• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제10권8호
• /
• pp.800-806
• /
• 1997

The behavior of de levels in rapid thermal annealed Fe-doped semi-insulating InP(100) was studied by photoinduced current transient spectrocopy(PICTS). In bulk InP, T2(Ec-0.24 eV), T3(Ec-0.30 eV) and T5(Ec-0.62 eV) traps were observed. After annealing the T2 trap was annihilated at 20$0^{\circ}C$ and recreated at 35$0^{\circ}C$. T3 trap was not affected below 40$0^{\circ}C$. With increasing temperature the concentration of T5 trap reduced and it was annihilated at 30$0^{\circ}C$. However the T1(Ec-0.16 eV) and T4(Ec-0.42 eV) traps were began to appear at 40$0^{\circ}C$and these concentrations were increased with annealing temperature. The T1 and T4 traps seem to be related to the isolated phosphorus vacancy( $V_{p}$) and $V_{p}$-indium antisite( $V_{p}$- $P_{in}$ ) or $V_{p}$-indium interstitial( $V_{p}$-I $n_{I}$) respectiely.respectiely.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.287-298
• /
• 2001

Recently, many natural medicines, which have advantage of less side effects and possibility of long-term use have been studied for their capacity of anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory and regenerative potential of periodontal tissues. Olibanum has the effects to hemostasis, analgesic and anti-inflammatory, and it also has been traditionally used as a drug for the treatment of bone disease in oriental medicine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of Olibanum extracts on the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase(ALP) synthesis, formation of bone nodules and expression of type I collagen of MC3T3-E1 cells. To examine the cellular activity, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ${\alpha}-MEM(control)$ and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the ALP synthesis, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with ${\alpha}-MEM(negative\; control)$, dexamethasone(positive control), and each concentration of Olibanum for 2 days and 4 days. To compare the bone nodule formation, MC3T3-E1 ells were cultured for 21 days, and to compare the type I collagen expression, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured for 4 days. The cellular activity of MC3T3-E1 cells treated with $1{\mu}g/ml$ of Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day(p<0.05) to control. The activity of ALP in MC3T3-E1 cells treated with $1{\mu}g/ml$ Olibanum extracts was significantly increased at 4-day(p<0.05). All the experimental groups showed much more bone nodule formation than control groups. The group treated with $1{\mu}g/ml$ of Olibanum extracts was the highest bone nodule formation, and showed much more type I collagen expression than negative control. These results indicate that Olibanum extracts may be considered effective in the activity and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.245-251
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate the relationship between anterior disc displacement and effusion in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: The study subjects included 253 TMD patients. MRI examinations were performed using a 1.5 T MRI scanner. T1- and T2-weighted images with para-sagittal and para-coronal images were obtained. According to the MRI findings, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc positions were divided into 3 subgroups: normal, anterior disc displacement with reduction (DWR), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (DWOR). The cases of effusion were divided into 4 groups: normal, mild (E1), moderate (E2), and marked effusion (E3). Statistical analysis was made by the Fisher's exact test using SPSS (version 12.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The subjects consisted of 62 males and 191 females with a mean age of 28.5 years. Of the 253 patients, T1- and T2-weighted images revealed 34 (13.4%) normal, DWR in 103 (40.7%), and DWOR in 116 (45.9%) on the right side and 37 (14.6%) normal, DWR in 94 (37.2%), and DWOR in 122 (48.2%) joints on the left side. Also, T2-images revealed 82 (32.4%) normal, 78 (30.8%) E1, 51 (20.2%) E2, and 42 (16.6%) E3 joints on the right side and 79 (31.2%) normal, 85 (33.6%) E1, 57 (22.5%) E2, and 32 (12.7%) E3 on the left side. There was no difference between the right and left side. Conclusion: Anterior disc displacement was not related to the MRI findings of effusion in TMD patients (P>0.05).

