• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-50
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the gap between need-level and demonstration-level in nursing managerial competencies. In addition, the study proposes solutions to narrow this gap. The results of this study are as follows : 1) The mean score for need-level of each item was 4.0, and for demonstration-level, 3.5. This indicates that military hospital head nurses demonstrate a higher level of managerial competencies than the moderate level on all items. But items which were related to resource/ cost/ information managament, staff development management and professionalism management got relatively low ratings in the need-level. 2) The mean score for need-level of each category was 4.14, and for demonstration-level, 3.53. Categories on the individual dimension got a higher rating than categories on the group or organization dimension in both need-level and demonstration level. 3) The gap between need-level and demonstration-level appeared in all items(p<.05) and categories(p<.001). Although the gap was relatively low, it indicates that it is essential to plan a developmemt program for all nursing management competencies for military hospital head nurses. 4) There were significant differences in the gap between need-level and demonstration-level according to specific characteristics of the subjects. The gap did not appear in many categories on the individual dimension where the number of nursing staff was more than 10, a major grade, ICU head nurse or for head nurses having a long career. 5) Need-level and demonstration-level showed a difference according to specific characteristics of the subjects, because need-level and demonstration-level were higher where the number of nursing staff was more than 10, a major grade, and for ICU or Medical ward head nurses. The categories which showed need-level difference and demonstration-level differences according to specific characteristics of the subjects existed almostly completely in the group and organization dimension. Gap-level differences according to the number of hospital bed existed in only two categories. 6) The general causes of the gap were indicated to be 'Knowledge/ skill/ experience deficit', 'Limitation of rules and systems/ Inappropriate organizational environment' for most items, categories, and dimensions. The results of this study indicate that extensive competency developing strategies must be developed, because a gap was found in all items and categories. Specially, there is a need to concentrate attention on competencies in the group and organizational dimension which had a wider gap level. And it is important to take an individual approach according to the cause for each gap. In order to produce effective competency developing strategies, top managers must have sinsights into the importance of nursing staff development and nursing officer's efforts to develop themselves must be achieved. Further multi-dimensional(education, personnel-policy, nursing/ organizational environment) solutions to the gap must be developed and utilized.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.329-337
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• 2007

In this study, the interest of female high school students's(N=500) for weight control, as well as nutrient intake status, were analyzed. The mean age, height, and weight of the subjects were, 19.3 years, 162.2 cm and 55.4 kg respectively. Mean BMI was $21.1 kg/m^2$. According to BMI, the percentage of underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese were 18.5 %, 60.3%, 11.3%, and 11.3% respectively. By the BMI criteria, 60.3% of the subjects were normal weight while the rate of self-recognition was 41.5%. The degree of satisfaction regarding self-body image was only 17.1% and 60.9% showed an interest in weight control. The reason for weight reduction were appearance(65.1 %) and health(24.2%). The body areas where subjects wanted to lose weight included the thighs(32.9%) and whole body(29.3%). They believed the most effective weight control strategy was exercise(81.1 %) and the strategies they used were diet(59.1 %) and exercise(40.4%). Energy intake was 1,733.4 kcal which was 86.7% of the estimated energy requirements(EER). Calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin C intakes were less than EAR by 34.4%, 40.4%, and 59.6% respectively. The intake of dietary fiber was 5.1 g only 21.1 % of the adequate intake(AI). In summary, high school females interested in weight control have significantly less calcium intake than their peers. The correlations between interest in weight control and weight and BMI were significant(p<0.001). The results of this study suggest that to achieve optimal growth, improved diets that include calcium, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin C are recommended. High school females interested in weight control should especially be targeted for education on calcium intake.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2022

In this study, we investigated the water quality and fish community of the Gudam Wetland, a riverine wetland in the middle-upper reaches of the Nakdong River, during March-October 2020. The main results were as follows: average annual flow rate: 45.0±23.7 m³/s, flow velocity: 0.4±0.3 m/s, water depth: 1.4±0.4 m, water temperature: 17.5±0.8℃, pH: 7.8±0.2, electrical conductivity: 121.6±19.0 ㎲/cm, dissolved oxygen concentration: 11.4±0.9 mg/L, suspended solids concentration: 3.8±2.0 mg/L, and the water quality was classified as Ia (very good). A total of 754 individual fish belonging to 4 orders, 7 families, and 19 species were investigated. Cyprinidae was the dominant group, with 13 species. The dominant species was Zacco platypus (39.3%), followed by Pseudogobio esocinus (17.5%). There were 8 (42.1%) endemic Korean species and 1 exotic species, Micropterus salmoides. Four species were carnivores, six were insectivores, and nine were omnivores. Regarding tolerance to environmental changes, 6 species were tolerant, 11 had intermediate tolerance, and 2 were sensitive. Fish community analysis revealed dominance of 0.57, diversity of 2.04, evenness of 0.69, and richness of 2.72, indicating a diverse and stable fish community. The fish assessment index showed that the assessment class was B (average 62.5), which was higher than that of major streams of the Nakdong River (class C). For sustainable conservation of the Gudam Wetland, management strategies such as minimizing aggregate collection and preventing inflow of non-point pollutants are required.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.497-509
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• 1988

