• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제12B권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 HMD(Head Mounted Display) 하단에 눈동자의 움직임 영상을 취득할 수 있는 USB 카메라를 부착한 후, 3차원 1인칭 슈팅(First Person Shooting) 게임에서 게임 캐릭터의 시선방향을 눈동자 움직임에 의해 조작하는 방법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 방법은 다음과 같은 3부분으로 이루어져 있다. 첫 번째는 입력 영상으로부터 눈동자의 중심 위치를 실시간 영상 처리 방법으로 추출하는 부분, 두번째는 HMD 모니터상의 임의 지점을 쳐다볼 때 추출된 눈동자의 위치 정보와 모니터상의 응시 지점사이의 기하학적인 연관관계를 결정하는 캘리브레이션 부분, 그리고 마지막은 캘리브레이션 정보를 기반으로 모니터 상의 최종적인 응시 위치를 결정하고 이 정보에 의해 게임상의 3차원 뷰 방향을 조정하는 부분으로 구성되어 있다. 실험 결과 본 논문의 방법에 의해 손이 불편한 사용자에게 게임을 즐길 수 있는 기회를 제공하고, 게임 캐릭터와 게임 사용자의 시선 방향을 일치시킴으로서 게임의 흥미와 몰입감을 증가시킬 수 있는 결과를 얻음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.532-539
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 3대의 광대역 레이다에서 얻어지는 각각의 고 분해능 거리 프로파일(high resolution range profile: HRRP)을 이용하여 유도탄의 위치를 추정하는 방법에 대하여 제시한다. 레이다는 유도탄의 레이다유효반사면적(radar cross section: RCS)이 큰 표면에 반사되어 돌아오는 신호를 이용하여 거리를 측정한다. 하지만, 레이다에서 유도탄의 표면과 원점 사이의 거리 획득은 어렵다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 유도탄의 이동방향과 레이다의 추적 방향 사이의 각도를 알아내고, 유도탄의 표면에서 원점까지의 거리를 계산하여 레이다 측정 거리에 보상하였다. 따라서 3대의 레이다로부터 유도탄 원점까지의 총 거리를 계산하여 유도탄의 위치를 추정하였다. 전자기 수치해석 프로그램을 이용하여 유도탄 자세 변화에 따른 레이다의 거리 보상을 시뮬레이션 검증하고, 500 MHz 대역폭의 고 분해능 레이다에서 계측한 거리 프로파일을 이용하여 유도탄의 위치를 추정하였다.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

The Holographic Particle Velocimetry system can be a promising optical tool for the measurements of three dimensional particle velocities. In this study, diffused illumination holographic system to measure the sizes and 3D velocities of moving particles based on automatic image processing was developed. First of all basic optical systems for pulse laser recording, continuous laser reconstruction, and image acquisition, were constructed. To determine the position of particles in the optical axis, new three auto-focusing parameters(AEP), namely, Correlation Coefficient, Sharpness Index, and Depth Intensity were introduced and verified. The developed system was applied to spray droplets to validate the capability of the system. Three dimensional positions of particles viewed from two sides were decided using AFP and then 3D velocities of Particles were extracted by particle tracking algorithm. Comparison of measurement results of sizes and 3D velocities of particles with those obtained by laser instrument, PDPA, showed good consistency of the developed holographic system.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2017

Objectives: The concept of natural head position (NHP) was first introduced by Broca in 1862, and was described as a person's stable physiologic position "when a man is standing and his visual axis is horizontal." NHP has been used routinely for clinical examination; however, a patient's head position is random during cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquisition. To solve this problem, we developed an accelerometer to record patients' NHP and reproduce them for CBCT images. In this study, we also tested the accuracy and reproducibility of our accelerometer. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 subjects participated in this study. We invented an accelerometer that measured acceleration on three axes and that could record roll and pitch calculations. Recorded roll and pitch data for each NHP were applied to a reoriented virtual image using three-dimensional (3D) imaging software. The data between the 3D models and the clinical photos were statistically analyzed side by side. Paired t-tests were used to statistically analyze the measurements. Results: The average difference in the angles between the clinical photograph and the 3D model was $0.04^{\circ}$ for roll and $0.29^{\circ}$ for pitch. The paired t-tests for the roll data (P=0.781) and the pitch data (P=0.169) showed no significant difference between the clinical photographs and the 3D model (P>0.05). Conclusion: By overcoming the limitations of previous NHP-recording techniques, our new method can accurately record patient NHP in a time-efficient manner. Our method can also accurately transfer the NHP to a 3D virtual model.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.969-980
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• 2018

This paper aims to design of the neutrosophic fuzzy-PID controller and it has been compared with the conventional fuzzy-PID controller for position tracking control in terms of robustness. In the neutrosophic fuzzy-PID controller, error (e) and change of error (ce) were assessed separately on two fuzzy inference systems (FISs). In this study, the designed method is different from the conventional fuzzy logic controller design, membership degrees of antecedent variables were determined by using the T(true), I(indeterminacy), and F(false) membership functions. These membership functions are grouped on the universe of discourse with the neutrosophic set approach. These methods were tested on three-dimensional (3-D) position-tracking control application of a spherical robot manipulator in the MATLAB Simulink. In all tests, reference trajectory was defined for movements of all axes of the robot manipulator. According to the results of the study, when the moment of inertia of the rotor is changed, less overshoot ratio and less oscillation are obtained in the neutrosophic fuzzy-PID controller. Thus, our suggested method is seen to be more robust than the fuzzy-PID controllers.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2018

