• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2004

3D character animation uses the various entertainment factors such as movie, advertisement, game and cyber idol and occupies an important position in video industry. Although character animation makes various productions and real expressions possible, it is difficult to make character like human body without anatomical understanding of human body. Human body anatomy is the basic knowledge which analyzes physical structure anatomically, gives a lot of helps to make character modeling and make physical movement and facial expression delicately when character animation is produced. Therefore this study examines structure and proportion of human body and focuses on character modeling and animation production based on anatomical understanding of human body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.416-419
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 음성 속도를 고려한 새로운 립싱크 방법에 대해서 제안한다. 실험을 통해 구축한 데이터베이스로부터 음성속도와 입모양 및 크기와의 관계를 퍼지 알고리즘을 이용하여 정립하였다. 기존 립싱크 방법은 음성 속도를 고려하지 않기 때문에 말의 속도와 상관없이 일정한 입술의 모양과 크기를 보여준다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 음성 속도와 입술 모양의 관계를 적용하여 보다 인간에 근접한 립싱크의 구현이 가능하다. 또한 퍼지 이론을 사용함으로써 수치적으로 정확하게 표현할 수 없는 애매한 입 크기와 모양의 변화를 모델링 할 수 있다. 이를 증명하기 위해 제안된 립싱크 알고리즘과 기존의 방법을 비교하고 3차원 그래픽 플랫폼을 제작하여 실제 응용 프로그램에 적용한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.40-44
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• 1998

사용자에 게 친근감 있는 인터페이스를 제공하기 위해 자연스러운 얼굴 애니메이션에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다.[5][6] 본 논문에서는 자연스러운 얼굴의 표정 합성을 위한 애니메이션 방법 을 제안하였다. 특정한 사람을 모델로 한 얼굴 애니메이션을 위하여 우선 3차원 메쉬로 구성된 일반 모델(generic model)을 특정 사람에게 정합 하여 특정인의 3차원 얼굴 모델을 얻을 수 있다 본 논문에서는 한국인의 자연스러운 얼굴 표정합성을 위하여, 한국인의 표준얼굴에 관한 연구결과를 토대로 한국인 얼굴의 특징을 반영한 일반모델을 만들고 이를 이용하여 특정인의 3차원 얼굴 모델을 얻을 수 있도록 하였다. 실제 얼굴의 근육 및 피부 조직 등 해부학적 구조에 기반 한 표정 합성방법을 사용하여 현실감 있고 자연스러운 얼굴 애니메이션이 이루어질 수 있도록 하였다.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1565-1573
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• 2018

The recent breakthroughs of multimedia computing have expanded its scope of application to the fields not been touched before. The reproduction of late artists' performance, especially dancers', which had put on the back burner until now, also beginning to shed the light. This study showed how to apply it to the reproduction of these late performers. Through this work, not only did we reduce the working time by applying the software to the manual process which has been dominantly practiced for reproducing the existing stage, but also made it possible to be reused in the subsequent work.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.535-538
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 얼굴 영상으로부터 워터쉐드 변환을 이용하여 3차원 얼굴 모델을 구성하는 방법을 제안한다. 워터쉐드 변환으로 분할된 각각의 영역으로부터 얼굴의 특징점들을 추출하고 MPEG-4에서 정의해놓은 FDP(Facial Definition Parameter)를 기반으로 얼굴 메쉬모델을 생성한다. 워터쉐드 변환시 발생하는 영역 기반의 과분할 결과에서 얻어지는 정확한 정보와 MPEG-4의 FDP를 기반으로 한 Candide Model을 이용함으로써 매우 간편하게 3D 얼굴 모델을 생성할 수 있고 영상 압축 및 전송에 매우 효율적으로 이용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.23-29
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• 2022

Virtual humans are implemented with dedicated modeling tools like Unity 3D Engine in virtual space (virtual reality, mixed reality, metaverse, etc.). Various human modeling tools have been introduced to implement virtual human-like appearance, voice, expression, and behavior similar to real people, and virtual humans implemented via these tools can communicate with users to some extent. However, most of the virtual humans so far have stayed unimodal using only text or speech. As AI technologies advance, the outdated machine-centered dialogue system is now changing to a human-centered, natural multi-modal system. By using several pre-trained networks, we implemented an emotion-based multi-modal dialogue system, which generates human-like utterances and displays appropriate facial expressions in real-time.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.516-523
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• 2016

