• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.238-238
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• 1996

각종 동물 및 인체 신장 유래 DHP-I에 의한 DA-1131, imipenem(IPM) 및 meropenem(MEPM)의 속도 상수를 측정한 결과, DA-1131은 동물종에 관계없이 가장 안정성이 큰 결과를 나타내었고, 인체 DHP-I에 대한 Vmax/Km 값이 IPM의 21.9%로 관찰되어 IPM보다 하위 기질인 것으로 확인되었다. DA-1131, IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS의 20mg/kg투여 후의 혈중농도 반감기(T$_{1}$2/)는 각각 11.4분, 8.9분, 10.3분이었으며, 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$ 이상의 혈중농도룰 유지하는 시간은 66.6 분, 55.9 분, 63.1 분이었다. DA-1131, DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS의 40 mg/kg 투여 후 24시간 동안의 뇨중 배설율은 57.9 %, 61.3%, 22.6 %, 11.3% 및 65.9%이었으며, 각 약물을 40 mg/kg 투여 15분 후 DA-ll3l의 폐중 농도는 11.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS 및 MEPM/CS와 비슷한 결과를 나타내었으며 T/P ratio도 DA-1131, DA-l131/CS, IPM/CS 와 MEPM/CS 투여군에서 거의 동일한 것으로 확인되었다. 신장중 농도는 DA-1131 과 DA-l131/CS의 경우 29.l$\mu\textrm{g}$/g 및 34.2$\mu\textrm{g}$/g으로 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS 투여군에 비하여는 높은 결과로 나타났고 T/P ratio도 DA-1131과 DA-l131/CS 투여군이 IPM/CS, MEPM 및 MEPM/CS 투여군보다 놓은 것으로 확인되었다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 1987

Using a solution of $^{137}$ Cs as a tracer, radioactivity of a $^{137}$ Cs solution is measured by coincidence and anticoincidence counting methods. Sample sources in this study are fabricated by mixing $^{137}$ Cs with tracer, and the mixing ratios are 1/3 and 1/5, respectively in coincidence and anticoincidence methods. Specific activities of a $^{137}$ Cs solution are calculated by means of f-channel low energy threshold level variation and efficiency extrapolation. The results obtained by coincidence and anticoincidence counting methods are 552.78 kBq/g and 554.32kBq/g, respectively on the reference date and the combined uncertainties are 1.60kBq/g and 1.51kBq/g for each method. These two results show a good agreement within the uncertainty range.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.747-757
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• 2000

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent widely used for preventing graft rejecting response in organ transplantation. The basic properties of CsA to osteoblast has not been well known yet. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CsA function on bone could provide valuable information regarding basic properties of bone remodeling, pharmacotherapeutic intervention in metabolic bone disease, and the consequences of immunosuppression in bone physiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CsA on osteoblast by evaluating parameters of proliferation, collagen synthetic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and ALP mRNA expression in mouse calvarial cell. 1. CsA ($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation.(P<0.05) 2. CsA($1,\; 3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated MC3T3 cell line showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation. 3. The amount of collagen of CsA($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell was decreased statistically significantly. 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased statistically significantly in CsA treated group($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 5. mRNA expression of ALP was increased in CsA treated group These results suggest that CsA could affect bone remodeling by modulating proliferation & differentiation of osteoblast.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

For the analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood, which have been issued recently, SRM 1589a of NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) was used and a practical analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood was presented through comparison of methods of Canada and Japan. The proposed method used alkali-digestion extraction for removal of the lipid effectively using two capillary columns. The limit of quantification of TeCDD/DF and PeCDD/DF was 1 pg/g-lipid, HxCDD/DF and HpCDD/DF was 2 pg/g-lipid, OCDD/DF was 4 pg/g-lipid. With consideration the range of detected concentration, calibration standards were presented as $CS_L$(0.1~1), $CS_1/2$(0.25~2.5), $CS_1$(0.5~5.0), $CS_2$(2~20), $CS_3$(10~100).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.529-542
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• 2020