This study presents the generation and accuracy assessment of predicted orbital ephemeris based on satellite laser ranging (SLR) for geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites. Two GEO satellites are considered: GEO-Korea Multi-Purpose Satellite (KOMPSAT)-2B (GK-2B) for simulational validation and Compass-G1 for real-world quality assessment. SLR-based orbit determination (OD) is proactively performed to generate orbital ephemeris. The length and the gap of the predicted orbital ephemeris were set by considering the consolidated prediction format (CPF). The resultant predicted ephemeris of GK-2B is directly compared with a pre-specified true orbit to show 17.461 m and 23.978 m, in 3D root-mean-square (RMS) position error and maximum position error for one day, respectively. The predicted ephemeris of Compass-G1 is overlapped with the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) final orbit from the GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ) analysis center (AC) to yield 36.760 m in 3D RMS position differences. It is also compared with the CPF orbit from the International Laser Ranging Service (ILRS) to present 109.888 m in 3D RMS position differences. These results imply that SLR-based orbital ephemeris can be an alternative candidate for improving the accuracy of commonly used radar-based orbital ephemeris for GEO satellites.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제30권2D호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2010

국내 줄눈콘크리트 포장 다웰바의 경우 합리적 근거가 없이 경험에 의하거나 국외의 기준에 의해 설계시공되고 있다. 다웰바를 합리적으로 설계하기 위해서는 다웰바 거동에 대한 고찰이 요구되며 이에 3차원 유한요소해석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 다웰바의 거동을 평가하기 위해서 다웰바의 3차원 유한요소해석과 다웰바 거동에 대한 대표적인 모델인 Timoshenko 이론을 비교분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 다웰바의 사이즈 및 배치에 대한 합리적인 설계를 하기 위해서 3차원 유한요소해석을 사용하여 다웰바의 그룹작용(Dowel Group Action) 범위와 차량바퀴의 주행경로(Wheel Path)분포를 고려하여 슬래브 처짐을 감소시킬 수 있는 다웰바 최적배치를 제시하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

3D Animation은 미술사를 통해서 볼 때 화가들이 가장 갈구하였던 시공간 문제를 해결하였던 매체였지만 3D Animation의 그 자체의 예술적 가능성의 측면에서 보지 않은 결과, 아직도 예술 분야에서 확고한 위치를 차지하지 못하고 있다. 이러한 3D Animation을 예술의 한 장르로 확고한 위상을 정립하기 위해서 우선적으로 우리의 지각으로부터 어떠한 방식으로 3D Animation을 형상화 시켜야할 것이냐에 그 초점을 맞춰야 할 것이다. 즉 단순히 Realism이란 3D Animation의 특성에만 얽매이지 말고, 대상의 묘사와 대상들과의 관계라는 측면에서의 서사라는 상호 연계성 속에서 그리고 총체적 의미 내에서 이러한 단위들이 설명되어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 미학적 반성이 선행 되어진 후에 비로서 3D Animation 제작은 단순한 상업성에만 속하지 않고 독자적인 예술의 한 장르로서 정의 되어질 수 있다. 따라서 본고는 3D Animation을 예술로서 승화시키기 위한 첫번째 단계로서 3D Animation을 어떠한 방식으로 바라보아야 할 것인가에 대해 논해 보고자 한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.285-299
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to identify female 500m sprint start motion by the center of gravity position in short track speed skating. The center of gravity position ratio was divided into three type(type A front : 80%-back : 20%, type B front : 70%-back 30%, type C front: 50%-back : 50%). Three video cameras were used for 3D motion analysis with DLT method and the results were as follows: The elapsed time in starting motion was appeared that type B was the shortest and type A was the longest. It was appear that the stroke length of type A was longer than that type B and C during starting phase. This result was similar to displacement of center of gravity. It was appeared that skill type of center of gravity position ratio type B' ankle and knee joint angle were lower than that of type A and C. Observing these results it was conclusion that skill type B of center of gravity position ratio was more faster than that of type A and C. But it is important that these skill type needed to verifying more subjects.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.599-605
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• 2011

A 3-D rehabilitation robot system is developed. The robot system is for the rehabilitation of upper extremities, especially the shoulder and elbow joints, and has 3-D workspace for occupational therapy to recover physical functions in activities of daily living(ADL). The rehabilitation robot system has 1 DOF in horizontal rotational motion and 2 DOF in vertical rotational motion, where all actuators are set on the ground. Parallelogram linkage mechanisms lower the equivalent inertia of the control elements as well as control forces. Also the mechanisms have high mechanical rigidity for the end effector and the handle. In this paper, a hybrid position/force controller is used for controlling positions and forces simultaneously The controller is tuned according to the robot posture. The active motion modes for rehabilitation program consist of active-resisted motion mode and active-free motion mode. The results of the experiments show that the proposed motion modes provide the intended forces effectively.