For old-age makeups, makeup artists first make a mold cast of an actor's face using plaster and then sculpt wrinkles in clay on the plaster mold. After finishing the clay sculpture, its negative plaster mold is fabricated and silicone skin patches are finally made for application to the actor's face. This process takes a few days and is tedious for actors and makeup artists. With recent advances in 3D printing and scanning technology, it is becoming easier to scan and fabricate 3D faces. This paper presents a new pipeline composed of facial scanning, interactive wrinkle modeling, and mold printing stages to easily and efficiently fabricate silicone masks for old-age makeups without the use of plaster and clay. An intuitive sketch interface based on a normal map is proposed for the creation of wrinkles in real time, even with a high-resolution face model. Then the geometry of the final wrinkles is reconstructed using a depth map and the negative mold of the wrinkled face is printed. We also show that the presented pipeline can fabricate a silicone mask more conveniently than the traditional one that consists of pouring silicone into the prepared negative mold and then overlapping the mold with the original positive one.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2016

Facial feature detection is a fundamental function in the field of computer vision such as security, bio-metrics, 3D modeling, and face recognition. There are many algorithms for the function, active shape model is one of the most popular local texture models. This paper addresses issues related to face detection, and implements an efficient extraction algorithm for extracting the facial feature points to use on iOS platform. In this paper, we extend the original ASM algorithm to improve its performance by four modifications. First, to detect a face and to initialize the shape model, we apply a face detection API provided from iOS CoreImage framework. Second, we construct a weighted local structure model for landmarks to utilize the edge points of the face contour. Third, we build a modified model definition and fitting more landmarks than the classical ASM. And last, we extend and build two-dimensional profile model for detecting faces within input images. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on experimental test set containing over 500 face images, and found to successfully extract facial feature points, clearly outperforming the original ASM.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.350-364
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• 2014

Objectives This study was aimed to find the significant features of face form according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin by analyzing the three-dimensional face information data. Also, making standard face of the Taeeumin and Soyangin was an object of this study. Methods We collected three-dimensional face data of patients aged between 20~45 years old diagnosed by a specialist of Sasang constitutional medicine. The data were collected using a 3D scanner, Morpheus 3D(Morpheus Corporation, KOREA). Extracting a face feature point total of 64, was set to 332 pieces(height, angle, ratio, etc.) of each variable between feature points. ANOVA test were used to compare the characteristics of subjects according to the Taeeumin and Soyangin. Results When not to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin were different from the 18 items(3 items in the ear, 9 items in the eye, 1 item in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 4 items in the jaw). When to consider gender, the Taeeumin and Soyangin men were different from the 6 items(1 item in the ear, 2 items in the nose, 3 items in the face). And the Taeeumin and Soyangin women were different from 17 items(1 item in the ear, 10 items in the eye, 2 items in the nose, 1 item in the mouth, 3 items in the face). Conclusions These results show Taeeumin's face(both men and women) width of the right and left is larger than the length of the top and bottom. Compared to men of Soyangin, men of Taeeumin has greater wings of the nose. Compared to women of Soyangin, women of Taeeumin has longer length of the eye. Soyangin's face(both men and women) length of the top and bottom is larger than the width of the right and left. Compared to men of Taeeumin, men of Soyangin has smaller wings of the nose. Compared to women of Taeeumin, women of Soyangin has more stereoscopic facial features at the top and bottom of the lateral face. Also, by accumulating three-dimensional face data, this study modeled the standard facial features by Taeeumin and Soyangin. These results may be helpful in the development of Sasang constitutional diagnostics utilizing the characteristics of the facial form at later.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.18B no.1
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• pp.21-28
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• 2011

A 3D face shape derived from 2D images may be useful in many applications, such as face recognition, face synthesis and human computer interaction. To do this, we develop a fast 3D Active Appearance Model (3D-AAM) method using depth estimation. The training images include specific 3D face poses which are extremely different from one another. The landmark's depth information of landmarks is estimated from the training image sequence by using the approximated Jacobian matrix. It is added at the test phase to deal with the 3D pose variations of the input face. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can efficiently fit the face shape, including the variations of facial expressions and 3D pose variations, better than the typical AAM, and can estimate accurate 3D face shape from images.