• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.801-810
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• 2004

The Primal-Dual Interior-Point (PDIP) method is currently one of the fastest emerging topics in optimization. This method has become an effective solution algorithm for large scale nonlinear optimization problems. such as the electric Optimal Power Flow (OPF) and natural gas and electricity OPF. This study describes major theoretical developments of the PDIP method as well as practical issues related to implementation of the method. A simple quadratic problem with linear equality and inequality constraints

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9891-9898
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• 2014

Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop scales for the assessment of fatigue in pediatric oncology patients aged 13-18 and also for their parents. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data, we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Fatigue Scale, Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach alpha coefficient, factor analysis and ROC analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent form was 0.99, the total factor load was 0.72-0.94 with 95% the total variance being explained. The cutoff point of the parent form is 73 points. The total Cronbach alpha value of the child form was 0.99, the total factor load was 0.82-0.95, with 89.4% of the total variance being explained. The cutoff point of the child form was 75.5 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 and the Scale for the Assessment of Fatigue in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 13-18 for Parents are valid and reliable instruments in assessing the fatigue symptoms of children in Turkey.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.523-529
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• 2015

Background: This study was planned in an attempt to develop a scale for the quality of life in pediatric oncology patients aged 7-12, with child and parents forms. Materials and Methods: In collecting the study data, we used the Child and Parent Information Form, Visual Quality of Life Scale, Scale for Quality of Life Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 and the Scale for the Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 for Parents. We also used Pearson correlation analysis, the Cronbach alpha coefficient, factor analysis and ROC analysis for the study data. Results: In this study, the total Cronbach alpha value of the parent form was 0.96, the total factor load being 0.54-0.90 and the total variance explained was 82.5%. The cutoff point of the parent form was 93 points. The total Cronbach alpha value for the child form was 0.96, with a total factor load of 0.55-0.91 and the total variance being explained was 78.3%. The cutoff point of the child form was 65 points. Conclusions: This study suggests that the Scale for Quality of Life in Pediatric Oncology Patients Aged 7-12 Child and Parents Forms are valid and reliable instruments in assessing the quality of life of children.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2010

본 연구는 열교환기의 가열된 표면위에 부착된 지열수 스케일의 조도 영향을 검증하기 위한 강제 대류 열전달에 관한 실험적 연구이다. 실험은 원형 원관 위에 5종류의 실리카 스케일 입자를 균일하게 부착하여 행하였다. Reynolds수는 13,000에서 50,000의 범위에서 행하였다. 국소와 평균 열전달 특성은 스케일 입자 크기와 레이놀즈수의 함수로서 측정하였으며 평균오염저항을 이들의 결과로부터 평가하고 그들의 특성들을 분석 하였다. 원관의 열전달 특성은 지열수 스케일의 오염에 의해, 특히 입자 크기에 의해 크게 변화하였다. 또한 국소와 평균 Nusselt수는 원관 간격과 Reynolds 수에 의해 크게 의존 되었다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2023

This study is meaningful in figuring out how much the Korean people's awareness of hanok has increased even though interest in hanok has also increased due to the Korean Wave craze. Therefore, with respect to the exterior of hanok, which is visually recognized first, the level of experts and ordinary people is grasped through a semantic discrimination scale, and the degree of visual recognition is to be investigated centering on the color image of hanok buildings. This is the process of thinking about how the Korean image should be reflected in the design, and we want to suggest the direction that modern hanok should go. The study compared and analyzed the difference in visual color based on the elevation of the hanok using a 7-point and 5-point scale method for the general public and experts, and utilized the IRI adjective vocabulary scale and the color matching image scale to construct new hanoks with insufficient differences in appearance and shape. It can be applied to design and image preservation and construction of existing hanok.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.24-35
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• 1997

