• 대한한의학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2005

Objectives : Electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia has been known to be mediated through the activation of opioid, noradrenergic and serotonergic receptors. However, little study on serotonergic mechanism has been performed in an animal model of chronic pain. The present study was designed to elucidate the type of serotonergic receptors responsible for EA analgesia in the chronic pain model. Methods : In rats with complete Freund's: adjuvant-induced inflammation and spinal nerve injury, spinal wide dynamic range (WDR) cell responses to graded electrical stimulation of afferent C fiber were recorded before and after spinal application of selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) receptor antagonists. EA stimulation (2Hz, 0.5msec, 3mA) was applied to the contralateral Zusanli point for 30 min. Results : In both models of chronic pain, WDR cell responses were greatly inhibited after EA stimulation. EA-induced inhibition of WDR celt responses was significantly attenuated by spinal application of non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonist, dihydroergocristine Of 5-HT receptor antagonists tested, 5-HT1A (WAY 100635) and 5-HT2 (LY53857) receptor antagonists strongly reduced an ability of EA stimulation to inhibit WDR cell responses. However, 5-HT1B (GR55562) and 5-HT3 (LY278584) receptor antagonists also had weak but significant blocking action on EA-induced inhibitory effect on chronic pain. Conclusions : Dorsal hem cell responses, afferent C fiber stimulation, chronic pain, electroacupuncture, serotonergic receptors.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.155-159
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects of Sophorae Radix and the effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT-29). We used human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29 cells. We examined cell death by MTT assay and caspase 3 assay with Sophorae Radix. To examine the inhibitory effects of Sophorae Radix, cell cycle (sub G1) analysis was done the HT-29 cells after three days with Sophorae Radix. The reversibility of Sophorae Radix was examined on one day to five days treatment with $150{\mu}g$ Sophorae Radix. Sophorae Radix inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in a dose-dependent fashion. Also we showed that Sophorae Radix induced apoptosis in HT-29 cells by MTT assay, caspase 3 assay and sub-G1 analysis. Sophorae Radix combined with 5-FU markedly inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells compared to Sophorae Radix or 5-FU alone. After 3 days treatment of HT-29 cells with Sophorae Radix, the fraction of cells in sub-G1 phase was much higher than that of the control group. Our findings provide insight into unraveling the effects of Sophorae Radix in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and developing therapeutic agents against colorectal cancer.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.313-313
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• 2010

The performance of polymer photovoltaic cells based on blends of poly(3-hexylyhiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) is strongly influenced by blend composition and thickness. Polymer photovoltaic cells based on bulk-heterojunction have been fabricated with a structure of ITO/poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)-pentacene/poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al. We have prepared PEDOT:PSS by dissolving pentacene in N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) and mixing with PEDOT:PSS. Pentacene was added a maximum concentration of approximately 5.5mg to the PEDOT:PSS solution and sonicated for 10 min. Active layer (P3HT:PCBM) (1:1) was strongly influenced by PEDOT:PSS-pentacene. We have investigated the performance of photovoltaic device with different concentration of P3HT:PCBM (1:1) 2.0wt%, 2.2wt%, 2.4wt% and 2.6wt%, respectively. The photocurrent and power conversion efficiency (PCE) showed a maximum between 2.0wt% and 2.2wt% concentration of P3HT:PCBM. This implied that both morphology and electron transport properties of the layer influenced the performance of the present photovoltaic cells. As the concentration of P3HT:PCBM blends as an active layer was increased, the power conversion efficiency was decreased. P3HT:PCBM layer and PEDOT:PSS-pentacene layer were characterized by work function, UV-visible absorption, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM).

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2007

We studied on possibility of the application of photolithography technique to patterning the organic active layer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). In the case of selective etching method, we made thin oxide film on P3HT thin film using $O_2$ treatment. We achieved the field-effect mobilities in the saturation regime ${\sim}1.2{\times}10^{-3}\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, $I_{on/off}$ ratios ${\sim}10^5$ in the selective etching method, ${\sim}7.4{\times}10^{-4}cm^2/V{\cdot}s$, $I_{on/off}$ ratios ${\sim}5{\times}10^3$ in the lift-off one. These values are higher than ones of the unpatterned P3HT-based OTFTs. On the basis of the above results, we demonstrate the photolithographic patterning for P3HT active layer is successfully carried out without degradation of P3HT.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.146-154
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• 2004