The cesium (Cs) sorption characteristics of a bead-type polysulfone carrier contained HNO₃-treated bamboo charcoal (3 - 5 mm in diameter) in water system were investigated and its Cs removal efficiency as an adsorbent from water was also identified by various laboratory experiments. From the results of batch sorption experiments, the bead-type polysulfone carrier with only 5% HNO₃-treated bamboo charcoal (P-5NBC) represented the high Cs removal efficiency of 57.8% for 1 hour sorption time. The Cs removal efficiency of P-5NBC in water after 24 hours reaction maintained > 69% at a wide range of pH and temperature conditions, attesting to its applicability under various water systems. Batch sorption experiments were repeated for P-5NBC coated with two cultivated microorganisms (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus drentensis), which were typical indigenous species inhabited in soil and groundwater. The Cs removal efficiency for two microorganisms coated polysulfone carrier (BP-5NBC) additionally increased by 19% and 18%, respectively, compared to that of only P-5NBC without microorganisms coated. The average Cs desorption rate of P-5NBC for 24 h was lower than 16%, showing the Cs was stably attached on HNO₃-treated bamboo charcoal in so much as its long-term use. The maximum Cs sorption capacity (q_m) of P-5NBC calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model study was 60.9 mg/g, which was much higher than those of other adsorbents from previous studies for 1 h sorption time. The results of continuous column experiments showed that the P-5NBC coated with microorganisms packed in the column maintained > 80% of the Cs removal efficiency during 100 pore volumes flushing. It suggested that only 14.7 g of P-5NBC (only 0.75 g of HNO₃ treated bamboo charcoal included) can successfully clean-up 7.2 L of Cs contaminated water (the initial Cs concentration: 1 mg/L; the effluent concentration: < 0.2 mg/L). The present results suggested that the Cs contaminated water can be successfully cleaned up by using a small amount of the polysulfone carrier with HNO₃-treated bamboo charcoal.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2007

In this work $^{14}C\;and\;^3H$ distribution characteristics of spent resins from nuclear power plants(NPPs), pressurized water reactors(PWRs), was investigated. It was found that the recovery percent of $^{14}C$ by the wet oxidation-acid stripping was $81%{\sim}100%$ for the added activity range of $^{14}C,\;0.72\;Bq{\sim}460\;Bq$, and it was not affected by the kinds of stripping acids, 3N-HCl, $3\;N-HNO_3\;and\;3\;N-H_2SO_4$. And the recovery percent of $^3H$ by distillation using the same apparatus was $81%{\sim}101%$ for the added activity range of $^3H,\;0.60\;Bq{\sim}435\;Bq$. Among the tested stripping acids, 3\;N-HCl, $3\;N-HNO_3\;and\;3\;N-H_2SO_4$, only the trapped $^3H$ solution by distillation in $3\;N-H_2SO_4$ was compatible with the 3H scintillator, Ultimagold XR. Neither of the $^{14}C\;and\;^3H$ trapping solutions from the spent ion exchange resin samples by the wet oxidation-3 $N-H_2SO_4$ stripping contained gamma nuclides. However, some gamma nuclides, $^{60}Co,\;^{134}Cs,\;^{137}Cs\;and\;^{54}Mn$, were found in the trapped $^3H$ solutions of the spent resins by the wet oxidation-3 N-HCl stripping. It was the same for the $^3H$ trapping solutions of the spent resins by Sample Oxidizer(PACKARD MODEL 307). Meanwhile only two nuclides, $^{134}Cs,\;and\;^{134}Cs$, were found in the $^{14}C$ trapping solutions of the spent resins by Sample Oxidizer(PACKARD MODEL 307). It was found that most of the $^{14}C$ in the spent resins existed as inorganic carbon form, more than about 70% of the total $^{14}C$ content. Among the analyzed 30 spent ion exchange resin samples, the average concentration of $^{14}C$ and $^3C$ for the high radioactive samples, 8 samples, was $19000\;Bq/g{\pm}41000\;Bq/g,\;670\;Bq/g{\pm}460\;Bq/g$ and that for the low radioactive samples, 22 samples, was $4.2\;Bq/g{\pm}4.3\;Bq/g,\;6.0\;Bq/g{\pm}5.3\;Bq/g$, respectively. And the average $^{14}C/^3H$ ratio for the high radioactive samples, was higher, 28, than that of low radioactive samples, 0.70. Some linear relationship trend was found between the activity concentrations of $^{14}C\;and\;^3H$.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.731-738
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• 1993