디지털 위성 방송의 비디오 화질 의 주관적 평가 시험을 MPEG-2 MP@ML 표준에 기초하여 설계된 하드웨어 부호화기/복호화기 기본 화질 평가와 위성 전송 에러 화질 및 전송 시스템 성능에 따른 화질 열화에 대한 시험을 위성 시뮬레이터(Satellite Simulator)를 사용해 실시간에서 수행하였다. 평가 방법으로는 CCIR 500-5의 2중 자극 열화 척도법과 2중 자극 연속 화질 척도법을 사용하였다. 또한 디지털 위성 방송 시스템의 화질을 전체 시스템 즉 MPEG-2코덱, 다중화 장치, 채널 코덱, 변복조기, 안테나 등을 연계시켜 여러 비트율과 비트 오류율에서 평가 시험을 수행함으로써 시스템 전반적인 성능을 평가하고 위성 전송로와 수신 시스템을 연계한 전송로 환경을 고려한 보다 통합적인 화질 평가 시험을 수행하였다. 특히 전송로 오류 화질 평가에 있어서 주어진 5가지의 BER에 대하여 전송 에러 화질은 평균적으로 5단계 카테고리에서 3.9이상을 유지함을 알 수 있었다. 필름 모드와 같은 낮은 비트율(특히 2Mbps)에서 코덱 시스템의 부호화 화질의 성능은 영상 소스의 통계적 성질에 따라 크게 좌우됨을 알 수 있었고 평균적으로 절대 평가 기준에서 2.7정도를 기록하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.116-125
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are to identify the degree of exercise intent and behavior and to determine factors influencing exercise and behavior in middle school students. The subjects for this study were 658 middle school students in Chonbuk area. The data were obtained by questionaire for the period from Nov. 1 to Dec. 20, 1990. The instrument used for the study were included 6 existing scales and 2 scales developed by the researcher for this study. They are: 1) The exercise intent scale to assess the exercise plan even when they had no longer physical education. 2) The current exercise behavior to measure of exercise frequency for 1 week. 3) The scale to measure the level of self -esteem. 4) The scale to measure the level of knowledge about exercise. 5) The scale to measure the level of the perceived ability to make commitment. 6) The scale to measure the level of the perceived benifit of exercise. 7) The scale to measure the level of the perceived athletic ability. 8) The scale to measure the level of the attitude toward physical education. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, one way ANOVA, Pearson Coeffecients Correlation and stepwise multiple regression. The following; results were obtained. 1. Exercise intent level was in the intermediate range(mean on five point scale of 3.66, with 1 = definitely no). 2. The current exercise behavior level was relatively low(mean=1.77, with l=less than once per week and 4 = 4 or more times per week). 3. Self -esteem levels were in the intermediate range(mean on five point scale of 2.96, a mean of 5.0 indicate highest level of self-esteem.) 4. The levels of perceived ability to make commitments were in the intermediate range(mean=3.05, with 5.0 as most able). 5. The levels of perceived exercise as benificial were relatively high(mean=3.72, with 5.0 as most benificial). 6. Knowledge levels about exercise were realatively high(mean=3.97, with 5.0 as most knowledgeable). 7. The levels of perceived athletic ability were in intermediate range(mean=3.01, with 5.0 as highest score). 8. The levels of attitudes toward physical education were in the intermediate range(mean=3.29, with 5.0 as most favorable). 9. Among the general characteristic variables, sex, interest sports activities were related to the difference of exercise intent levels. 10. Of the predictor variables analyzed, self - esteem, perceived benifit of exercise, perceived athletic ability, knowledge about exercise and attitude about physical education correlated significantly and positively with exercise intent. Correlations of predictors with current exercise behavior were similiar to exercise intent, exept knowledge about exercise. 11. The stepwise multiple regression analysis shows findings as follows: 1) The most important factor to explain the difference of exercise intent was current exercise behavior. 2) The most improtant factor to explain the difference of current exercise behavior was perceived athletic ability.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to identify the actual utilization condition of combi-steam ovens and to evaluate the importance and the satisfaction of dietitians and cooks who used the oven in school foodservice. A survey of 300 schools, 1 dietitian and 1 cook from each school respectively; total 600, was conducted and 202 completed questionnaires were available for the purpose of the statistical evaluation. The main results of this study were summarized as follows: Among the schools, 70.5% set up the oven during 2007~2009, the most commonly used cooking method was 'Baking (87.0%)' and the way of acquiring recipes for the oven was 'from oven manufacturing company (50.0%)'. The advantage of using the oven was 'the convenient use of the oven (63.3%)' and the disadvantage was 'Difficulty of cooking foods evenly (59.8%)'. The degree of importance and satisfaction on twenty six attributes were measured according to type of school, location of school, number of meal service per day, and number of total serving per day. Among quality attributes of importance of the oven utilization, 19/18 characteristics were assessed over 4 point (important) out of 5 scale by dietitians/cooks respectively and in satisfaction 16/18 were over 4 points (satisfied) by dietitians/cooks respectively. When it comes to the most satisfied factor of combi-steam oven, 'Improvement of cooking baked foods' was highest for dietitians (4.60 point) and 'Checking temperature of cooked foods' was for cooks (4.49 point). In overall satisfaction of the oven use, the average score was 4.10 point for dietitians, 3.98 point for cooks out of a 5 point scale. Using the survey results as a base, school foodservices are required to use the combi-steam oven efficiently to serve high quality of meals for students.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1991

The purpose of this study is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics and the flow structure in the case of rectangular air jet impinging vertically on the flat heating surface. The maximum value of Nusselt number at stagnation point is observed at H/B=10. It is found that this trend has been caused by the effect of stretching of large scale vortex in the stagnation region. For potential core region the Nusselt number distribution in the downstream of the stagnation point decreases gradually and begins to increase at about X/B=3. From the flow visualization it could be seen that small eddy produced from the nozzle edge grows in large scale and that large scale eddy disturbed the thermal boundary layer on the heating plate. The local average Nusselt number becomes maximum at X/B=0.5 regardless of H/B variation.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2007

The objective of this paper is to calculate the minimum scale of management for transportation business in order to achieve a form of enterprise. In this study the tracking minimum scale of business is the minimum number of operating trucks. Transportation companies should ensure the number of trucks for a type of business model rather than a means of livelihood model. The method to calculate the minimum number of trucks for the transportation business model can use an approach of either the qualitative and the quantitative technique. This study chooses the quantitative technique to calculate the minimum number of trucks through the analysis of break-even point.