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제36권3_4호
• /
• pp.237-244
• /
• 2018

Let ${\mathcal{H}}$ be an infinite dimensional separable Hilbert space with a fixed orthonormal base $\{e_1,e_2,{\cdots}\}$. Let L be the subspace lattice generated by the subspaces $\{[e_1],[e_1,e_2],[e_1,e_2,e_3],{\cdots}\}$ and let $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ be the algebra of bounded operators which leave invariant all projections in ${\mathcal{L}}$. Let p and q be natural numbers (p < q). Let ${\mathcal{A}}$ be a linear manifold in $Alg{\mathcal{L}}$ such that $T_{(p,q)}=0$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$. If ${\mathcal{A}}$ is a Lie ideal, then $T_{(p,p)}=T_{(p+1,p+1)}={\cdots}=T_{(q,q)}$ and $T_{(i,j)}=0$, $p{\eqslantless}i{\eqslantless}q$ and i < $j{\eqslantless}q$ for all T in ${\mathcal{A}}$.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2003

비육후기 돼지(LY $\times$ D, 90 kg 전후) 사료에 C는 대조구로 우지 5%, T1은 우지 3%에 들깨유를 2%우지 대체하였으며, T2는 T1에 비타민 E($\alpha$-tocopheryl acetate)를 250 ppm 첨가하였다. T3는 우지 3%에 오징어유를 2% 우지 대체하였으며, T4는 T3에 비타민 E를 250 ppm 첨가하였다. T5는 우지 3%에 CLA 2% 우지 대체 첨가 급여한 돼지의 생산 및 도체형 질을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일당 증체량은 T2와 T3가 다른 구들보다 높았으며(P<0.05) 사료요구율은 처리간에 유의적인 차이는 없으나 T2와 T3가 각각 3.71, 3.80으로 다소 양호하였다. 생체에서 등지방두께는 개시 체중시에는 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나 출하체중 시에는 C가 다른 처리구들보다 유의적으로 두꺼워 개시체중 대비 출하체중 시의 등지방두께 증가폭 역시 C가 넓었다. 배최장근 단면적은 개시체중 시나 출하체중 시에는 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 증가면에서는 T5가 T2에 비해서 약 2배 정도인 13.35 $\textrm{cm}^2$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 혈액 중 Triglyceride함량은 C가 다른 처리구들보다 높았으며, T3, T4, T5가 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 총 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리구들간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 총 콜레스테롤 대비 HDL-콜레스테롤 비율은 비타민 E를 첨가하지 않은 구보다 첨가한 구들이 높게 나타났다. 동맥경화지수(AI: Atherogenic index)는 T3가 가장 높고 T2가 가장 낮았으며, 들깨유와 오징어유에 비타민 E 첨가로 낮아졌다. 도체형질에서 지육율과 등지방두께 및 등급은 처리간에 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나(p>0.05) 등급에 있어 T2는 4.67, C와 T3는 4.29, T1과 T5는 4.00 수준이었다.operational requirements and typical plasma parameters have been determined. Large arrays of individual tiny sources can be used to form large-area, atmospheric-pressure plasma sources. The simplicity of the method and the capability of operation without the need for the usual vacuum system and its associated limitations, provide a highly attractive option for new approaches to many different kinds of plasma applications, including plasma surface modification technologies. Here we review the background work that has been carried out in this new research field.row$물엿으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 red에 가까웠다. b값(Yellowness)은 전처리한 동아 300g에 물 1$\ell$, 물엿 475$m\ell$을 넣고 5시간 동안 제조한 군이 가장 높아 yellow에 가까웠고 전체적으로 물엿$\longrightarrow$설탕과 꿀$\longrightarrow$물엿과 설탕으로 제조한 정과의 순으로 yellow에 가까웠다. 5. 관능검사에서 단단하다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 적색도가 높았다. 관능검사에서 색이 좋다고 평가된 정과가 색도에서 붉은 빛과 황색을 나타냈다. 관능검사의 단단한 정도(Hardness)와 씹힘성(Chewinwss)은 기계검사의 Texture인 최대절단력(Maximum

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제53권4호
• /
• pp.351-353
• /
• 2017

토마토 뿌리에서 분리한 Chryseobacterium sp. T16E-39 균주는 식물생육촉진과 역병, 시들음병에 대한 억제효과가 있었다. 이 균주의 유전체 염기서열은 4,873,888 염기쌍이었으며 G + C 함량은 35.22%이었다. 이 유전체는 4,289개 단백질 유전자, 15개 rRNA 유전자, 71개 tRNA 유전자를 포함하였다. T16E-39 균주의 유전체에서 인산가용화, 식물호르몬 조절, 항산화 활성, 키틴 분해, 제9형 분비시스템에 관여하는 유전자를 확인하였으며, 이들 유전자는 식물의 생육을 촉진하고 병발생을 억제하는 기작과 관련되어 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.929-933
• /
• 2010

