• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-113
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• 2008

This study examined the difference in children's performance between two types of task by the number of protagonists and children's implicit understanding of false-belief. The implicit measure by eye gaze was contrasted with children's explicit answers to the experimenter's question about where the protagonist would look for an object. Results showed there was no difference according to the task type by number of protagonists. On false-belief, 2- and 3-year-olds showed low performance compared with 4-year-olds on explicit responses. On implicit responses, 3- and 4-year-olds out-performed 2-year-olds. These results suggest that implicit understanding precedes explicit understanding.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.135-151
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between preschoolers' motor proficiency and their executive function. Participants were 72 children who participated in individual tests. Motor proficiency was measured by a shortened form of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition(BOT-2). Executive functions were assessed by utilizing the revised version of the four tasks: 'Day-Night Task', 'Dimensional Change Card Sort Task', 'Lift Flag Task' and 'Digit Span Task'. The major findings were as follows. First, the 5-year-olds motor proficiency was found to be better than the 4-year-olds. Second, the 5-year-olds executive function was found to be better than the 4-yeat-olds. Last, the 4-year-olds' and 5-year-olds' motor proficiency was related to their executive function. Concretely, fine manual control of motor proficiency was executive function and there was a high correlation. And behavior response inhibition and working memory of executive function was motor proficiency and there was a high correlation. Data analysis showed that preschoolers' motor proficiency and their executive function were different by their age level and that preschoolers' motor proficiency was correlated with their executive function.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.25-46
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• 2014

The purposes of this study were to demonstrate whether a Physical Rhythm Education Program can alter children's rhythm perception and rhythm expression. To solve the questions posed by this study, 60 5-year-olds and 60 6-year-olds (a total of 120 children) from one child-care center in Kyunggi-province were selected. An experimental group participated in the Physical Rhythm Program which was carried out 10 times over the course of 4 weeks. The results indicated that the Physical Rhythm Program positively improved the children's rhythm perception and rhythm expression. In particular, the Physical Rhythm Program was more effective in producing effects upon six-year-olds' rhythm perception and rhythm expression (verbal, instrumental and physical expression) than five-year-olds' rhythm expression (instrumental and physical expression).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.300-309
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the caries prevalence and caries pattern of preschool children in a small city. Six hundred twenty four kindergarten children in Milyang city were examined for their caries experience of individual teeth and surfaces by dmf index. The obtained results were as follows. 1. The rate of children with caries experience(dmft rate) in primary teeth was 74.0% in 3-year-olds, 83.8% in 4-year-olds, and 90.6% in 5-year-olds. The mean number of decayed, missed, and filled primary teeth(dmft index) was 3.47 in 3-year-olds, 5.41 in 4-year-olds, and 6.01 in 5-year-olds. 2. The caries prevalence of children in this study was higher than those of other researches in past and in other cities. 3. The caries-experienced teeth in order in 5-year-olds were as follows : mandibular 2nd primary molar, mandibular 1st primary molar, maxillary 2nd primary molar, maxillary primary central incisor and maxillary 1st primary molar. 4. The pattern of dental caries development was different between the incisors and molars. The prevalent surface of caries was proximal surface in primary incisors, but occlusal surface in primary molars.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2012

This study examined young children's beliefs about trait stability based on trait type and valence. Participants included 120 children (40 three-year-olds, 40 four-year-olds, and 40 five-year olds) recruited from 3 day-care-centers and 1 kindergarten in Seoul and Kyung-Ki province. Results revealed that young children's understanding of traits differed based on trait type and valence. Children demonstrated a strong belief that social-intention traits are more stable and harder to change when compared to internal-state traits. Young children's beliefs on trait stability were also strongly influenced by trait valence. They believed that negative traits are more likely to change for the better while positive traits have greater stability and are less likely to change over time.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.43-53
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate children's acquisition of cardinality in terms of a framework that isolates two cognitive components, analysis of knowledge and control of processing. The subjects were 30 4-and 5- year-olds who were asked to solve three problems that required an understanding of cardinality. The problems were designed to place different demands on these processing components on the tasks than the 4-year-olds and correlastion among scores on the three tasks show that there is no correlation between the tower task assessing control and the two tasks that assessed analysis. The implications of the results are that aspects of symbolic development may be a broadly based process that extends beyond domain-specific boundaries.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 1999

The purpose of this study were to describe the performance 67 kindergartener who aged from 4 to 7 years on the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance(P-CTSIB) and to determine difference with foot position and age. All Subjects were performance with different foot position that were feet-together, heel-toes. the starting position was that subject placed their hands on the hips, The results of this study were as follows 1. There were significiant difference in all instances by age whoa subjects were foot together(p<0.05). 2. There were singificiant difference in all instances by age excepts condition V awhen subjects were heel toes(p<0.05). 3. Duration of balance performance, of 4-year-olds were shortest and duration of balance performance of 7-year-olds were longest.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.253-272
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to supplement the NURI Curriculum by investigating the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds according to the demographic backgrounds of early childhood teachers. The subjects of this study were 201 early childhood teachers who work at kindergartens and child care centers located in Gyeonggi Province and were in charge of 5-year olds. The instrument used was a questionnaire measuring the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum. The results of this study were as follows. First, the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds generally showed high scores. A total average of 3.24 on a 4 scale was found. In each case, educational contents have the highest score, 3.40, and educational evaluation has the lowest score, 3.03. Secondly, teachers' age, teaching career and educational background had an affect on the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds, but their certificate and institution type did not. That is, the higher the teachers' age, teaching career and educational background, the higher the practicing level of the NURI Curriculum for 5-year olds.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.107-117
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• 2000

This study examined a portfolio scale for the assessment of the writing of 295 kindergarten children. The data were analyzed by Spradley's Developmental Research Sequence(DRS), using qualitative methods. Results showed that the writing portfolio scale for 4-year-olds includes "a word or write a children's name" "picture or word with shape of letters" and "scribbling or zig-zag". The writing portfolio scale for 5- and 6-year-olds includes "invented spelling" "write according to sound" and "omitted letters" "write a good hand". The writing portfolio scale for 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds reflects their writing experience in daily life.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.257-270
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• 2010

This study investigated preschoolers' happiness, behavior problems, and interpersonal problem solving strategies according to their sex and age, and the relationships among them. The subjects were 185 preschoolers (97 boys and 88 girls; 83 four-year-olds and 102 five-year-olds). Results showed that boys were higher in behavior problems (aggression) and forceful problem solving strategies than girls, while girls were higher in happiness (characteristics of self) than boys. Also, 4-year-old children were higher in forceful problem solving strategies than 5-year-olds. Children's happiness was negatively related to their internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Behavior problems and interpersonal problem solving strategies of children were influenced by their happiness. These findings provide preliminary evidence that children's happiness may predict their behavior problems and interpersonal problem solving strategies.