• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.331-335
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• 2002

인터넷의 발전은 사용자들의 정보에 대한 요구를 급속히 증가시키고 있으며, 고급 정보 획득을 위한 사용료에 대한 부담도 함께 증가하고 있다. 따라서 사용자 각자가 보유한 정보들을 다른 사용자들에게 오픈 시켜 공유할 수 있도록 하는 시스템의 개발에 대한 요구가 발생하게 되었다. 이러한 요구에 맞추어 본 논문에서는 네티즌들이 서로의 컴퓨터에 접속하여 상대방이 가진 정보들을 검색하고 공유할 수 있는 p2p(peer to peer) 시스템인 $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$을 제안하게 되었다. $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$시스템은 객체지향설계 기법인 UML을 이용하여 개발함으로써 시스템 구현의 효율성을 추구하였다. 또한 일반적인 p2p 시스템의 문제점으로 대두된 보안문제를 해결하기 위하여 3-tier 분산시스템을 이용하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.384-394
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• 2014

The femtocell overlaid cellular network (FOCN) has been used to enhance the capacity of existing cellular systems. To obtain the desired system performance, both cross-tier interference and co-tier interference in an FOCN need to be managed. This paper proposes an interference management scheme that adaptively constructs a femtocell cluster, which is a group of femtocell base stations that share the same frequency band. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme can enhance the performance of the macrocell-tier and maintain a greater signal to interference-plus-noise ratio than the outage level can for about 99% of femtocell users.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.214-222
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• 2022

This study calculated the on-site measurement (Tier 4) of greenhouse gases emitted during the production stage of major fishing periods that utilize set nets and bamboo weir fishing boats. In addition, using theoretically calculated results (Tier 1), the emission factor presented by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was comparatively analyzed. On average, carbon emissions for each operating period in the bamboo weir and set net were calculated to be 0.16 and 3.58 kg CO₂ time^-1, respectively; and the measurement values (Tier 4) for each tool were about 4-17 times lower than their respective theoretical values (Tier 1). Significant differences were found based on engine performance. As port entry, port departure, and operating periods of the vessels show negligible variation with short distances, the operation of the vessel engine was considered as the main variable for carbon emissions in anchovy set net fishing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.331-335
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• 2002

인터넷의 발전은 사용자들의 정보에 대한 요구를 급속히 증가시키고 있으며, 고급 정보 획득을 위한 사용료에 대한 부담도 함께 증가하고 있다. 따라서 사용자 각자가 보유한 정보들을 다른 사용자들에게 오픈 시켜 공유할 수 있도록 하는 시스템의 개발에 대한 요구가 발생하게 되었다. 이러한 요구에 맞추어 본 논문에서는 네티즌들이 서로의 컴퓨터에 접속하여 상대방이 가진 정보들을 검색하고 공유할 수 있는 p2p(peer to peer) 시스템인 $\ulcorner$p2p-31$\lrcorner$을 제안하게 되었다. $\ulcorner$p2p-3$\lrcorner$ 시스템은 객체지향설계 기법인 UML을 이용하여 개발함으로써 시스템 구현의 효율성을 추구하였다. 또한 일반적인 p2P 시스템의 문제점으로 대두된 보안문제를 해결하기 위하여 3-tier 분산시스템을 이용하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

In spreading an internet service and developing a network technology, The interest of study about the remote control system using web environment increased. In treatise, We describe a design and an implementation of the gateway system that is based 3-tier model using corba in middleware. This system is applicatble various system environment because of using middleware and overcome a time limit and range limit because of using web browser interface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.68-69
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• 2023

Recently, decarbonization has been emphasized worldwide to cope with climate change, and carbon neutrality by 2050 has emerged as a global agenda. The domestic port authorities have been participating in the global agenda in line with the government regulations. Since 2010, when decarbonization has been regarded as an important assignment in ports, container terminal efficiency considering undesirable outputs such as Carbon dioxide has been analyzed. However, most previous studies measured carbon dioxide emissions according to the Tier 1 and it is a first time to analyze container terminal efficiency based on the Tier 3 presented in the IPCC guidelines. 17 domestic container terminal operators were considered as decision making units and DEA-SBM Model was used. Subsequently, Undesirable outputs model was conducted to calculate the environmental efficiency.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 2004