This study showed the adsorption behavior of Cs and Sr into the inorganic ion-exchanger zeolites such as 4A, 13X, AW300, AW500 and natural. It was found that the best type of zeolite is AW500 for Cs and 13X for Sr in terms of ion-exchange capacity. The temperature effect was also examined for the following systems : AW500-Cs, AW300-Cs, natural zeolite-Cs, 4A-Sr and 13X-Sr. Experiments showed that the effect of temperature on the ion-exchange capacity is negligible in all cases except for the systems of 4A-Sr and natural zeolite-Cs. The enhancement in the ion-exchange capacity for 4A-Sr would be caused by the Sr ion movement and the multilayer adsorption due to the heterogeneous characteristics of ion-exchange site. The distribution coefficient was increased with pH of the solution which is in equilibrium with zeolite particles. The values of $K_d$ in the systems of AW500-Cs and 4A-Sr were found to be about $10^3cm^3/g$ and $10^3{\sim}10^4cm^3/g$ respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

Cs는 AW500 에서 높은 분배계수 값(K$_{Cs}$>$10^3$$m\ell$/g)을 얻었으며 , Sr은 13X, 평형 용액의 pH=10의 조건에서 최대의 분배계수값(K$_{Sr}$~$10^4$$m\ell$/g)을 보였고, 평형용액의 pH 증가에 따라서 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 AW500-Cs와 13X-Sr계는 고액비, 즉 V/m=40, 및 초기용액의 pH가 3 이상에서 최대의 분배계수 값을 얻었으며, 혼합제올라이트의 비(AW500/13X)가 1.5인 조건에서 Cs과 Sr을 효과적으로 동시에 분리할 수 있음 보았다. 그리고 1,10$0^{\circ}C$에서 배소한 AW500-Cs는 CsAlSi$_2$O$_{6}$로 재결정되며 , 13X-Sr은 SrAI$_2$Si$_2$O$_{8}$ 및 SiO$_2$상(phase)으로 재결정한다.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.4 s.54
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

This study has been investigated to analyze the thermal stability of cesium reacted with fly ash with changing mole ratio of Cs/Al in hydrogen atmosphere. When the $CsNO_3$ and fly ash were reacted at $1000^{\circ}C$ in hydrogen atmosphere, cesium $nepheline(CsAlSiO_4)$ Phase began to emerge in addition to $pollucite(CsAlSi_2O_6)$ phase when the cesium loading quantity was greater than $0.32(g-Cs_2O/g-fly\; ash)$. Cesium $nepheline(CsAlSiO_4)$ Phase increased with increasing cesium loading quantity. When cesium trapped on a fly ash was exposed to $1200^{\circ}C$ in hydrogen atmosphere, no weight loss due to the volatilization was shown until the cesium loading quantity was reached at $0.32(g-Cs_2O/g-fly\; ash)$. In the case of the cesium loading quantity of $0.48-0.74(g-Cs_2O/g-fly\;ash)$ in hydrogen atmosphere, the weight loss increased with increasing the cesium loading quantity. This is considered to be due to the cesium $nepheline(CsAlSiO_4)$ whose vapor pressure is higher than that of $pollucite(CsAlSi_2O_6)$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.561-570
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• 2019

A zeolitic material (Z-Y2) was synthesized from Coal Fly Ash (CFA) using a fusion/hydrothermal method under low-alkali condition (NaOH/CFA = 0.6). The adsorption performance of the prepared zeolite was evaluated by monitoring its removal efficiencies for Sr and Cs ions, which are well-known as significant radionuclides in liquid radioactive waste. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) patterns of the synthesized Z-Y2 indicated that a Na-A type zeolite was formed from raw coal fly ash. The SEM (scanning electron microscope) images also showed that a cubic crystal structure of size $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$ was formed on its surface. In the adsorption kinetic analysis, the adsorption of Sr and Cs ions on Z-Y2 fitted the pseudo-second-order kinetic model well, instead of the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The second-order kinetic rate constant ($k_2$) was determined to be $0.0614g/mmol{\cdot}min$ for Sr and $1.8172g/mmol{\cdot}min$ for Cs. The adsorption equilibria of Sr and Cs ions on Z-Y2 were fitted successfully by Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity ($q_m$) of Sr and Cs was calculated as 1.6846 mmol/g and 1.2055 mmol/g, respectively. The maximum desorption capacity ($q_{dm}$) of the Na ions estimated via the Langmuir desorption model was 2.4196 mmol/g for Sr and 2.1870 mmol/g for Cs. The molar ratio of the desorption/adsorption capacity ($q_{dm}/q_m$) was determined to be 1.44 for Na/Sr and 1.81 for Na/Cs, indicating that the amounts of desorbed Na ions and adsorbed Sr and Cs ions did not yield an equimolar ratio when using Z-Y2.