Current therapy of aortic dissections remains unstandardized because of the relative rarity of these catastrophic events and conflicting reported results of various therapeutic strategies. Hence, we reviewed our current results and planned to purify our method of interpretation of results and so, to standardize therapeutic managements. This study comprised unselected, consecutive 27 patients with aortic dissections who were operated at Seoul National University Hospital from Jan 1983 to March 1988. The results from analysis of their preoperative, operative and postoperative finding were as follows: 1] 7 patients had acute type A, 14 had chronic type A, 4 had acute type B, and 2 had chronic type B. 2] The causes of dissections were unclear, but 8 patients had Marfan`s syndromes, 2 had previous operative histories on cardiovascular systems and 2 had congenital heart diseases. 3] Multiple preoperative variables were found to correlate significantly with operative mortality and complications. The prevalences of such preoperative major complicating factors were significantly more frequent in acute than chronic [P < 0.05] and type A than type B [P < 0.01]. 4] Operations were performed according to the type of the dissections and whether it was acute or chronic. Usually dacron tube graft replacements were performed[25/26]. Intraluminal sutureless graft replacement was performed in 11 patients. Of the 14 patients with combined aortic regurgitation, concomitant aortic valve resuspension in 4, seperative aortic valve replacement in 1, and aortic valve replacement with coronary reimplantation were performed in 9 patients. 2 patients had concomitant arch vessel managements. 5] Over-all operative mortality rate was 33% and 54% for acute type A, 25% for acute type B, 29% for chronic type A, 0% for chronic type B respectively. The main causes of operative mortality were cardiovascular complications [mainly CPB-weaning failure] in acute cases and hemorrhagic complications in chronic cases.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships among health empowerment and health behavior compliance on quality of life and identify the factors that influence on quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease. Participants in this study were 180 patients with coronary artery disease in the Intervention of Cardiology of a general hospital in S city. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression using the SPSS Win. 22.0 program. The result of the multiple regression indicates the health behavior compliance, gender, health empowerment and educational level predict 23.4%(F=5.17, p=.024) in quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop programs a health behavior compliance and health empowerment use specific strategies to improve quality of life for patients with coronary artery disease.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.225-237
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, self-reported climacteric symptoms and depression on a cross-sectional survey desist The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were nonhystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60. They were selected in Seoul and Kyoung-ki province. Korea. Data were collected from Oct. 25 to Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured Questionnaire. The instrument used for this study was the revised Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist and Pender, revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai, and the Beck's Depression Inventory(BID). The data were analyzed by the SPSS /PC$^{＋}$ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low(2.42$\pm$0.35). There were statistically significant difference in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background. family income, marital satisfaction, and whether or not taking a restoraitve food(t ＝－2.07, F＝2.60~7.57, p＜0.05). 2. The mean score of self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69 ; 99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statistically significant difference in the score of middle-aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormone replacement therapy(HRT) or consultation experience with a professional, and perceived health status(t＝－2.04~3.69. F＝2.87~11.63, p＜0.05). 3. The mean score of depression was 10.84. There were statistically significant differences in the score of the depression according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving menopausal treatment or consultation by a professional, and perceived health status(t ＝－2.25~3.00, F＝3.50~9.24, p＜0.05). 4. Women's degree of health promoting behaviors was a negative correlation with the degree of climacteric symptoms(r＝－0.19, p＝0.03) and the degree of depression(r＝－0.23, p＝0.01). The degree of climacteric stmptoms was a positive correlation with the degree of depression(r＝0.64 p＝0.01). In conclusion. health promoting behavior should be considered when developing nursing strategies for middle-aged women. especially when dealing with climacteric symptoms and depression.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