It is notorious that PIN(Personal Identification Number) is used widely for user verification and authentication in networked environment. But, when the user Identification and password are exposed by hacking, we can be damaged monetary damage as well as invasion of privacy. In this paper, we adopt face recognition-based authentication which have nothing to worry what the ID and password will be exposed. Also, we suggest the remote authentication and verification system by considering not only 2-Tier system but also 3-Tier system getting be distributed. In this research, we analyze the face feature data using the SVM(Support Vector Machine) and PCA(Principle Component Analysis), and implement artificial intelligence face recognition module in distributed environment which increase the authentication speed and heightens accuracy by utilizing artificial intelligence techniques.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.915-922
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• 2002

This paper presents an implementation of an Remote Examination System on Internet using Java and SWING GUI API. The system is consisted of three parts: generating examination part that is Java application, answering questions part that is Java Applet, reviewing results part that is Java Applet. The first part is implemented with the 2-tier client/server architecture and the last two parts is implemented the 3-tier client/server architecture. Database programming is done using Java JDBC API for database independence and portability. This system can be used the evaluation of lectures, and substituted for pen-and-pencil examinations or adopted to survey applications based on Internet.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.204-208
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• 2013

CO2 emission makes up more than 80% of whole green gas. Therefore CO2 is recognized as the main culprit of global warming. IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) is advising the 3 methods measuring CO2 emission. TIER1 is measured CO2 emission by criteria the energy consumption, TIER2 measure by criteria the emission factor according to the emission control technique each kind of vehicle, TIER3 is measured by criteria the distance each kind of vehicle. Currently, the most of CO2 emission measurement is used by TIER1. But it is not standardized that CO2 emission measurement method have the factor as work condition each distance. Specially, it is not suggest that methodology has the condition changing load of equipment according to site condition and the same position work as construction equipment. So, this study is suggested the CO2 emission measurement methodology of construction equipment.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.399-431
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to summarize the empirical literature on implementation of positive behavior support (PBS) within a multi-tiered system of supports in American and Korean schools and to compare its key features and outcomes in an attempt to suggest future directions for development of a Korean school-wide PBS model and implementation manuals as well as directions for future research. Twenty-four American articles and 11 Korean articles (total 35 articles) that reported the outcomes of implementation of PBS at a tier 1 and/or tier 2, or tier 3 level and that met established inclusion criteria were analyzed using systematic procedures. Comparisons were made in the areas of key features and outcomes of PBS in addition to general methodology (e.g., participants, design, implementation duration, dependent measures) at each tier of PBS. The results indicated that positive outcomes for student behavior and other areas were reported across tiers in all American and Korean studies. At the tier 1 level, teaching expectations and rules were the primary focus of PBS in American and Korean schools. However, Korean schools focused on modifying the school and classroom environments and teaching social skills whereas American schools focused on teacher training on standardized interventions or curricular by experts and teacher support during implementation of PBS. At the tier 2 level, more American studies reported implementation of tier 2 interventions within school-wide PBS, and Check/In Check/Out (CICO) was found to be the most commonly used tier 2 intervention. The results also indicated that in comparison to Korean schools, American schools were more likely to use systematic screening tools or procedures to identify students who need tier 2 interventions and more likely to promote parental involvement with implementing interventions. At the tier 3 level, more Korean studies reported the outcomes of individualized interventions, but more American studies reported that designing individualized intervention plans based on comprehensive functional behavior assessment results and establishment of systematic screening systems were focused when implementing individualized interventions. Furthermore, few Korean studies reported the assessment of procedural integrity, social validity, and contextual fit in implementing PBS across tiers, indicating the need for development of valid instruments that could be used in assessing these areas. Based on these results, limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.