Objective:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. Although the biological basis of ADHD is unknown, family studies provide strong evidence that ADHD has a genetic basis. Recent genetic studies have suggested associations between ADHD and serotonin 1B(5HT1B) receptor gene G861C polymorphism. The aim of this study is to test for the association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in Korean population. Method:We processed DNA extraction and genotyping. 106 Korean children with ADHD and their parents were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR). And the ADHD children were compared with 212 age and gender matched normal controls. Results:There was no statistical difference of distributions between ADHD cases and controls. We did not observe any preferential transmission of alleles of 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in ADHD. Conclusions:Though there is the possibility of failing to detect small genetic effects, our results show no evidence of an association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in the Korean population and indicate that it is unlikely that the 5HT1B receptor is implicated in the susceptibility to ADHD.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.144-154
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• 2016

HT-PEMFC (high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell) using PA (phosphoric acid) doped PBI (polybenzimidazole) membrane has been researched for extending the lifetime. However, the existing work on durability of HT-PEMFC focuses on identifying degradation causes of lab scale. The short life time of HT-PEMFC is still the problem for its commercialization. In this paper, an operating method to maximize life time of 5kW HT-PEMFC stack are proposed. The proposed method includes major steps such as minimization of OCV (Open Circuit Voltage) exposure, control of the proper stack temperature, and N2 purging for the stack. This long life operating method was based on the fragmentary results of degradation from previous research works. Experimentally, the 5 kW homemade HT-PEMFC stack was operated for a long time based on the proposed method and the stack successfully can operate within the desired degradation rate for the target life time.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제56권4호
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• pp.205-208
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• 2016

The aim of the present study is to investigate the potential influence of obesity as a factor in 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) dogs. Fifty-five client-owned dogs were enrolled in a randomized trial. Dogs were classified by echocardiography into healthy (control), mild, and moderate to severe MMVD groups. Each group was subclassified by using a 9-point body condition score (BCS); lean (BCS 5-6/9) and obese groups (BCS 7.5-9/9). Dogs with moderate to severe MMVD had lower serotonin (5-HT) concentrations than the control group (p = 0.03). Dogs with moderate to severe MMVD (p = 0.017) had lower serum 5-HT concentrations than the control group in the obese group (BCS 7.5-9/9). Significant difference was found between the lean and obese groups (p = 0.015) which are not consider severe in the MMVD group. These results suggested that 5-HT concentration was decreased with the increasing severity of MMVD, and obesity might be taken into consideration when interpreting the serotonin concentration in MMVD dogs.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.426-433
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• 2008

We first demonstrated simultaneous patterning and passivation of P3HT active layer with photosensitive PVA. The passivation layers were obtained by annealing the organic layers after developing PVA and subsequent over-etching the P3HT layer. The fabricated OTFTs were electrically characterized. The OTFTs exhibited the mobility of ${\sim}5.9{\times}10^{-4}\;cm^2/V{\cdot}s$ and on/off current ratio of ${\sim}10^4$. After passivation, the results showed the extended lifetime of ${\sim}250$ hours with photosensitive PVA layer.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.262-267
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• 2007

The serotonin 6(5-HT6) receptor gene is a candidate gene for influencing the clinical response to treatment with antidepressants. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the C267T polymorphism in the 5-HT6 receptor gene and the treatment response to citalopram in a Korean population with major depressive disorder(MDD). Methods : Citalopram was administered for 8 weeks to the 90 patients who completed study. 21-item Hamilton depression rating scale(HAMD-21) was used as a outcome measure. Results : We found that the genotype, allele, and allele-carrier distributions did not differ significantly between MDD patients and normal controls. A main effect of an interaction of genotype with time on the decrease in the HAMD-21 score during the 8 weeks study period was not found. ANOVA revealed no significant effects of the C825T polymorphism on the decrease in the HAMD-21 score at each time period. Conclusions : These results suggest that the C267T polymorphism in the 5-HT6 receptor gene is not associated with the treatment response to citalopram.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2004

Objectives:Tardive dyskinesia(TD) is a serious side effect associated with long-term antipsychotic treatments. Some candidate genetic polymorphisms were reported to be associated with TD and possible involvement of serotonergic receptors in the pathophysiology of TD has been suggested. In the present study, we investigated the association between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD with schizophrenia. Methods:To investigate the relationship between $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism and TD, 60 patients with TD were compared with 60 patients without TD. The 267C/T allele of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene was genotyped by means of polymerase chain reaction method. TD was evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS). Results:The patients with the three 267C/T genotype showed no significant differences in age, gender, and duration of illness. No significant difference in genotype frequencies was observed between schizophrenic patients with and without TD. In addition, there was no difference in allele frequencies. Further analysis with an measure of AIMS scores showed that these scores were not significantly influenced by the $5-HT_6$ receptor gene polymorphism. Conclusion:These results suggest that 267C/T polymorphism of $5-HT_6$ receptor gene is not significantly associated with susceptibility to TD in schizophrenia.