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품질 4.0: 개념, 요소, 수준 평가와 전개 방향 (Quality 4.0: Concept, Elements, Level Evaluation and Deployment Direction)

  • 서호진;변재현;김도현
    • 품질경영학회지
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.447-466
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: This article aims 1) to propose Quality 4.0 concept through surveying related literature, 2) to suggest key elements of Quality 4.0 by arranging the elements of Quality 4.0 that appeared in the literature, 3) to determine the levels of Quality 4.0, and 4) to suggest ideas for effective deployment of Quality 4.0. Methods: Eleven papers or documents are reviewed for Quality 4.0 concept; two papers and one document are investigated for key element extraction of Quality 4.0; and smart factory roadmap and industry 4.0 maturity model are studied to determine the levels of Quality 4.0. Results: 1) Quality 4.0 definition is proposed. 2) Three key elements are determined: data acquisition and analytics, connection and integration, and leadership and culture. 3) Six Quality 4.0 levels are determined. 4) Some suggestions are addressed for effective deployment of Quality 4.0. Conclusion: 1) Definition, key elements, levels, and some suggestions on effective deployment of Quality 4.0 are addressed. 2) Specific contents of Quality 4.0 education and training courses should be provided in the future. 3) Two future research directions are proposed.

Synthesis of 4-Hydroxycoumarion Derivatives-1: An Efficient Synthesis of Flocoumafen

  • Park, Oee-Sook;Jang, Bong-Suek
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.277-281
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    • 1995
  • An anticoagulant, 4-hydroxy-3-[1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-3-[4-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyloxy)phenyll-1 -naphthyl]coumarin (Flocoumafen) was synthesized in 8 steps starting from phenylacetyl shloride and anisole. The key step in the synthesis involves the reaction of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-teralol with 4-hydroxycoumarin to give 4-hydroxy-3 [1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydro-3-[4-emthoxyphenyl]-1-naphthyl]coumarin.

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Preparation of Nonlinear Optical Poly(Alkyl Vinyl Ethers). 4.$^1$ Synthesis and Characterization of Poly[$3^{\prime},5^{\prime}-dimethoxy-4^{\prime}$-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-4-nitrostilbene] and Poly[$3^{\prime},5^{\prime}-dimethoxy-4^{\prime}$-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-2,4-dinitrostilbene]

  • 이주연
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.336-340
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    • 1995
  • 3',5'-Dimethoxy-4'-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-4-nitrostilbene 2 and 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-(2-vinyloxyethoxy)-2,4-dinitrostilbene 5 were prepared by the reactions of 2-iodoethyl vinyl ether with 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-4-dinitrostilbene 1 and 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy-2,4-dinitrostilbene 4, respectively. Monomers 2 and 5 were polymerized with cationic initiators to obtain polymers with 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-oxy-4-nitrostilbene and 3',5'-dimethoxy-4'-oxy-2,4-nitrostilbene, which are presumably effective chromophores for second-order nonlinear optical application in the side chain. The resulting polymers 3 and 6 were soluble in DMSO and DMF. The inherent viscosities of the polymers were in the range of 0.28-0.33 dL/g in DMSO. Polymers 3 and 6 showed a thermal stability up to 250 ℃ in TGA thermogram, and the Tg values obtained from DSC thermograms were in the range of 81-87°.

방울토마토 담액재배시 $\textrm{NH}_4\textrm{H}_2\textrm{PO}_4$ 농도에 기초한 배양액 조절 (Management of Nutrient Solution Based on $\textrm{NH}_4\textrm{H}_2\textrm{PO}_4$Concentration in Deep Flow Culture of Cherry Tomato)

  • 이문정;김성은;김영식
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.188-194
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    • 1995
  • 야마자키 토마토용 배양액을 이용하여 토마토를 담액 재배할 경우, pH 7.5 정도인 수돗물을 용수로 한 배양액에 NH$_4$H$_2$PO$_4$를 사용하므로써 배양액의 pH를 안정시키는 동시에, 적정 식물생장을 유도할 수 있는 NH$_4$H$_2$PO$_4$농도를 찾고자 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과 NH$_4$H$_2$PO$_4$의 농도를 증가시킴에 따라 배양액의 pH가 감소하는 경향을 보였으며, EC는 반대의 경향을 보였다. NH$_4$-N 8/3 me/$\ell$ 처리구에서는 식물체에 황화현상이 나타났다. NH$_4$-N이 4/3 me/$\ell$ 혹은 5/3 me/$\ell$인 처리구에서 pH와 EC를 안정적으로 유지할 수 있었다. 엽장이나 줄기직경은 NH$_4$-N 2/3 me/$\ell$처리구에서 큰 값을 나타냈고, 과실의 당도는 NH$_4$-N 5/3 me/$\ell$ 처리구에서 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과로부터, 토마토의 담액 재배시 수확기 이전에는 NH$_4$-N을 2/3 me/$\ell$로 하고, 수확기에는 NH$_4$-N을 4/3-5/3 me/$\ell$로 하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 사료되었다.

