• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1673-1675
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• 2005

The pulse diagnosis is an important and universal method in Oriental medicine. Nevertheless, because of characteristic that depends on subjective sense of Oriental medicine doctor (OMD), it is not recognized by objective basis. The Korean Institute of Oriental Medicine(KIOM) and Daeyo Medi. Co. Ltd. developed the 3-D Mac using arrey piezoresistive sensors and multi-axial robot. 133 healthy subjects participated in this study, 75 males and 58 females, between 20 and 70 years of age. All subjects were relaxed in a supine position on a comfortable chair for twenty minutes before the measurement was taken. The measured position is the radial artery of subject's left wrist and the position is called Chon, Kwan and Chuck in Oriental medicine. To detect floating and sinking pulse, we established coefficient of floating and sinking(CFS). CFS means relative position of maximum pulse pressure in PH curve. The lower CFS value means that the pulse has floating tendency. There was significant diffence between CFS and diagnosis of floating-sinking pulse by OMD(p=0.020). CFS value of over 40's group was significantly larger than those of 20's and 30's(p=0.000). There was no significant difference between male and female(p=0.061).

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1670-1675
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• 2007

The pulse diagnosis studies reported to date has mainly been performed to clinically reveal the pulse wave characteristics according to the specific diseases, whereas no attempts have been made to study the effects on the pulse wave characteristics of the daily activities such as taking meals, exercise, and sleep, etc. This work reports the effect of feeding stimulus on the healthy subjects on the pulse wave pattern which has quantitatively been analyzed using the objective model for the pulse diagnosis in oriental medicine. The pulse waves right before/after the meal and 30 minutes after the meal were measured using the pulse analyzing equipment (3D-Mac, Daeyo Medi, Korea) and at the same time oriental medicine doctors' diagnoses were given. The pulse parameters obtained from the equipment and clinical records on the subjects were statistically processed and the variables showing statistically significant differences were analyzed. The results indicate that the pulse pressure, the pulse rate, and the respiratory rate increase while the blood pressure decreases after the meal. For the floating/sinking and the deficient/excess coefficients characterizing the pulse states described in the oriental medicine, the floating/sinking coefficients were observed to decrease whereas the deficiency/excess coefficients increase after the meal. The results indicates that besides the standard bio-indicators like blood pressure and respiratory rate, etc., the pulse wave characterization in terms of the pulse classifications in the oriental medicine using the floating/sinking, deficient/excess pulse states provide an important piece of biomedical information.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Measurement equipment was developed for inorganic nutrient concentration inside the hydroponic culture medium with several macro- and micro compositions, and applied for measuring the compositions of conventional medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Before the equipment development, sonicator and heater were utilized to control temperature around of the module mixing with color reagents and target samples among the inorganic compositions. The measurement module and multi-sampler were also manufactured based on the COMS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) and installed inside the measurement equipment. Concentration of standard solution, value measured by the equipment, standard deviation or measured average value were used for estimating the accuracy and average recall of the equipment. Yamazaki solutions with EC of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 dS/m were offered to confirm the equipment accuracy and standard error. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the developed equipment could be automatically applied for measurement with accuracy of over 96% and standard errors of less than 5% on 12 macro- and micro compositions such as a NO3-N, PO43- or Fe.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2005

배 경: 암색소성이면서 집락수가 적은 비결핵항산균이 분리되는 경우 실제 NTM폐질환의 원인일 가능성이 낮다고 추정되나 아직 이에 대한 보고는 없는 실정이다. 본 연구는 암색소성 저집락군 NTM배양의 임상적 의미를 알아보고자 시행되었다. 방 법 : 3개월간 항산균 검사가 의뢰된 6,898예를 대상으로 하여 분석하였으며 무작위로 집락수가 20개 이하인 경우를 저집락군으로 정의하였다. 모든 검체에서 결핵균, NTM의 배양 빈도를 확인하고, NTM에서는 암색소성 여부와 집락수를 분석하였다. NTM은 PRA법으로 동정하였으며 NTM폐질환의 진단은 미국흉부학회의 기준을 따랐다. 결 과: 총 6,898검체 중 NTM은 263(3.8%)예(206명) 결핵균은 382(5.5%)예 분리되었다. NTM 263 균주 중 암 색소성 균주는 124예(47.1%, 112명)이었다. 암색소성중 도말양성은 6예(4.8%)로 비암색소성 139균주 중 33예 (23.7%)에 비하여 의미 있게 낮았다(p<0.05). 균동정은 암색소성은 M. gordonae 83예(81.4%)가 가장 많이 분리되었고, 비암색소성은 MAC 52예(43.0%), M. abscessus 29예(24.0%), M. fortuitum complex 17예(14.0%)의 순이었다. 암색소성-저집락군 113명중 NTM폐질환은 3예 있었으나 모두 비암색소성으로 알려진 다른 균이 원인균이었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 암색소성-저집락 NTM은 대부분 M. gordonae였으며 NTM폐질환의 원인균이 아닌 오염균으로 추정되었다. 저집락수, 암색소성 비결핵항산균의 분리비율이 높을 경우 오염의 가능성을 생각하여 검사실의 정도관리에 최선을 다해야 할 것이다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.263-271
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• 1998