The abundance of multi-drug resistance ATPase binding cassette and deranged self-renewal pathways shown in cancer stem cells (CSCs) played a crucial role in tumorigenesis, tumor resistance, tumor recurrence, and tumor metastasis. Therefore, elucidation of CSCs biology can improve diagnosis, enable targeted treatment, and guide the follow up of GI cancer patients. In order to achieve chemoquiescence, seizing cancer through complete ablation of CSCs, CSCs are rational targets for the design of interventions that will enhance responsiveness to traditional therapeutic strategies and contribute in the prevention of local recurrence as well as metastasis. However, current cancer treatment strategies fail to either detect or differentiate the CSCs from their non-tumorigenic progenies mostly due to the absence of specific biomarkers and potent agents to kill CSCs. Recent advances in knowledge of CSCs enable to produce several candidates to ablate CSCs in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, especially cancers originated from inflammation-driven mutagenesis such as Barrett's esophagus (BE), Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric cancer, and colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Our research teams elucidated through revisiting old drugs that proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and potassium competitive acid blocker (p-CAB) beyond authentic acid suppression, chloroquine for autophage inhibition, sonic hedgehog (SHH) inhibitors, and Wnt/β-catenin/NOTCH inhibitor can ablate CSCs specifically and efficiently. Furthermore, nanoformulations of these molecules could provide an additional advantage for more selective targeting of the pathways existing in CSCs just like current molecular targeted therapeutics and sustained action, while normal stem cells intact. In this review article, the novel approach specifically to ablate CSCs existing in GI cancers will be introduced with the introduction of explored mode of action.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to figure out related factors to the self-reported climacteric symptoms and the relationship among the health promoting behaviors, climacteric symptoms and degree of Sanhujori, the Korean traditional postpartal care. A cross-sectional survey design was employed in this study. The subjects were 108 middle-aged women who were non-hystrectomized and ranged in age from 40 to 60 years. They were selected in seoul and Kyoung-ki province, Korea, Data were collected from Oct.25 Nov. 10, 1997 by a structured questionnaire. The instruments used for this study were the revised health Promotion Lifestyle(HPLP) developed by Walker, Sechrist & Pender, and revised Climacteric Symptoms Scale developed by Chi, Sung Ai. the data were analyzed by the SPSS/$PC^+$ program using t-test, ANOVA and Scheffe test as a post hoc and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean score of health promoting behaviors was low($2.42{\pm}0.35$). There were statistically significant differences in the score of health promoting behaviors according to the educational background, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not taking a restorative food and degree of Sanhujori, especially the period (t=-2.07, F=2.60~7.57, p<0.05). 2. The mean score of score self-reported climacteric symptoms was 1.69%;99% of middle-aged women had symptoms. There were statically significant differences in the score of middle -aged women's self-reported climacteric symptoms according to the age, number of children, educational background, occupation, family income, marital satisfaction, whether or not receiving hormon replacement therapy (HRT) or consultation by a professional, perceived health status and self evaluation of Sanhujori(t=-2.04~3.69, F=2.87~11.63, p<0.05). 3. women's degree of Sanhujori was a positive correlation with health promoting behaviors(r=0.34, p=0.00) and negative correlation with the degree of self-reported climacteric symptoms(r=-0.19,p=0.03). 4. The influencing factors to the climacteric symptoms were self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status among the health promoting behaviors with 57% of variance($R^2$=0.57). 5. The middle-aged women's type of coping pattern for the climacteric symptoms was classified as active behavioral coping, spiritual & psychological coping, and negative coping. In conclusion, to intervene the middle aged women's climacteric symptoms and develop nursing strategies for their health, health promoting behavior, especially ; self actualization, interpersonal support, and perceived health status should be considered. And, as the primary prevention strategy for women's health during the period of childbearing and also middle age, especially for the climacteric symptoms, Sanhujori should be reconsidered.

• Korean Circulation Journal
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• v.54 no.8
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• pp.485-496
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• 2024

Background and Objectives: Angiographic assessment of coronary stenosis severity using quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) is often inconsistent with that based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) or intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). We investigated the incidence of discrepancies between QCA and FFR or IVUS, and the outcomes of FFR- and IVUS-guided strategies in discordant coronary lesions. Methods: This study was a post-hoc analysis of the FLAVOUR study. We used a QCA-derived diameter stenosis (DS) of 60% or greater, the highest tertile, to classify coronary lesions as concordant or discordant with FFR or IVUS criteria for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The patient-oriented composite outcome (POCO) was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, or revascularization at 24 months. Results: The discordance rate between QCA and FFR or IVUS was 30.2% (n=551). The QCA-FFR discordance rate was numerically lower than the QCA-IVUS discordance rate (28.2% vs. 32.4%, p=0.050). In 200 patients with ≥60% DS, PCI was deferred according to negative FFR (n=141) and negative IVUS (n=59) (15.3% vs. 6.5%, p<0.001). The POCO incidence was comparable between the FFR- and IVUS-guided deferral strategies (5.9% vs. 3.4%, p=0.479). Conversely, 351 patients with DS <60% underwent PCI according to positive FFR (n=118) and positive IVUS (n=233) (12.8% vs. 25.9%, p<0.001). FFR- and IVUS-guided PCI did not differ in the incidence of POCO (9.5% vs. 6.5%, p=0.294). Conclusions: The proportion of QCA-FFR or IVUS discordance was approximately one third for intermediate coronary lesions. FFR- or IVUS-guided strategies for these lesions were comparable with respect to POCO at 24 months.

• Journal of Digital Policy
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-98
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• 2022

The study is a descriptive correlational study, aimed to identify the effect of non-face-to-face class satisfaction on major commitment of nursing students after COVID-19. The subjects are 123 3^rd and 4^th grade nursing students at three universities located in S city and G province, data were collected using the Google Online Questionnaire from March 9^th to April 9^th, 2022. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. As a result of the analysis, the factors that affect major commitment are the upper grade (β=.290, p=.013), the middle grade (β=.272, p=.022), and the contents of non-face-to-face class satisfaction (β=.308, p=.008) accounting for 16.5%. Therefore, developmental strategies and educational programs to organize the contents of non-face-to-face classes are required to be enhanced in order to improve nursing students' class satisfaction and major commitment.