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암모늄염으로 처리된 리기다 소나무의 연소성질 (Combustion Characteristics of Pinus Rigida Treated by Ammonium Salts)

  • 진의;정영진
    • 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국화재소방학회 2010년도 춘계학술논문발표회 논문집
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    • pp.403-407
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    • 2010
  • 건축 구조재료로 사용되는 소나무의 화재조건을 알아보기 위하여 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소성질을 분석하였다. 자연 건조된 소나무에 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$ 등의 암모늄염을 이용하여 난연성을 부가하였다. 소나무의 함수율은 10.2%였으며 초기 열방출 곡선은 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$인 경우 완만하게 증가하였으며 가장 좋은 난연성을 보였다. $HRR_{peak}$ 값은 무처리된 경우 $217\;kW/m^2$, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$인 경우에는 각각 $190\;kW/m^2$, $188\;kW/m^2$, $166\;kW/m^2$로 나타났다. 즉 $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$로 처리된 경우 23.5%의 감소현상이 관찰되었다. $HRR_{peak}$ 도달 시간은 무처리된 시험편(290s) 및 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$으로 처리된 시험편은 각각 298s, 263s, 313s로 나타났다. 연기 발생속도는 사용한 암모늄염 중 $(NH_4)_2SO_4$로 처리된 시험편이 가장 작게 관찰되어 저발연성 감연제 역할을 하는 것으로 판단된다.

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5,7-Diaryl-4,4-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyridino [3,4-d]-1,2,3-selenadiazoles의 손쉬운 One-pot 합성 (A Facile Entry for One-pot Synthesis of 5,7-Diaryl-4,4-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyridino[3,4-d]-1,2,3-selenadiazoles)

  • Gopalakrishnan, M.;Thanusu, J.;Kanagarajan, V.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.47-51
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    • 2008
  • 조사 아래 불균일촉매 NaHSO4.SiO2의 존재하에서 5,7-diaryl-4,4-dimethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyridino [3,4-d]-1,2,3-selenadiazoles의 one-pot.

1,4-디하이드로피리딘 산류의 합성 (Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine Carboxylic Acids)

  • 서정진;홍유화
    • 약학회지
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    • 제33권2호
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    • pp.80-86
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    • 1989
  • 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-methyl 5-(2'-phenylsulfinyl) ethyl ester (10) or 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2' or 3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-alkyl 5-(2-methylsulfonyl) ethyl ester (14a, b, c) were hydrolyzed by treatment with NaOH in aqueous EtOH solution to give 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester (4b), 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid monomethyl ester (4c) and 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(2'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid monoisopropyl ester (4d) in 80 -90% yield. By the same procedure, 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3,5-bis (2'-methylsulfonyl) ethyl ester (15) gave 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (4e) in 96% yield.

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phbC 유전자가 도입된 형질전환 Alcaligenes eutrophus를 이용한 고분율 4-hydroxybutyrate 함유 P(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate)의 생산 (Cultivation of Alcaligenes eutrophus Transforming Cloned phbC Gene from Alcaligenes latus for Production of P(3-hydroxybutyrate-4-hydroxybutyrate) Containing High Molar Fraction of 4-Hydroxybutyrate)

  • 강명신;정영미;이용현
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.422-428
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    • 1999
  • Alcaligenes latus 유래의 phbC 유전자를 A. eutrophus에 재도입시킨 형질전환균주를 이용하여 높은 4HB 몰분율을 갖는 P(3HB-4HB)의 고농도 생산을 시도하였다. 형질전환균주는 총균체량, P(3HB-4HB) 농도, 그리고 축적률에서 모균주에 비해 다소 증가한 반면 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율은 23.5 mol%로 모균주의 12.3 mol%에 비해 현저히 증가하였다. 이는 phbC유전자의 증폭으로 인해 해당과정에서 생성된 3HB와 전구물질인 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton에서 전환된 4HB의 중합반응이 촉진되기 때문으로 사료된다. 또한 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton의 농도 $Mg^{2-}$ 이온, 그리고 citrate 첨가량이 P(3HB-4HB)의 농도, 축적률, 그리고 4HB 몰분율에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율을 증대시키기 위하여 일반적으로 사용되는 2단계 배양법을 변형시켜 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton과 citrate의 첨가시기를 늦춘 2단계 배양법을 활용하여 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율을 61.0 mol%로 증가시킬 수 있었다. 또한 ${\gamma}$-butyrolacton의 첨가량을 조절하여 P(3HB-4HB)내의 4HB 몰분율이 92.0 mol%에 이르는 homopolymeric P(4HB)를 생산할 수 있었으며, 그 구조를 $^1$H-NMR을 통해 확인하였다.

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Synthesis of Certain Substituted Quinoxalines as Antimicrobial Agents (Part II)

  • Mohga.M.Badran;Khaled.A.M.Abouzid;M. H. M. Hussein
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.107-113
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    • 2003
  • Several fused triazolo and ditriazoloquinoxaline derivatives such as 1-aryl-4-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (3a-d), 4-alkoxy[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (4a,b), 4-substituted-amino-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (5a-h), 1-(aryl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-4(5H)-thione (6), 4-(arylidenehydrazino )-1-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalines (10a-e) and [1,2,4]ditriazolo[4,3-a:3',4'-c]quinoxaline derivatives (11-13) have been synthesized and some of these derivatives were evaluated for antimicrobial and antifungal activity in vitro. It was found that compounds 3a and 9b possess potent antibacterial activity compared to the standard tetracycline.