전사조절인자로서 잘 알려져 있는 cAMP receptor protein(CRP)은 cAMP와 DNA에 결합하는 특별한 활성을 가지고 있으며, cAMP-CRP complex를 형성하여 수많은 유전자의 발현조절에 관여한다. 이러한 측면에서 cAMP-CRP의 조절은 어떤 면에서 총체적 조절체계라고까지 한다.본 연구는 Serratia 균주에서 crp 유전자의 분자적 특성 및 cAMP에 의한 발현조절을 받는 분자기구를 해석하고자 유전자를 클로닝하고 발현을 확인하였다. MacConkey 배지에서 maltose를 탄소원으로 충분히 이용하지 못하는 대장균 TP2139(${\Delta}crp$,${\Delta}lac$를 숙주로 이용하고, 염색체 DNA를 library로 작성하여 얻은 형질전환체 약 일만개의 콜로니에서 red colony를 나타내는 5종류의 양성 클론을 얻었다. 이들 클론을 Southern 방법으로 확인한 결과 3kh의 단편을 가진 pCKB12클론이 crp유전자를 coding하고 있음을 확인하였다. glpD-lacZ 융합 plasmid인 pLDC6의 BamHI부위에 pCKB12의 3kb 단편을 삽입시킨 재조합 plasmid pLDC6-Scrp를 작성하여, 클로닝된 Serratia의 crp유전자가 대장균에서 유전자 전사조절에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 cAMP-CRP 복합체 형성에 의한 전사조절 기능이 확인되어졌다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.1221-1225
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• 2009

The pulse diagnosis is an important and universally used method in Oriental Medicine. Since the traditional method of palpating the pulse relies on the subjective sense in the fingers of an Oriental Medical Doctor(OMD), there has been continued need for more objective method for pulse diagnosis. Recently, various pulse analyzers have been developed to meet such objective palpation and interpretation. However, most of these attempts were not successful to replace OMD's own palpation by fingers. To improve the performance of the pulse analyzers, one should develop machine-appropriate interpretations for the pulse images in the literature, in addition to the improvement in the repeatability and reproducibility. One of such widely-used pulse images to be interpreted is the floating and sinking pulse. The floating and sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images informing us how strong pressure one should apply to obtain the maximal pulse strength. A previous study suggested a convenient and unified measure for the floating and sinking pulses by defining the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse(CFS). We found the original definition of the CFS could be erroneous under some situations. To improve the performance, we introduce new CFS algorithm for determining the floating and sinking pulse with a pulse analyzers(3-D MAC). To test the performance of the newly suggested algorithm, we conducted a clinical study comparing the agreement ratio with the floating and sinking pulse diagnosis by the OMDs. We found that, among the subjects who are diagnosed with having either the floating pulse or sinking pulse, the new CFS algorithm showed 55.3% diagnosis rate and 73.0% concordance rate, which are about 3% and 6% improvement in the diagnosis rate and agreement rate, respectively, compared to the original CFS algorithm.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.210-216
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• 1987

미기상 상태에 의하여 벼 도열병을 예찰하기 위한 전산화 예찰모델을 개발하여 그 정확도를 전산모델을 수록한 현지위치형 소형 전산기로서 1984년과 1985년에 걸쳐 포장에서 시험하였다. 건전지 작동형 소형 전산기는 벼 군락내 온도, 습도, 잎이 젖어있는 시간을 계속적으로 측정하여 그 상태를 도열병 발생가능성과 관련하여 평가해서 매일의 병발생가능성 수치(BUS)로 표현한다. 매일의 BUS의 누적치(CBUS)와 두 이병성 품종, M-201과 Brazos에서의 도열병 진전정도와는 밀접한 상관이 있었다. 발병엽율의 logit 치를 CBUS로 회귀하였을 때 평균 결정계수$(R^2)$는 품종과 실험한 해에 따라 $71\%\~91\%$였으며 이것은 시간을 독립변수로 사용하였을 때의 결정계수$61\%\~79\%$에 비하여 현저히 높았다. 결정계수는 M-201에 비하여 생육후기에 포장저항성을 보인 Brazos에서 더 낮았다. 이상의 결과, 현예찰 모델은 실제로 사용가능성이 있지만 앞으로 기주의 저항성이나 병원균 집단의 병원성과 관련한 변수들을 기상환경의 변수와 함께 통합함에 의하여 보다 정확한 예찰모델로 개발할 수 있으리라 생각한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.126-135
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• 2007