A new compound, 4-methoxyl 5-hydroxymethyl benzoic 3-O-$\beta$-D-glucopyranoside (1), has been isolated from the leaves and stems of Acer mandshuricum, along with nine known compounds (2-10). Their structures were determined by a variety of spectroscopic analyses. The effect of compounds 1-10 on the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells was examined by determining alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization. Compound 1 significantly increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells; $5.0\;{\mu}M$ of 1 increased ALP activity, collagen synthesis, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells to 114.7, 119.5, and 108.2% (P < 0.05) of the basal value, respectively. In addition, compounds 2-10 also potently increased the function of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2003

The $p-CdIn_2$$Te_4$single crystal was grown in the three-stage vertical electric furnace by using Bridgman method. The quality of the grown crystal has been investigated by the x-ray diffraction and the photoluminescence measurements. From the photoluminescence spectra of the as-grown $CdIn_2$$Te_4$crystal and the various heat-treated crystals, the ($D^{\circ}$, X) emission was found to be the dominant intensity in the photoluminescence spectrum of the $CdIn_2$T $e_4$:Cd, while the ($A^{\circ}$, X) emission completely disappeared in the $CdIn_2$T $e_4$:Cd. However, the ($A^{\circ}$, X) emission in the photoluminescence spectrum of the $CdIn_2$T $e_4$:Te was the dominant intensity like an as-grown $CdIn_2$T $e_4$crystal. These results indicated that the ($D^{\circ}$, X) is associated with $V_{Te}$ acted as donor and that the ($A^{\circ}$, X) emission is related to $V_{cd}$ acted as acceptor, respectively. The $p-CdIn_2$T $e_4$crystal was found to be obviously converted into the n-type after annealing in the Cd atmosphere. The origin of ( $D^{\circ}$, $A^{\circ}$) emission and its TO phonon replicas is related to the interaction between donors such as $V_{Te}$ or $Cd_{int}$, and accepters such as $V_{cd}$ or T $e_{int}$. Also, the In in the $CdIn_2$X$CdIn_4$was confirmed not to form the native defects because it existed in the stable form of bonds.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.477-489
• /
• 2019

최근 학제 간 융합이 관심을 받고 있다. 특히 예술과 기술의 학제 간 연구는 매우 흥미로운 주제이다. E.A.T.는 1966년 뉴욕에서 예술가와 공학자에 의해 설립되었다. 본 연구는 E.A.T. 사례를 중심으로 예술과 기술이 융합될 수 있었던 시대적 배경과 E.A.T.의 작품 특성을 분석하였다. 시대적 배경에 대한 분석결과 5가지 요인들이 E.A.T.가 조직되고 발전되는 데 있어 영향을 미쳤음을 발견하였다. 경제적 요인, 예술적 요인, 기술적 요인, 교육적 요인, 그리고 후원 문화적 요인이 예술과 기술의 융합에 영향을 미쳤다. 예술가와 공학자가 협업한 E.A.T. 작품은 일반적으로 세 가지 특성을 가지고 있었다. 다양한 분야를 아우르는 융합성, 여러 가지 감각을 활용하는 다감각성, 그리고 환경과 인간에 대한 상호작용성이 E.A.T. 작품에 나타났다. 본 연구는 예술적 표현의 한계를 극복하고 새로운 기술을 개발하고자 하는 예술가와 공학자 모두에게 의미 있는 함의를 제공한다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.241-265
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of Parent Effectiveness Training (P. E. T.) on (1) parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers and (2) the relationship between parental awareness and verbal control patterns of mothers. The subjects were 43 mothers whose children were in 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th grades in one of two elementary schools in the City of Seoul. Mothers who participated in a P. E. T. class were assigned either to an experimental or a control group. Mothers in the experimental group received P. E. T. during the study; those in the control group received it after the study. Instruments were the Parental Awareness Interview (Newberger, 1980) and the revised Verbal Control Patters (Gumperz, 1973) for mothers. The data were analyzed by t-tests and Pearson's correlations. The results showed that (1) P. E. T. influenced parental awareness of mothers, and this change was maintained one month after completion of the P. E. T. class. (2) Mothers' verbal control patterns were changed by P. E. T. Specifically, mother' imperative and positional verbal control patterns decreased while personal verbal control patterns increased after P. E. T. (3) P. E. T. was negativeiy related to mother's imperative and positional verbal control patterns but positively related to personal verbal control patterns.