dl was 21.6% for boys and 18.9% for girls. The percentage of children whose height for age, weight for age, and weight for height were in the rang of median $\pm$1 standard devication(S.D) was 71.7% , 65.6%, and 67.0% for each indicator. Obese childeren whose weight for height or weigth for age was more than median +2S.D. were 5.2% while tall children whose height for age was more than median +2S.D, were 1.8% . Past and recent nutritional status of most children(87.2%) were assessed as normal by the combination of three indicators(height for age, weight for age, weight for height). The percentate of coincidence between for height) and one assessed by anthropometric measurements (height for age, weight for age, weight for height) and one assessed by physicial was 59.6%, 69.3% and 67.8% for each indicator, respectively. The distribution of subjects by height for age was significantly different between normal and anemic groups. With these results , the nutritional status of children the studied was normal. The anthropometric measurements reflected the nutritional status of childeren relatively well. In conclusion, in comparison with biochemical meausurements anthropometric measurements are relatively simple and effective indicators for nutritional assessement of children in large health and nutrition suveys in Korea.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제14권11호
• /
• pp.6905-6911
• /
• 2013

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the top cancer among women worldwide and the most frequent malignancy among Iranian women over the past few decades. The increasing trend and high mortality rate of BC in the developing world necessitates studies concentrating on its characteristics in countries in Asia. The current study focused on clinical and histopathological features of BC among Iranian females. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study involved 714 Iranian patients with histopathologically proven BC undergoing resection of primary tumours and axillary clearance. Demographic, clinical and histopathological data were obtained and studied between ten year age groups (${\leq}40$ years, 41-50 years, 51-60 years, 61-70 years, and ${\leq}71$ years) in four chronologic phases from 1994-2009. Results: Mean age of patients was $49.4{\pm}13.1$ years. Most of cases (33.2%) were in 41-50 group. Mean size of primary tumors was $3.94{\pm}2.47$ cm and 87.1% of cases had infiltrative ductal carcinoma. Modified radical mastectomy was the most common method of surgery carried out (48.8%). Some 57.1% of tumors were in pT2 and tumor size decreased significantly during the period (p<0.05). The most common BC stage was llla (27%). Lower BC stages (0 and 1) constituted 13.9% of the diagnosed tumors. Our series of patients aged ${\leq}40$ had larger tumors (mean $4.73{\pm}3.02$ cm) compared to older age groups (p=0.003). Lower stages (0 and I) were more frequent among the oldest patients while nearly 50% of patients aged ${\leq}40$ had tumor stage III. We also observed a significant decreasing trend in the mean LN count (p<0.05) and blood vessel invasion (p=0.023) from younger to older age groups. Conclusions: More aggressive disease for younger age groups, earlier peak incidence age and high rate of advanced BC at the time of diagnosis among Iranian women, were the main findings of this study.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.50-58
• /
• 2016

Objectives : This study was performed to find out the characteristics of outpatients and diseases in dermatology of Korean medicine and compare to previous studies.Methods : We reviewed the medical records of total 3,041 outpatients in dermatology of Korean medicine at Kyung Hee Korean medicine hospital from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015. We found out demographic characteristics of outpatients and observed the diseases in order of frequency by age and sex. Then, we compared these results to previous studies performed at same hospital in 2000 and 2007.Results and Conclusions : 1. Among the total 3,041 outpatients in 2011-2015, male patients were 1,184(38.87%) and female patients were 1,857(61.07%). 2. There were 203(6.68%) patients in 0-10 years old, 455(14.96%) patients in 11-20, 918(30.19%) patients in 21-30, 582(19.14%) patients in 31-40, 359(11.81%) patients in 41-50, 265(8.71%) patients in 51-60, and 259(8.52%) patients in more than 61 years old. 3. The common diseases in 2011-2015 were seborrheic dermatitis(17.33%), eczema(13.32%), urticaria(12.89%), atopic dermatitis(12.36%), pruritus(9.90%), acne(8.85%), and alopecia(6.08%). 4. The most common diseases by age groups were atopic dermatitis(0-10, 11-20 years old), seborrheic dermatitis(21-30, 31-40, 41-50 years old), urticaria(51-60 years old), and pruritus(more than 61 years old). 5. The common diseases in male patients were seborrheic dermatitis(20.69%), atopic dermatitis(15.46%), and urticaria(12.25%) and female patients were seborrheic dermatitis(15.19%), eczema(15.13%), and urticaria(13.30%). 6. The most increasing disease in the distribution between 2004-2006 and 2011-2015 is rosacea(+462.93%), and the most decreasing disease is vitiligo(-72.05%).

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.261-271
• /
• 2007

To provide necessary information for future environmental monitoring of storage batteries in Korea, authors analyzed environmental monitoring dataset of air lead concentration of 12 storage battery industries measured during 1989-2006. We calculated geometric mean and standard deviation with minimum and maximum value of each year dataset. Air lead concentration data were analyzed according to year of measurement, type of grid manufacturing method (grid casting type or expander type), size of industries and type of operation (casting, lead powder & pasting, assembly and others). The geometric mean and standard deviation of all lead industries for overall 18 years were $72{\mu}g/m^3$ and 3.65 with minimum of $6{\mu}g/m^3$ and maximum of $7,956{\mu}g/m^3$. The geometric mean air lead concentrations of years between 1989-1999 were above the Korean PEL($50{\mu}g/m^3$), whereas those of years after year 2000 were below the Korean PEL showing 50% of it. The geometric mean concentration of air lead was significantly lower in expander method battery industries than that of grid method battery industries and was lower in large sized battery industries than small & medium sized ones throughout the whole 18 years period. The distributions of over PEL($50{\mu}g/m^3$) were decreased by the years of environmental monitoring and those were lower in expander method battery industries than grid method battery industries. The significant reduction of mean air lead concentration during last 10 years may be induced partly due to more active environmental engineering control and new introduction of new operation in grid method battery industries, but may be also influenced by non-engineering method such as reduction of operation hours or reduction of exposure time during actual environmental measurement by industrial hygienist which is not concrete evidence, but just circumstantial evidence.

• The Korean journal of internal medicine
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.1182-1193
• /
• 2018

Background/Aims: Elderly patients (${\geq}80years$) with colorectal cancer (CRC) tend to avoid active treatment at the time of diagnosis despite of recent advances in treatment. The aim of this study was to determine treatment propensity of elderly patients aged ${\geq}80years$ with CRC in clinical practice and the impact of anticancer treatment on overall survival (OS). Methods: Medical charts of 152 elderly patients (aged ${\geq}80years$) diagnosed with CRC between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients' clinical characteristics, treatment modalities received, and clinical outcome were analyzed. Results: Their median age was 82 years (range, 80 to 98). Of 152 patients, 148 were assessable for the extent of the disease. Eighty-two of 98 patients with localized disease and 28 of 50 patients with metastatic disease had received surgery or chemotherapy or both. Surgery was performed in 79 of 98 patients with localized disease and 15 of 50 patients with metastatic disease. Chemotherapy was administered in only 24 of 50 patients with metastatic disease. Patients who received anticancer treatment according to disease extent showed significantly longer OS compared to untreated patients (localized disease, 76.2 months vs. 15.4 months, p = 0.000; metastatic disease, 9.9 months vs. 2.6 months, p = 0.001). Along with anticancer treatment, favorable performance status (PS) was associated with longer OS in multivariate analysis of clinical outcome. Conclusions: Elderly patients aged ${\geq}80years$ with CRC tended to receive less treatment for metastatic disease. Nevertheless, anticancer treatment in patients with favorable PS was effective in prolonging OS regardless of disease extent.