This study was conducted to identify the effects of the oriental medicine Qigong Exercise on the brain power, HRV, pulsation, live blood condition among young boys and girls. The study was performed with two group(control group and experimental group) in a pre-test/post-test design. The subjects were 44 young boys and girls selected by a some middle school in Busan. The oriental medicine Qigong Exercise program consists of 80-minute sessions three times a week over 5 months. All of the subjects were examined on the congnition assessment tool, stress assessment tool, oriental medicine pulsation 3-D MAC, live blood condition analyzer Prior and post surveys were measured before and after the experiment. In the cognition assessment, the amplitude of ERS were increased afer Qigong Exercise. The Success and the Concentration were significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise, the Error was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. The Cognition strength was significantly increased, but the Reponse time was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. And the Workload was not significantly decreased, the Total Score was not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. Among the stress assessment, RRV tachogram's ‘mean RR’ was significantly increased, ‘mean HRV’ was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. SDNN was not significantly increased, Complexity was not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. And TP(RRV power's total power) was not significantly increased, VLF and HF was significantly increased, and LF was significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. ANS's norm LF was not significantly decreased, but norm HF was significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. In the RRV's Phase Plot, RMSSD and SDSD were not significantly increased, pnn50 was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. On the whole, Parasympathetic Activity and Stress Endurance were significantly increased, but Cardiac Activity and Physical Arousal were not significantly increased afer Qigong Exercise. Cardiac Aging was not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. Sympathetic Activity, Autonomic Nervous System Balance and Heart-load were not significantly decreased afer Qigong Exercise. In the pulsation, press power was increased(15%), and w/t(pressurization time / pulsation time) was decreased(20%) afer Oigong Exercise. And the live blood condition was not changed afer Qigong Exercise. As mentioned above; the oriental medicine Qigong Exercise program was identified the effects of the inspiration of the brain power, heart rate and anti-stress.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2009

Pulse diagnosis is a central diagnosis method used in traditional Oriental medicine. To standardize and modernize the pulse diagnosis method, it is essential to develop an instrument-based reinterpretation of the clinically used pulse images in terms of the physical quantities such as the strength, period, width, length, and depth of the pulse. As a step towards such standardization, we conducted a clinical study on the floating/sinking pulses based on an automated palpation instrument (3D-MAC, Daeyo Medi, Korea) for 213 female subjects in their 20s and 174 female subjects in their 60s. The floating/sinking pulses are the two representative pulse images depending only on the depth of the pulse, and can be conveniently scaled by the coefficient of the floating-sinking pulse ($C_{fs}{\in}(0,1)$), which represents how strong one should apply the hold-down pressure to obtain the maximal pulse strength. As a result, primarily we found that it tends to appear more floating-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}0$) at Gwan and more sinking-like pulse ($C_{fs}{\rightarrow}1$) at Cheek, at both age groups and at both wrists. This result is consistent with a previous study on the geometrical structure of the blood vessel by an ultrasonograph. Second, the pulse tends to be more sinking-like in the age group of 60s than 20s. Finally, the pulses at the right palpation positions were found to be more sinking-like than the left, at both age groups.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2008

목 적: 해마 절편 배양에서 산소-포도당 박탈(oxygen-glucose deprivation, OGD)에 의한 세포 사망과 신경 세포 사멸을 propidium iodide(PI) 섭취, Fluoro-Jade(FJ) 염색, TUNEL 염색, caspase-3 면역형광염색 방법으로 관찰하고자 하였다. 방 법: 생후 7일된 Sprague-Dawley 흰쥐의 해마를 MacIlwain chopper로 $350{\mu}m$ 두께의 절편으로 절단하였다. 해마 절편을 6-well plate의 insert 내의 반 유공(sem-porous) 막 위에서 membrane-interface technique으로 10일 동안 배양하였다. 배양된 해마 절편에 산소-포도당 박탈을 60분 동안 가한 후 재산소-재관류하에 기초 배양액에서 48시간 배양하였다. 재산소-재관류 동안 PI 섭취 형광 정도를 시간에 따라 형광 현미경으로 관찰하고 세포사망 백분율(percent cell death)을 측정하였다. 산소-포도당 박탈 직전과 24 시간 후에 해마 절편을 $15{\mu}m$ 두께로 냉동 절단 후 FJ 염색, TUNEL 염색, caspase-3 면역형광염색을 시행하여 세포 사망을 관찰하였다. 결과: OGD 후 PI 섭취 는 해마 절편의 CA1과 DG에 한정되어있었다. OGD 후 재산소-재관류 동안 6시간에서 48시간까지 PI 섭취 형광 강도는 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 세포 사망 백분율은 CA1과 DG에서 모두 OGD 후 재산소-재관류 시간이 증가함에 따라 의미 있게 증가하였다(P<0.05). OGD 후 24시간에 세포 변성을 의미하는 많은 FJ 염색 양성 신경 세포 들이 CA1과 DG에서 관찰되었다. 고배율 confocal laser 현미경으로 관찰한 CA1에서의 신경 세포들 중 일부는 명확한 핵과 돌기를 가지고 있는 것을 보여 주었으며, 다른 신경 세포들은 핵의 분절화, 돌기의 손실 등을 보여 주었다. TUNEL 염색과 caspase-3 염색은 OGD 후 24시간에 CA1과 DA에서 TUNEL 양성 발현을 증가시키고 caspase-3 발현을 증가시켰다. 결 론: 해마 절편 배양에서 산소-포도당 박탈 에 의한 다수의 세포 사망을 관찰할 수 있었다. 사망한 세포 들은 주로 신경 세포의 caspase-3 활성화에 의해 매개된 사멸을 보였다.